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Impact of binary blends of biodiesels on fuel quality,engine performance and emission characteristics

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Clean energy 2023年第2期7卷 417-425页

作者： Sandeep Gupta Mahendra Pal Sharma Department of Hydro and renewable energy Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand(247667)India

The incessant pressure of energy requirements by the growing global populace has led to the exploration of unconventional methods to produce renewable and sustainable fuels.Among these,biodiesel is most suited to the present needs of eco-friendly standards to keep the atmosphere free from residual emissions.Various fuel-modification methods were developed over a couple of decades to make biodiesel suitable for diesel engines.In the present research,Jatropha curcas biodiesel and waste-cooking-oil(WCO)biodiesel were used to craft a unique binary blend to obtain desirable fuel properties and operational suitability for the diesel engine.The blend with 80% WCO biodiesel and 20% J.curcas biodiesel,which had the most suitable fuel properties,was tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder vertical diesel engine.The emissions and operational parameters were analysed and compared with diesel.The results of the study indicated that engine emissions for binary blend,carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions were highly reduced,and carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))emissions increased relative to diesel.At full load,NO_(x) emission was found to be 51.32% higher than that from diesel and 3.8% lower than that from WCO biodiesel.Engine performance showed that for the binary blend,at full load,the brake-specific fuel consumption was 396.82 g/kWh,which was 15.26% higher,and the brake thermal efficiency was 22.7%,which was 2.74% lower than regular diesel fuel.The present study suggests that the binary blend of J.curcas biodiesel and WCO biodiesel can be a promising approach towards advancements in the fuel properties of biodiesels.

关键词： binary blends waste-cooking-oil biodiesel Jatropha curcas biodiesel engine emission engine performance

Reinforcement learning building control approach harnessing imitation learning

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Energy and AI

energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 60-72页

作者： Sourav Dey Thibault Marzullo Xiangyu Zhang Gregor Henze Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA National renewable energy Laboratory GoldenCOUSA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute BoulderCOUSA

Reinforcement learning(RL)has shown significant success in sequential decision making in fields like autonomous vehicles,robotics,marketing and gaming industries.This success has attracted the attention to the RL control approach for building energy systems which are becoming complicated due to the need to optimize for multiple,potentially conflicting,goals like occupant comfort,energy use and grid interactivity.However,for real world applications,RL has several drawbacks like requiring large training data and time,and unstable control behavior during the early exploration process making it infeasible for an application directly to building control tasks.To address these issues,an imitation learning approach is utilized herein where the RL agents starts with a policy transferred from accepted rule based policies and heuristic policies.This approach is successful in reducing the training time,preventing the unstable early exploration behavior and improving upon an accepted rule-based policy-all of these make RL a more practical control approach for real world applications in the domain of building controls.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Building controls Imitation learning Artificial intelligence

A sustainable integration of removing CO_(2)/NO_(x) and producing biomass with high content of lipid/protein by microalgae

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 13-25,I0002页

作者： Junying Zhu Baowen Guo Fengxiang Qie Xu Li Xikang Zhao Junfeng Rong Baoning Zong Research Centre of renewable energy Research Institute of Petroleum ProcessingSINOPECBeijing 100083China

Due to the boost of CO_(2)/NO_(x)emissions which cause environmental pollution,processes that remove such pollutants from flue gas have attracted increasing attention in recent years.Among these technologies,biological CO_(2)/NO_(x)emission reduction has received more interest.Microalgae,a kind of photosynthetic microorganism,offer great promise to convert CO_(2)/NO_(x)to biomass with high content of lipid and protein,which can be used as feedstock for various products such as biodiesel,health products,feedstuff and biomaterials.In this paper,biological CO_(2)/NO_(x)removing technologies by microalgae,together with the products(such as biofuel and protein)and their economic viability are discussed.Although commercial applications of microalgae for biodiesel and protein products are hampered by the high production cost of biomass,the use of CO_(2)/NO_(x)from flue gas as carbon and nitrogen sources can reduce the cost of biomass production,which makes these technologies more competent for real-life applications.Moreover,it is projected that the increasing in CO_(2)allowances will lead to further reduction in the cost of biomass production,which especially favors related products with lower values such as biodiesel.Furthermore,by combining various process optimization and integration,biorefinery is proposed and considered as the crucial component for the sustainable and economically feasible bulk applications of microalgae biomass.

关键词： Microalgae Greenhouse gas NO_(x) Biodiesel Protein

Fabrication of a sinter-resistant Fe-MFI zeolite dragonfruit-like catalyst for syngas to aromatics conversion

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2023年第2期77卷 70-79,I0003页

作者： Chenguang Wang Chengyan Wen Zheng Liang Zhipeng Tian Qian Jiang Yuhe Liao Xunzhu Jiang Lungang Chen Qiying Liu Longlong Ma Michiel Dusselier Guangzhou institute of energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Southeast University School of Energy and EnvironmentNanjing 210009JiangsuChina Center for sustainable Catalysis and Engineering(CSCE) KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001 HeverleeBelgium CAS Key Laboratory of renewable energy Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and renewable energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Direct conversion of syngas to aromatics has great potential to decrease fossil fuel dependence.Here,a unique structured hybrid catalyst composed of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles intimately dispersed inside an acidic zeolite is developed.1 to 4 nm sized Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles end up evenly dispersed in an acidic and slightly mesoporous Al-ZSM-5 based on Fe_(3)O_(4) restructuring during co-hydro thermal synthesis using organosilane modification.A very high aromatic productivity of 214 mmolaromatics h^(-1) gFe^(-1) can be obtained with a remarkable 62%aromatic selectivity in hydrocarbons.This catalyst has excellent sintering resistance ability and maintains stable aromatics production over 570 h.The synthetic insights that postulate a mechanism for the metastable oxide-zeolite reorganization during hydrothermal synthesis could serve as a generic route to sinter-resistant oxide-zeolite composite materials with uniform,well-dispersed oxide nanoparticles in close intimacy with-and partially confined in-a zeolite matrix.

关键词： Syngas Aromatics Sinter resistant Oxide-zeolite catalyst

Facile synthesis of hydrochar-supported catalysts from glucose and its catalytic activity towards the production of functional amines

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Green energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1358-1370页

作者： Xiuzheng Zhuang Jianguo Liu Longlong Ma Key Laboratory of energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China Key Laboratory of renewable energy Guangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China

Since the utilization of abundant biomass to develop advanced materials has become an utmost priority in recent years,we developed two sustainable routes(i.e.,the impregnation method and the one-pot synthesis)to prepare the hydrochar-supported catalysts and tested its catalytic performance on the reductive amination.Several techniques,such as TEM,XRD and XPS,were adopted to characterize the structural and catalytic features of samples.Results indicated that the impregnation method favors the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes with porous structure as well as well-distributed metallic nanoparticles,while the one-pot synthesis tends to form the inner-sphere surface complexes with relatively smooth appearance and amorphous metals.This difference explains the better activity of catalysts prepared by the impregnation method which can selectively convert benzaldehyde to benzylamine with an excellent yield of 93.7%under the optimal reaction conditions;in contrast,the catalyst prepared by the one-pot synthesis only exhibits a low selectivity near to zero.Furthermore,the gram-scale test catalyzed by the same catalysts exhibits a similar yield of benzylamine in comparison to its smaller scale,which is comparable to the previously reported heterogeneous noble-based catalysts.More surprisingly,the prepared catalysts can be expediently recycled by a magnetic bar and remain the satisfying catalytic activity after reusing up to five times.In conclusion,these developed catalysts enable the synthesis of functional amines with excellent selectivity and carbon balance,proving cost-effective and sustainable access to the wide application of reductive amination.

关键词： Impregnation method One-pot synthesis Hydrochar-supported catalyst Reductive amination

CFD analysis for mixing performance of different types of household biodigesters

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Clean energy 2022年第2期6卷 325-334页

作者： Sagar Shrestha Sunil Prasad Lohani renewable and sustainable energy Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu UniversityNepal

Household biodigesters are self-mixing anaerobic digesters used mostly in rural areas of developing countries as a reliable source of clean cooking energy.For an efficient anaerobic digestion process,the mixing of slurry inside the digester is regarded as one of the most important parameters.In this study,the mixing of slurry in three different designs of household digesters,namely the fixed-dome digester(GGC 2047 model),plug-flow digester and prefabricated plastic digester,are investigated and compared using compu-tational fluid dynamics.A 3D transient simulation is performed using a multiphase volume of fluid(VOF)model in Ansys^(■)Fluent release 16.0.The rheological properties of the feedstock are considered identical for all three digesters.The volume of the plug-flow and prefabricated plastic digesters is designed to be 1 m^(3) while the volume of the GGC 2047 digester was 6 m^(3) as the standard size of the household digester.The regions inside the digester where the velocity of slurry is<0.02 m/s are regarded as dead zones and the obtained results were analysed and compared using velocity patterns and dead-zone formation.It is found that the prefabricated plastic digester model has a relatively higher percentage of dead volume(74.6%)and the plug-flow digester has the lowest per-centage(54%)of dead volume among digesters that were compared in this study.The study will serve as the basis for designers and researchers to improve the design of household digesters for better mixing performances.

关键词： household biodigesters dead zone CFD anaerobic digestion mixing biomass Ansys Fluent

Highly stable dioxin-linked metallophthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第12期32卷 3799-3802页

作者： Zepeng Lei Francisco W.S.Lucas Enrique Canales Moya Shaofeng Huang Yicheng Rong Aaron Wesche Patrick Li Lauren Bodkin Yinghua Jin Adam Holewinski Wei Zhang Department of Chemistry University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309United States

We report a series of highly stable metallophthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks(MPc-dxCOFs) linked by robust 1,4-dioxin bonds constructed through nucleophilic aromatic substitution(SNAr)reaction. The chemical structures and crystallinity of the COFs largely remain unchanged even after treating with boiling water(90°C), concentrated acids(12 mol/L HCl) or bases(12 mol/L Na OH), oxidizing(30% H_(2)O_(2)) or reducing agents(1 mol/L NaBH;) for three days due to their stable M-Pc building blocks and resilient dioxin linkers. With metallated phthalocyanine active sites regularly arranged in the stable framework structures, MPc-dx-COFs can be directly used as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) without pyrolysis treatment that has commonly been used in previous studies.

关键词： Covalent organic framework Metallophthalocyanine Nucleophilic aromatic substitution Dioxin linkage Electrocatalysis Oxygen reduction reaction

调度运行支持体系助力新能源可持续发展(英文)

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China Standardization 2016年第2期66卷 81-85页

作者：王跃峰张楠黄越辉 renewable energy Dispatching Operation Research Office in renewable energy Department of CEPRI

The ultimate goal of renewable energy integration is to generate power.Based on the safe operation of power system,the renewable energy dispatching can reserve running space through forecasting result of renewable energy operation to achieve the maximum available capability.Due to the difficulties of power system balance raised by volatile renewable energy and inflexible thermal power operation,a tough problem of dispatching is how to harmonize the renewable energy and grid safe operation.

关键词：可再生能源能源调度可持续发展操作系统电网安全运行驱动器电力系统协调调度

Solar rooftop in India: Policies,challenges and outlook

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Green energy & Environment 2016年第2期1卷 129-137页

作者： Malti Goel Science & Technological Solutions for sustainable energy Future Climate Change Research Institute

Solar photovoltaic rooftop has emerged as a potential green technology to address climate change issues by reducing reliance on conventional fossil fuel based energy. With a strong commitment to increase the renewable sources based energy capacity to 175 GW by 2022, India has a target to install 100 GW of solar energy capacity. Of this 40 GW would be the share of grid connected solar PV rooftop. This paper examines global growth in solar energy, world's major rooftop installed capacity countries' policies and solar rooftop policy instruments in India. The current Indian goals, issues & challenges in achieving them and trends in further development are discussed.

关键词： Solar energy India Rooftop PV Policies Outlook