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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Activation energy

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Prospects for engineering Ralstonia eutropha and Zymomonas mobilis for the autotrophic production of 2,3-butanediol from CO_(2)and H_(2)

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Engineering Microbiology 2023年第2期3卷 33-38页

作者： Hui Wei Wei Wang Yat-Chen Chou Michael E.Himmel Xiaowen Chen Yannick J.Bomble Min Zhang Biosciences center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA renewable resources and enabling sciences center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA National Bioenergy center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA

The decarbonization of the chemical industry and a shift toward circular economies because of high global CO_(2) emissions make CO_(2) an attractive feedstock for manufacturing ***,H_(2) is a low-cost and carbon-free reductant because technologies such as solar-driven electrolysis and supercritical water(scH_(2)O) gasification enable sustainable production of molecular hydrogen(H_(2)).We review the recent advances in engineering Ralsto-nia eutropha,the representative species of“Knallgas”bacteria,for utilizing CO_(2) and H_(2) to autotrophically produce 2,3-butanediol(2,3-BDO).This assessment is focused on state-of-the-art approaches for splitting H_(2) to supply en-ergy in the form of ATP and NADH to power cellular reactions and employing the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for CO_(2) *** challenges and opportunities for application and future perspectives are discussed in the context of developing other promising CO_(2) and H_(2)-utilizing microorganisms,exemplified by Zymomonas mobilis.

关键词： Ralstonia eutropha Zymomonas mobilis Butanediol CO_(2)fixation CO_(2)sequestration Metabolic engineering Hydrogenase Rubisco

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Species Richness, Diversity and Density of Understory Vegetation along Disturbance Gradients in the Himalayan Conifer Forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1182-1191页

作者： Kesang WANGCHUK András DARABANT Prem Bahadur RAI Maria WURZINGER Werner ZOLLITSCH Georg GRATZER University of Natural resources and Life sciences Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Division of Livestock SciencesGregor Mendel Strasse 33A Vienna 1180 Austria renewable Natural resources Research and Development center University of Natural resources and Life sciences Department of Forest and Soil Sciences Institute of Forestry Ecology Peter Jordan Strasse 82A Vienna 1190 Austria

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually aff

关键词： Forest gap Grazing Relative density Soil nutrients Species diversity Species richness

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Production of chitosan-based composite film reinforced with lignin-rich lignocellulose nanofibers from rice husk

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 174-184页

作者： Hye Jee Kang Yeon Ju Lee Jin Kyoung Lee Irnia Nurika Sri Suhartini Deokyeong Choe Dong Hyun Kim Hoon Choi Natasha P.Murphy Ho Yong Kim Young Hoon Jung School of Food Science and Biotechnology Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea CPR S&T Co. Ltd.Gunpo 15880Republic of Korea Department of Agroindustrial Technology Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyUniversitas BrawijayaMalang 65145Indonesia renewable resources and enabling sciences center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401United States center for Bio-based Chemistry Korea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyUlsan 44429Republic of Korea

Lignocellulosic nanofibers(LCNFs),implying lignin-containing cellulose fibers,maintain the prop-erties of both lignin and cellulose,which are hydrophobic and hydrophilic,*** pres-ence of hydrophobic lignin in LCNFs is expected to be an economical and attractive option that can improve the thermal and mechanical properties of ***,this study was conducted to produce lignin-rich LCNFs from sugar-rich waste obtained from rice husks after acidic *** LCNFs were produced from the lignin-rich solid fractions obtained after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis,which were then incorporated as an additive into a chitosan-based *** variations in lignin content in the range of approximately 50.6%-66.8%in differently obtained LCNFs gave significantly different optical strengths and mechanical *** controllable processes may allow for customized film ***,the glucose-rich liquid fractions obtained after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were used as a substrate for ethanol fermentation to achieve total utilization of rice husk biomass *** conclusion,the lignin-rich biomass fraction holds promise as a suitable material for chitosan-LCNF film and has the potential to increase the economic feasibility of the biomaterial industry.

关键词： Rice husk Lignocellulose nanofiber Lignin-based material Chitosan film Upcycling

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Increased adversely-affected population from water shortage below normal conditions in China with anthropogenic warming

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Science Bulletin 2019年第9期64卷 567-569页

作者： Wenbin Liu Fubao Sun Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences College of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences center for Water resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Ecology Institute of Qilian Mountain Hexi University

Whilst climate warming is expected to speed up the water cycle, it is not clear how the renewable freshwater availability and societal impact would change globally and regionally. Recent call for reporting naturally occurring drought with anthropogenic water shortage and the need for new scientific knowledge around the warming targets (e.g., 1.5 and 2°C) prompts us to tackle this challenge [1–4]. Recently, we published a research paper in GeophysicalResearch Letters.

关键词： population conditions anthropogenic

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Risk assessment of agricultural green water security in Northeast China under climate change

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2178-2194页

作者： Jingxuan SUN Guangxin ZHANG Yanfeng WU Liwen CHEN Peng QI Boting HU Yijun XU Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology.Chinese Academy of sciences Changchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China School of renewable Natural resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center227 Highland RoadBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Northeast China is an important base for grain production,dominated by rain-fed agriculture that relies on green ***,in the context of global climate change,rising regional temperatures,changing precipitation patterns,and increasing drought frequency pose threats and challenges to agricultural green water *** study provides a detailed assessment of the spatiotemporal characteristics and development trends of green water security risks in the Northeast region under the base period(2001-2020)and the future(2031-2090)climate change scenarios(SSP245 and SSP585)using the green water scarcity(GWS)index based on raster-scale crop spatial distribution data,Delta downscaling bias-corrected ERA5 data,and CMIP6 multimodal *** the base period,the green water risk-free zone for dry crops is mainly distributed in the center and east of the Northeast region(72.4% of the total area),the low-risk zone is primarily located in the center(14.0%),and the medium-risk(8.3%)and high-risk(5.3%)zones are mostly in the *** SSP245 and SSP585 future climate change scenarios,the green water security risk shows an overall expansion from the west to the center and east,with the low-risk zone increasing to 21.6% and 23.8%,the medium-risk zone increasing to 16.0% and 17.9%,and the high-risk zone increasing to 6.9% and 6.8%,*** dry crops with GWS greater than 0.1 as in need of irrigation,the irrigated area increases from 27.6%(base period)to 44.5%(SSP245)and 48.6%(SSP585),with corresponding increases in irrigation water requirement(IWR)of 4.64 and 5.92 billion m~3,respectively,which further exacerbates conflicts between supply and demand of agricultural water *** response to agricultural green water security risks,coping strategies such as evapotranspiration(ET)-based water resource management for dry crops and deficit irrigation are *** results of this study can provide scientific basis and decision support for the development

关键词： Climate change Food security Green water security risk Irrigation water requirement Green water scarcity

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Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 31-45页

作者： Joseph D.Birch James A.Lutz Soren Struckman Jessica R.Miesel Justine Karst Department of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State University1066 Bogue StreetEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Wildland resources and the Ecology center Utah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUT 84322-5230USA Department of renewable resources University of Alberta751 General Services BuildingEdmontonAB T6G 2H1Canada

Background: Large-diameter trees have an outsized influence on aboveground forest dynamics, composition, and structure. Although their influence on aboveground processes is well studied, their role in shaping belowground fungal communities is largely unknown. We sought to test if (i) fungal community spatial structure matched aboveground forest structure;(ii) fungal functional guilds exhibited differential associations to aboveground trees, snags, and deadwood;and (iii) that large-diameter trees and snags have a larger influence on fungal community richness than smaller-diameter trees. We used MiSeq sequencing of fungal communities collected from soils in a spatially intensive survey in a portion of Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah, USA. We used random forest models to explore the spatial structure of fungal communities as they relate to explicitly mapped trees and deadwood distributed across 1.15 ha of a 15.32-ha mapped subalpine forest. Results: We found 6,177 fungal amplicon sequence variants across 117 sequenced samples. Tree diameter, dead-wood presence, and tree species identity explained more than twice as much variation (38.7% vs. 10.4%) for ectomy-corrhizal composition and diversity than for the total or saprotrophic fungal communities. Species identity and dis-tance to the nearest large-diameter tree (≥ 40.2 cm) were better predictors of fungal richness than were the identity and distance to the nearest tree. Soil nutrients, topography, and tree species differentially influenced the composition and diversity of each fungal guild. Locally rare tree species had an outsized influence on fungal community richness. Conclusions: These results highlight that fungal guilds are differentially associated with the location, size, and species of aboveground trees. Large-diameter trees are implicated as drivers of belowground fungal diversity, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi.

关键词： Belowground ecology Ectomycorrhizal fungi Pinus flexilis Pinus longaeva Saprotrophic fungi Smithsonian ForestGEO Spatial dynamics Utah Forest Dynamics Plot

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Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in China

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Science China Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 120-127页

作者： WU WeiGuang 1,2,3,HUANG JiKun 1,3 & DENG XiangZheng 1,3 1 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2 Department of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Forestry University,Linan 311300,China 3 center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Economics and Management Zhejiang Forestry University Linan China center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in China and the rest of *** with the national food security,China recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since *** curcas is one of major biodiesel ***,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas *** overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used as feedstock for biodiesel in *** on remote sensing data on land use,data on meteorological,soil and land slope,and suitable environment for Jatropha curcas plantation,this study uses Agro Ecological Zone method and considers social-economic constraints to evaluate potential suitable land for Jatropha curcas plantation in China's major Jatropha curcas production region,Southwest *** results show that while there are some potential lands to expand Jatropha curcas areas,amount of these lands will hardly meet the government's target for Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels development in the *** may need to reconsider its long-term targets on the development of Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels.

关键词： biodiesel Jatropha curcas potential land suitability evaluation Southwest China

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P2-type Na_(0.6)[Mg(Ⅱ)_(0.3)Mn(Ⅳ)_(0.7)]O_2 as a new model material for anionic redox reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第12期29卷 1791-1794页

作者： Xiaohui Rong Fei Gao Yaxiang Lu Kai Yang Yongsheng Hu State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of renewable Energy and Storage Systems China Electric Power Research Institute Key Laboratory for renewable Energy Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A new model material of Na[Mg(Ⅱ)Mn(Ⅳ)]O, with only Mgand Mnin the transition metal layers, is synthesized for the research of anionic redox reaction. The material delivers a capacity of ～130 mAh/g with a long plateau at ～4.2 V in the initial charge profile, indicating anionic redox reaction(ARR) involved during the initial desodiation process. In the following cycles, the reversible capacity can reach a high value of ～210 mAh/g, which is probably derived from the participation of both ARR and Mn/Mnredox couples, further proving the charge compensation from ARR during the initial charge and following cycles. The designed cathode material without Mnhelps avoid the influence of oxygen activity from transition metals, enabling the investigation of ARR without other distractions.

关键词： Na-ion batteries Layered oxide Cathode Anionic redox reaction Na_(0.6)[Mg_(0.3)Mn_(0.7)]O_2

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Water-Based Environmentally Friendly Pesticide Formulations Based on Cyclodextrin/Pesticide Loading System

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Journal of renewable Materials 2023年第2期11卷 777-789页

作者： Xinyu Guo Zhe Sun Rui Zhao Hongyi Shang Jiangyu Liu Yong Xu Laihua Liu Xuemin Wu Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction MOECenter for ResourcesEnvironment and Food SecurityCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Innovation center of Pesticide Research Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

Difenoconazole(DIF)is a representative variety of broad-spectrum triazole fungicides and liposoluble ***,the water solubility of DIF is so poor that its application is limited in plant *** addition,the conventional formulations of DIF always contain abundant organic solvents,which may cause pollution of the *** this study,two DIF/cyclodextrins(CDs)inclusion complexes(ICs)were successfully prepared,which were DIF/β-CD IC and DIF/hydroxypropyl-β-CD IC(DIF/HP-β-CD IC).The effect of cyclodextrins on the water solubility and the antifungal effect of liposoluble DIF pesticide were *** to the phase solubility test,the molar ratio and apparent stability constant of ICs were *** transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravity analysis,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used systematically to characterize the formation and characteristics of *** results noted that DIF successfully entered the cavities of two *** addition,the antifungal effect test proved the better performance of DIF/HP-β-CD IC,which exceeded that of DIF emulsifiable ***,our study provides informative direction for the intelligent use of liposoluble pesticides with cyclodextrins to develop water-based environmentally friendly formulations.

关键词： Water-based environmentally friendly pesticide formulations difenoconazole β-cyclodextrin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex preparation characterization

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