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Molecular Diversity Analysis of Some Chilli (<i>Capsicum</i>spp.) Genotypes Using SSR Markers

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 368-379页

作者： Afsana Sharmin Md. Ekramul Hoque Md. Masudul Haque Fahima Khatun Department of Biotechnology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh regional spices research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Dhaka Bangladesh

Chilli belongs to the genus Capsicum which possesses enormous wealth of genetic diversity. Extent of genetic diversity determines the success level of crop improvement programme. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are the most widely used marker system for molecular diversity analysis especially in cultivated species. The aim of our present study was to assess the molecular genetic diversity of 20 local chilli genotypes of Bangladesh using SSR markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves and PCR reactions were performed. Eleven SSR primers were used in PCR amplification. Total 10 alleles were detected for the five polymorphic SSR loci, with a mean of 2.00 alleles per primer. Gene diversity ranged from 0.333 to 1.00 with an average of 0.567. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values of the SSR primers ranged from 0.255 to 0.500 with an average value of 0.371. The similarity index matrix ranged from 0.00 to 1.000. It was highest in several germplasms viz. Pop-2 vs Pop-18;Pop-3 vs Pop-5 vs Pop-19 vs Pop-20 and the lowest in the germplasm Pop-8 vs Pop-18. Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) indicated the segregation of 20 chilli genotypes into two main clusters. The SSR markers showed genetic variability in the studied pepper genotypes and they are powerful tools for estimating molecular diversity of chilli. The findings of the present study have potential applications in future breeding programme for the genetic improvement of chilli.

关键词： Capsicum Molecular Diversity Genotypes SSR Markers Polymorphism

Influence of Carbohydrates, Mineral Nutrients and Plant Hormones in Alternate Bearing of Black Pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 1960-1967页

作者： K. S. Krishnamurthy S. J. Ankegowda V. Srinivasan S. Hamza Indian Institute of spices research Kozhikode India.

Alternate bearing habit, a common phenomenon prevalent in some of the fruit trees is observed in black pepper variety Panniyur-1 also. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the role of carbohydrates, mineral nutrients and plant hormones (IAA and zeatin riboside) in alternate bearing in Panniyur-1 variety. The experiment was conducted for three consecutive years at Murugarajendra estate, Madikeri, Karnataka, India (12.42。N, 75.73。E). Carbohydrate, mineral nutrient and plant hormone (IAA and zeatin riboside) statuses of the leaves as well as fruiting branches (stem) were compared between good fruiting year (on year) and low fruiting year (off year). Results revealed that concentration of mineral nutrients in leaves was more during on year compared to off year while the reverse was true on the stem. Both stem and leaf metabolite levels at harvest were higher in off year compared to on year suggesting that remobilization of nutrients to the developing berries must have been affected during off year, thus leading to accumulation of more nutrients at harvest in off year compared to on year. Leaf had higher concentration of most of mineral nutrients compared to stem. Spraying of 1% solution of complex fertilizer 19:19:19 (percent N:P:K) three times at an interval of 3 weeks from flower primordial initiation to flowering period enhanced the yield to the extent of around 30% during off year. Auxin to cytokinin ratio was 6.6 and 6.1 in on year and 6.3 and 5.7 in off year at flowering and 3 months after flowering respectively, suggesting that this ratio itself may not play a major role in flowering during on and off years, though the ratio was slightly more during on year. Results of the study indicate that efficient utilization of metabolites and nutrients in on year may render vine weak in the subsequent year coupled with poor remobilization into developing berries, which could make it an off year.

关键词： Remobilization Starch IAA Zeatin Riboside Reducing Sugars Essential Oil Oleoresin

Agro-Morphological Characterization and Genetic Dissection of Linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)Genotypes

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第8期91卷 1721-1743页

作者： A.K.M.Golam Sarwar Md.Sabibul Haque Md.Ekramul Haque Md.Amir Hossain Md.Golam Azam Md.Nesar Uddin Eldessoky S.Dessoky Mahmoud A.Basry Md.Alamgir Hossain Department of Crop Botany Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh spices research Sub-Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteLalmonirhat5500Bangladesh Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Pulse research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteIshurdi6620Bangladesh Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Plant Molecular Biology AGERIAgricultural Research CenterGiza12619Egypt

Linseed is a multipurpose crop and the crop needs further improvement to increase production and yield due to its high value and *** study aimed to assess the extent and pattern of genetic variability of forty linseed genotypes based on diverse agro–morphological and yield *** field experiment was conducted following a Randomized Complete Block Design with three *** germplasm showed a wide range of phenotypic expression,genetic variability and heritability for 30 studied traits.A low to high phenotypic coeffi-cient of variation(PCV)and genotypic coefficient of variation(GCV)were *** lowest genotypic(σ2 g)and phenotypic variances(σ2 p)were found in capsule diameter(CD),length of calyx(LC),capsule length(CL),seed length(SL),and seed breadth(SB).High broad-sense heritability(h2 b)with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean(GAM)were observed in days to germination started(DGS),days to 80%emergence(DE),plant height at 28 and 40 DAS,number of flowers(NFPP),filled capsules(NFCPP)and yield per plant(YPP)indicating additive gene action exists for these *** cluster analysis separated 40 genotypes into five clusters,where Clusters I to V assembled with 13,4,4,5 and 14 genotypes,*** yield and yield attributes,Cluster-IV(G3,G4,G6,G10 and G31)genotypes showed promising while,Cluster-II(G2,G16,G35,G36)and Cluster-III(G1,G33,G39 and G40)genotypes were dominant on plant morphological *** on principal component analysis(PCA),few characters such as YPP,NFPP,NFCPP,days to first flowering and capsule formation,early emergence,days to branch initiation and plant heights at different growth stages revealed important and effective traits for consideration in the selection of linseed breeding programs.

关键词： Genetic variability heritability genetic advance principal component analysis hierarchical clustering linseed

Purification and Characterisation of a Coffee Pulp Tannase Produced by Penicillium verrucosum

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2013年第6期3卷 323-331页

作者： Roopali N. Bhoite Navya P. N Pushpa S. Murthy Plantation Products spices & Flavour Technology Department Central Food .Technological Research Institute Council of Scientificand Industrial Research New Delhi India

Tannase was extracted from a new fungal strain Penicillium verrucosum using coffee pulp as a substrate by solid state fermentation. The extracellular tannase was purified using Sephadex G-100 to 86.02 folds with 34.3% yield and a single band corresponding to 81 kDa was observed in SDS-PAGE. Tannase was immobilized on alginate by entrapment method. The graphical analysis of the effect of the substrate concentration on the tannase activity yielded a Km of 48.88 mM and a Vmax of 169.49 U/mL. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were 30 ℃ and pH 5. The thermal stability, as well as stability over a wide range ofpH, was significantly improved by the immobilization process. The activity was enhanced by Mg^2＋（23.5%） and K^＋（5.3%）, whereas Zn^2＋, Cu^2＋, Ca^2＋, NH^4＋ and Hg^2＋ inhibited tannase activity. Maximum substrate bioconversion （58.94%） from tannic acid to gallic acid and tea cream solubilisation （32.82%） was achieved using immobilized tannase. The extracellular tannase produced by P. verrucosum showed distinctive characteristics such as monomeric structure and activation by Mg^2＋, suggesting a new kind of fungal tannase with biotechnological potential.

关键词： Tannase Penicillium verrucosum solid state fermentation purification characterization immobilization.

Process optimization study on the carbonylation of methyl acetate

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第9期26卷 1937-1942页

作者： Baohe Wang Baomin Ge Jing Zhu Lina Wang Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Research and Development Center of Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University

Acetic anhydride is the important organic chemical raw material, and is used widely in chemical industry,pharmaceutical industry, dyes, spices and other fields. In this paper, the process of carbonylation of methyl acetate in rhodium iodine catalyst system was studied, and the suitable reaction conditions were *** the same time, the kinetic model was established. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows： the reaction pressure was 5 MPa, the hydrogen content was 8%, the amount of iodomethane was 15%, the amount of lithium iodide was 3%, the reaction temperature was 150 ℃ and the reaction time is 3 h. Under the above reaction conditions, the selectivity of the reaction is close to 100% and the conversion is as high as 92%. The macroscopic kinetic model of the reaction was established in the temperature range of 120 ℃–150 ℃. The reaction is an irreversible reaction without the formation of by-products and the dynamic equation is also given in the Conclusions section.

关键词： Carbonylation Rhodium iodine catalyst Reaction conditions Kinetics

High-quality genomes of Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra provide insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber development

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 189-207页

作者： Lei Shao Shangkun Jin Jinwen Chen Guangsui Yang Rui Fan Zhiyuan Zhang Qian Deng Jin Han Xiaowei Ma Zeyu Dong Hejun Lu Wanying Hu Kai Wang Lisong Hu Zhen Shen Surong Huang Ting Zhao Xueying Guan Yan Hu Tianzhen Zhang Lei Fang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources Institute of Crop SciencePlant Precision Breeding AcademyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572025China Tropical Crop Germplasm research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China spices and Beverages research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanning 571533China School of Life Sciences Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Members of the Malvaceae family,including Corchorus spp.,Gossypium spp.,Bombax spp.,and Ceiba spp.,are important sources of *** the past decade,the genomes of several Malvaceae species have been assembled;however,the evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the differences in theirfiber development remain to be ***,we report the genome assembly and annotation of two nat-uralfiber plants from the Malvaceae,Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra,whose assembled genome sizes are 783.56 Mb and 1575.47 Mb,*** analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication and Gypsy long terminal repeat retroelements have been the major causes of differences in chromosome number(2n=14 to 2n=96)and genome size(234 Mb to 2676 Mb)among Malvaceae *** also used comparative genomic analyses to reconstruct the ancestral Malvaceae karyotype with 11 proto-chromo-somes,providing new insights into the evolutionary trajectories of Malvaceae ***-MIXTA-like 3 is relatively conserved among the Malvaceae and functions infiber cell-fate determination in the *** appears to perform this function in any tissue where it is expressed,*** on the endo-carp of *** and in ovulefibers of *** identified a structural variation in a cellulose synthase gene and a higher copy number of cellulose synthase-like genes as possible causes of thefiner,less spinnable,weakerfibers of *** study provides two high-quality genomes of naturalfiber plants and offers insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their naturalfiber formation and devel-opment through multi-omics analysis.

关键词： Malvaceae species genome evolution ancestral karyotype fiber differentiation

Effect of Fenugreek Seed Husk on the Rheology and Quality Characteristics of Muffins

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1473-1479页

作者： Deeptanshu Srivastava Jyotsna Rajiv Mahadevamma Madeneni Madhava Naidu Jarpala Puranaik Pullabhatla Srinivas Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Central Food Technological Research Institute Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Mysore India. Flour Milling Baking and Confectionery Technology Department Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore India Plantation Products Spices and Flavour Technology Department Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore India Plantation Products Spices and Flavour Technology Department Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore India

The effect of incorporation of fenugreek seed husk (FSH) in muffins at different levels of 5%, 10% and 15% was investigated. Muffins were prepared with FSH at different levels and batter flow properties were studied. The muffin batter viscosity increased from 32,500 to 38,000 cps when the FSH content increased from 0 to 15%. While the muffin vol-umes increased upto 10% addition of FSH and further FSH increase did not result beneficially. Supplementation with FSH resulted in softer crumb texture indicated by the hardness which decreases in hardness 4.20 to 3.19 N. Inclusion of FSH addition in muffins found acceptance by panelists with a rating better than the control. The optimal level of incorporation of FSH flour, based on sensory quality in muffins was found to be 10% and use of Polysorbate-60 at 0.5% level in these muffins further improved the overall quality characteristics. These muffins had double the amount of dietary fiber.

关键词： Fenugreek Seed Husk Dietary Fiber Batter Viscosity Muffins Quality Sensory Properties

Non-timber forest products and household incomes in Bonga forest area,southwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry research 2014年第1期25卷 215-223页

作者： Ermias Melaku Zeleke Ewnetu Demel Teketay Bonga Agricultural research center Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Botswana College of Agriculture Department of Crop Science and Production

We identified the major non-timber forest products （NTFPs）, their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influenc-ing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles （the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia） were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using propor-tional-to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals. The farmers diversified liveli-hood activities such as crop and livestock production, collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities. NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs （forest coffee, honey and spices） accounted for 47% of annual household in-come. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Vari-ables including being native to the area （＋）, total land holding （＋）, pos-session of livestock （＋） and access to extension （＋） significantly affected forest coffee production. Age of household head （-）, land holding （＋） and distance of the market from the residence （-） significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding （＋）, distance to market （-） and distance of the forest from the residence （-） were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households. Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered.

关键词： Bonga forest determinants of NTFP collection household income livelihood activities NTFPs

The genomic and bulked segregant analysis of Curcuma alismatifolia revealed its diverse bract pigmentation

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aBIOTECH 2022年第3期3卷 178-196页

作者： Xuezhu Liao Yuanjun Ye Xiaoni Zhang Dan Peng Mengmeng Hou Gaofei Fu Jianjun Tan Jianli Zhao Rihong Jiang Yechun Xu Jinmei Liu Jinliang Yang Wusheng Liu Luke RTembrock Genfa Zhu Zhiqiang Wu Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen518120China Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Environmental Horticulture Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou510640China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan UniversityKunming650504China Guangxi Engineering and Technology research center for Woody spices Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest CropsGuangxi Forestry Research InstituteNanning530002China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE68583USA Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan Foshan528200China

Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an *** alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different ***,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of ***“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract *** genomic analysis revealed *** contains a residual signal of whole-genome *** genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among *** *** addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in ***,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic *** work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in *** and related *** is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.

关键词： Anthocyanin synthesis Siam tulip Floriculture Zingiberaceae Genome evolution