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China CDC weekly 2020年第26期2卷 469-475页

作者： Hui Liu GJohnston Lisa Lei Zhang Mengjie Han Hao Zhu Jie Yang Jingyan Li Lu Liu Yujing Liu Mark Prabhu Shirley National centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina University of California San FranciscoGlobal Health SciencesSan FranciscoUSA UNICEF China BeijingChina United States CDC China OfficeBeijingChina Tianjin Shenlan public health Counseling Service centre TianjingChina Lingnan Partners GuangzhouChina UNICEF East Asia and Pacific regional Office BangkokThailand

What is already known on this topic?There has been a steady increase of new reported HIV infections in individuals aged 15–24 years,primarily from self-reported men who have sex with men(MSM).What is added by this report?MSM aged 15–19 years practiced behaviors that put them at high risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections(STIs).Systems to address their unique risks and vulnerabilities in both school settings and in high impact HIV interventions may be *** are the implications for public health practice?Special needs of MSM aged 15–19 years must be met by starting sex education in junior high school and sensitizing health workers in and out of school settings on quality counselling,testing,and *** approaches that address age of consent issues are also suggested.

关键词： starting education primarily

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Model of Sepsis and Purulent-Inflammatory Diseases

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019年第11期10卷 577-595页

作者： Lesia Ostapiuk Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National Pirogov Memorial Medical University Lviv Regional Centre of Public Health Lviv Vinnytsia Ukraine

In this study, the method of fluorescence spectroscopy was used to improve the diagnostics and prediction of sepsis, pyo-inflammatory diseases and postpartum endometritis. At the first stage of the study, the researcher explored the fluorescence spectra of dilutions of serum with centrifuged and non-centrifuged bacterial culture (6-day crop sugar broth with Staphylococcus aureus), distilled water, 20% albumin and sugar broth. The focus was on the influence of treatment, including infusion therapy, on the fluorescence spectral characteristics of a patient’s serum. At the second stage, the method of fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the diagnosis of sepsis in vivo. At the third stage, the analyst scrutinized the peculiarities of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (totally, 40 parameters) in patients with postpartum pyo-inflammatory diseases and in the control group.

关键词： Pyo-Inflammatory Diseases Sepsis Postpartum Endometritis Method of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Advancing Direct Corporate Accountability in International Human Rights Law:The Role of State-Owned Enterprises

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第2期14卷 231-273页

作者：马西利 Faculty of Law University of OsloOsloNorway School of Law Peking UniversityBeijingChina the International Committee of the Red Cross(ICRC)regional delegation for East Asia Beijing 100600China

Resorting to the immensely state-centric international legal system to regulate corporate human rights abuses is often viewed as *** many proposals aiming at filling the international regulatory gaps,imposing international human rights obligations directly on corporations is a bold one,which,due to profound doctrinal and practical challenges,is yet to be ***,state-owned enterprises(SOEs),given their prima facie''state-business nexus"that blurs the traditional public-private divide,might provide a renewed opportunity to push forward the"direct international corporate accountability^^*** study investigates whether SOEs represent a golden chance for direct corporate accountability in the international legal *** study provides a legal analysis supported by case law,and by comparative and empirical research when *** providing a definitional account of SOEs,it examines the legal status of SOEs under international ***,in the reverse direction,it proceeds to explore if the state-business nexus of SOEs as non-state actors could render the argument toward direct international corporation accountability more *** findings reveal that SOEs,to a limited extent,represent a renewed opportunity to rethink direct corporate accountability under international law.

关键词： state-owned enterprises direct corporate accountability human rights obligations for corporate international human rights law

Factors influencing the tobacco control policy process in Egypt and Iran:a scoping review

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Global health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 171-181页

作者： C.Banks S.Rawaf S.Hassounah WHO Collaborating centre for public health Education&Training Department of Primary Care&Public HealthSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonCharing Cross Campus3rd FloorThe Reynolds BuildingSt Dunstan’s RoadLondon W68RFUK

Introduction:Tobacco control policy is essential for addressing the growing tobacco consumption seen in the Eastern Mediterranean Region,the single greatest preventable contributor to the non-communicable disease *** and Iran have had varied success in using policy to combat this *** study aims to identify and compare the factors which have influenced different stages of the policy process-evidence generation,development and ***:A scoping review was conducted with a systematic search of 7 databases which was conducted along with searches of Google Scholar,and the World health Organisation and Eastern Mediterranean regional Office websites to identify influencing factors at each stage of the policy ***:Twenty-seven relevant articles were identified from the literature *** identified as influencing tobacco control policy in these countries were lobbying by the tobacco industry,the rise of water-pipe smoking,lack of political commitment and the lack of resources to for policy *** was found to be leading Egypt on all three areas of the policy *** was found to be the most pivotal part of the policy process and the area in which Egypt was weakest compared to ***:This study addresses a gap in knowledge concerning tobacco control in the Middle East and has identified multiple factors which are potentially slowing the process of enforcing policy to address tobacco *** is the regional leader for tobacco control and it is important for Egypt to assess the transferability of its tactics and immediately start implementing measures to control tobacco use.

关键词： public health health policy Prevention strategies Tobacco control Implementation science

health system interventions for the cost containment of drugs used for cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and exploration of how the results could be adapted to the Sri Lankan context

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Global health Journal 2024年第4期8卷 181-189页

作者： Jayasekara Liyana Patabendige Chaminda Sanjeewa Kularatna Dilantha Dharmagunawardene Reece Hinchclffe Alexia Rohde David Brain Ruvini Manjula Hettiarachchi Sucharitha Rangi Weerasuriya Sunil Senarath Yapa Sameera Senanayake Australian centre for health Services Innovation and centre for healthcare Transformation School of Public Health and Social WorkQueensland University of TechnologyQueenslandAustralia Ministry of health ColomboSri Lanka health Services and Systems Research Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore National Heart Research Institute Singapore National Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore School of Applied Psychology Grifith Health GroupGrifith UniversityQueenslandAustralia School of public health and Social Work Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyQueenslandAustralia centre for the Business and Economics of health The University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia

Objectives:Cardiovascular disease(CVD)in low and middle-income countries(LMICs),accounts for over 80%of global CVD-related *** high cost of drugs is a major concern in not of managing *** study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review to identify interventions for cost containment of cvD drugs and use the inter-vention scalability assessment tool(ISAT)to examine the acceptability and application of relevant interventions in the Sri Lankan context,that can also be adaptable to other ***:A systematic search across three databases(Medline,Web of Science and Embase)was completed to identify relevant health system *** ISAT assessed the feasibility of adapting the identified interven-tions to Sri Lanka,using structured interviews with 25 Sri Lankan stakeholders representing five groups:health managers,cardiologists,pharmacists,nursing officers,and ***:The search yielded nine *** were conducted on a national scale,while others were con-ducted at the regional *** were published in developed *** identified interventions were categorised into six intervention themes:Imposing a ceiling price or reference price;introduction of the polypill;introduction of volume price contract initiatives;prescribing generic and essential drugs;one intervention pack-age including generics,essential medicine,90-day drugs,and free delivery;and a second intervention package including discounts,rebates,cost-free medicine,and *** of six intervention themes revealed that methods of setting ceiling prices and controlling generic drug prescribing were the most popular,while other interventions were least popular..Conclusions:The study provides a roadmap for future interventions based on successful scaling,emphasizing the importance of understanding contextual variables and encourages stakeholder participation in policy assessments and *** findings highlighted the potential for enhancing the access

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Drug Cost Interventions

Sanitary Quality of the Meals Served in the Canteens and Vicinity of the Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital centre and National Hospital and University centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga of Cotonou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第5期13卷 183-197页

作者： Moussiliou Paraïso Cyriaque Comlan Degbey Yasmine Bakary Ozavino Colette Azandjeme Charles Sossa-Jerome regional Institute of public health University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Background: Food safety is an integral part of food security. It refers to the protection of the food supply against risks of microbial, chemical and physical origin at every stage of the food chain. The study aimed to investigate the sanitary quality of meals served in the canteens and vicinity of the Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital centre (CHU-MEL) and National Hospital and University centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou. Methods: It was a cross-sectional with a data collection period from 16 March to 22 April 2021. There were 32 vendors surveyed and 40 meals sampled for microbiological examination. We collected data on the vendors’ socio-demographic characteristics, working environment, health status, knowledge and food hygiene practices. Results: About 83% of the meals contained pathogenic microorganisms. All meals had a temperature from 4°C to 60°C called the “danger zone”. The level of knowledge about food hygiene was low in 65.7% of the vendors. About 47% had poor personal and clothing hygiene, food storage and service practices. Conclusion: These results show that the meals sold in the CHU-MEL and CNHU-HKM could present a health risk for the consumer. There is a need for improvement of the sanitary quality of the meals delivered in the canteens and vicinity of these hospitals.

关键词： Sanitary Quality Meals Canteens CHU-MEL CNHU-HKM Benin

Yellow fever virus outbreak in Brazil under current and future climate

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 664-677页

作者： Tara Sadeghieh Jan M.Sargeant Amy L.Greer Olaf Berke Guillaume Dueymes Philippe Gachon Nicholas H.Ogden Victoria Ng Population Medicine University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada centre for public health and Zoonoses Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada public health Risk Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaGuelphOntarioSt.HyacintheQuebecCanada ESCER(Etude et Simulation du Climata l’Echelle regionale)centre Universite du Quebec a MontrealQuebecCanada

Introduction:Yellow fever(YF)is primarily transmitted by Haemagogus species of *** climate change,mosquitoes and the pathogens that they carry are expected to develop faster,potentially impacting the case count and duration of YF *** aim of this study was to determine how YF virus outbreaks in Brazil may change under future climate,using ensemble simulations from regional climate models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for three time periods:2011-2040(short-term),2041-2070(mid-term),and 2071-2100(long-term).Methods:A compartmental model was developed to fit the 2017/18 YF outbreak data in Brazil using least squares *** explore the impact of climate change,temperature-sensitive mosquito parameters were set to change over projected time periods using polynomial equations fitted to their relationship with temperature according to the average temperature for years 2011-2040,2041-2070,and 2071-2100 for climate change scenarios using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,where RCP4.5/RCP8.5 corresponds to intermediate/high radiative forcing values and to moderate/higher warming trends.A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine how the temperature-sensitive parameters impacted model results,and to determine how vaccination could play a role in reducing YF in ***:Yellow fever case projections for Brazil from the models varied when climate change scenarios were applied,including the peak clinical case incidence,cumulative clinical case incidence,time to peak incidence,and the outbreak ***,a decrease in YF cases and outbreak duration was *** the observed incidence in 2017/18 to the projected incidence in 2070-2100,for RCP4.5,the cumulative case incidence decreased from 184 to 161,and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 20 *** RCP8.5,the peak case incidence decreased from 184 to 147,and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 17 *** observed decrease was primarily due to temperature increasing

关键词： Yellow fever Mosquito-borne disease Climate change Infectious disease model Temperature

A comparative analysis of five global cropland datasets in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第12期59卷 2307-2317页

作者： LU Miao WU WenBin ZHANG Li LIAO AnPing PENG Shu TANG HuaJun Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National Geomatics centre of China

Accurate information of cropland area and spatial location is critical for studies of national food security, global environmental change, terrestrial ecosystem geophysics and the geochemical cycle. In this paper, we compared five global cropland datasets in circa 2010 of China from in terms of cropland area and spatial location, including Global Land30, FROM-GLC, Glob Cover, MODIS Collection 5, and MODIS Cropland. The results showed that the accuracies of cropland area and spatial location of Globe Land30 were higher than the other four products. The cropland areas of the five products varied in most of the provinces. Compared with the statistical data, the best goodness of fit was obtained using Globe Land30, followed by MODIS Collection 5 and FROM-GLC, with MODIS Cropland and Glob Cover having the poorer accuracies. Regarding the spatial location of cropland, Globe Land30 achieved the best accuracy, followed by FROM-GLC and MODIS Collection 5, with Glob Cover and MODIS Cropland having the poorer accuracies. In addition, the spatial agreement of the five datasets was reduced from agricultural production area to pastoral area and significantly affected by elevation and slope factors. Although the spatial resolution of MODIS Collection 5 was the lowest, accuracies of the cropland area and spatial location were better than those of Glob Cover and MODIS Cropland. Therefore, high spatial resolution remote sensing images can help to improve the accuracy of the dataset during land cover mapping, while it is also important to select a suitable classification method. Furthermore, in northwestern and southeastern China, spectral mixing pixels are universal because of the complicated landscape and fragmentized topography and result in uncertainty and poor consistency when using the five products. Therefore, these regions require additional attention in future cropland mapping studies.

关键词： Land cover Cropland area Spatial location Accuracy Spatial agreement

Assessment of household ownership of bed nets in areas with and without artemisinin resistance containment measures in Myanmar

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 199-205页

作者： Thae Maung Maung Tin Oo Khin Thet Wai Thaung Hlaing Philip Owiti Binay Kumar Hemant Deepak Shewade Rony Zachariah Aung Thi Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar Department of public health Ministry of Health and SportsNay Pyi TawMyanmar Academic Model Providing Access to healthcare(AMPATH) EldoretKenya Gavi the Vaccine AllianceGenevaSwitzerland International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease(The Union) South-East Asia Regional OfficeNew DelhiIndia Medecins Sans Frontieres Brussels Operational CentreLuxembourg cityLuxembourg National Malaria Control Program Ministry of Health and SportsNay Pyi TawMyanmar

Background:Myanmar lies in the Greater Mekong Subregion where there is artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum *** the artemisinin compound is the pillar of effective antimalarial therapies,containing the spread of artemisinin resistance is a national and global *** use of insecticide-treated bed nets/long-lasting insecticidal nets(ITNs/LLINs)is the key intervention for ensuring the reduction of malaria transmission and the spread of resistant strains,and for eventually eliminating *** study aimed at assessing household ownership of,access to,and utilization of bed nets in areas of Myanmar with and without artemisinin resistance containment ***:Secondary data from a nationwide community-based malaria survey conducted by the National Malaria Control Program in 2014 were *** on evidence of artemisinin resistance,Myanmar was divided into tiers 1,2,and 3:townships in tiers 1 and 2 were aggregated as the Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment(MARC)areas and were compared with tier 3 townships,which were defined as non-MARC *** chi-square test was used to compare groups,and the level of significance was set at P≤***:Of the 6328 households assessed,97.2%in both MARC and non-MARC areas had at least one bed net(any type),but only 63%of households had ITNs/*** 44%of households in MARC areas and 24%in non-MARC areas had adequate numbers of ITNs/LLINs(one ITN/LLIN per two persons,P<0.001).Nearly 44%of household members had access to ITNs/*** the utilization of ITNs/LLINs,45%of household members used them in MARC areas and 36%used them in non-MARC areas(P<0.001,desired target=100%).Utilization of ITNs/LLINs among children aged below five years and pregnant women(high malaria risk groups)was low,at 44%and 42%,***:This study highlights the nationwide shortfalls in the ownership of,access to,and utilization of ITNs/LLINs in Myanmar,which is of particular concern in terms

关键词： Malaria Insecticide-treated bed nets Long-lasting insecticidal nets Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment Bed nets ownership Bed nets access Bed nets utilization Myanmar

Diverse bacterial populations of PM_(2.5) in urban and suburb Shanghai,China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 77-86页

作者： Caihong Xu Jianmin Chen Zhikai Wang Hui Chen Hao Feng Lujun Wang Yuning Xie Zhenzhen Wang Xingnan Ye Haidong Kan Zhuohui Zhao Abdelwahid Mellouki Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP^(3)) Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringFudan Tyndall CentreInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Center for Excellence in regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Yangtze River Delta Estuary Wetland StationSchool of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China School of public health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety(Ministry of Education)NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology AssessmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institut de Combustion AerothermiqueReactivite et EnvironnementCNRS45071 Orleans Cedex 02France

Airborne bacteria play key roles in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and human health,yet our understanding of bacterial communities and their response to the environmental variables lags significantly behind that of other components of PM_(2.5).Here,atmospheric fine particles obtained from urban and suburb Shanghai were analyzed by using the qPCR and Illumina Miseq *** bacteria with an average concentration of 2.12× 10^(3 )cells/m^(3),were dominated by Sphingomonas,Curvibacter,Acinetobacter,Bradyrhizobium,Methylobacterium,Halomonas,Aliihoeflea,and Phyllobacterium,which were related to the nitrogen,carbon,sulfur cycling and human health *** results provide a global survey of bacterial community across urban,suburb,and high-altitude *** Shanghai(China),urban PM2.5 harbour more diverse and dynamic bacterial populations than that in the *** structural equation model explained about 27%,41%,and 20%^78%of the variance found in bacteria diversity,concentration,and discrepant genera among urban and suburb *** work furthered the knowledge of diverse bacteria in a coastal Megacity in the Yangtze river delta and emphasized the potential impact of environmental variables on bacterial community structure.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Bacteria 16SrRNA SEM analysis Shanghai City