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Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B in Blood Donors at the N’Zérékoré regional Blood Transfusion centre in Guinea

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Open Journal of Immunology 2024年第2期14卷 33-45页

作者： Alimou Camara Ernest Thea Ives Nyankoye Haba Yamoussa Youla Ibrahima Sory Diallo Mariama Sadio Diallo Djiba Kaba Jacob Camara Moussa Condé Barré Soropogui Kaba Kourouma Thierno Mamadou Tounkara Babacar Mbengue Abdoulaye Touré Sanaba Boumbaly Virology Research centre Guinea Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory Conakry Guinea Faculty of health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea National Blood Transfusion centre Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene Conakry Guinea Institute of health and Childhood Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea African centre of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases Conakry Guinea Department of Dermatology and Venereology Donka University Hospital Conakry Guine Immunology Laboratory Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal centre for Research and Training in Infectious Diseases of Guinea Conakry Guinea

Blood transfusion saves lives and reduces morbidity and mortality for a large number of diseases and clinical conditions, but it is not without danger. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV and hepatitis B in blood donors received at the regional Blood Transfusion centre of N’Zérékoré (Guinea). This was a 5-year retrospective analytical study. We included records of blood donors aged 18 to 60 years admitted to the N’Zérékoré regional Blood Transfusion centre for blood donation from January 2016 to December 2020. We performed a descriptive analysis followed by Chi-2 or Fish-er-exact tests and the Student or Wilcoxon test, followed by multivariate logistic regression. In this study, donor age ranged from 18 - 60 years, with a pre-dominance of donors aged 25 - 34 (44.2%). Male donors were the most represented in our study (79.0% versus 21.0% female). More than half of the donors were blood group O (55.6%). We observed a seroprevalence of 3.6% for HIV, 13.4% for HBsAg and 0.2% for co-infection. In our series, age 25 - 34 (OR = 1.89 and P = 0.001) and 35 - 44 for HIV (OR = 2.01 and P = 0.001), HBsAgserostatus (OR = 3.04 and P = 0.001) and blood donation history (OR of 3.04 and P = 0.001) were factors associated with HIV positivity (P < 0.05). In our study, HIV serostatus (OR = 3.04 and P = 0.001) and blood donation history (OR = 0.01 and P = 0.001) were factors associated with HBsAgseropositivity. We reported a high prevalence of HIV and HBsAg. Sex, serological status and blood donation history were associated factors.

关键词： Seroprevalence HIV Hepatitis B Blood Donors N’Zérékoré Guinea

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Clinical epidemiology of gastric cancer in Hehuang valley of China:A 10-year epidemiological study of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10486-10494页

作者： Su Yan Bin Li Zhen-Zhong Bai Jun-Qi Wu Da-Wei Xie Ying-Cai Ma Xu-Xiang Ma Jun-Hui Zhao Xin-Jian Guo Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Surgical Oncology) Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University Department of public health and Medical Statistics School of Medicine of Qinghai University Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of Ministry of Education Qinghai University Department of Digestive Medicine People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province Department of Digestive Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University Department of Medical Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University Consultation centre of Clinical Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University

AIM: To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics of gastric cancer in the Hehuang valley, China, to provide a reference for treatment and prevention of regional gastric cancer.

关键词： Gastric cancer Epidemiology Dietary habits Hehuang valley Mortality

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Implementation of STEM Tinkering Approaches in Primary School Education in Greece

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Sino-US English Teaching 2019年第12期16卷 510-516页

作者： Matthaios Patrinopoulos Paraskevi Iatrou 2nd regional centre for Educational Planning of Attica Greece Hellenic Education Society of STEM(Ε3STEM) Greece

In this paper,they are presented the experiences that emerged from the implementation of STEM approaches in primary education in Greece,given the context in which schools *** aim is to stimulate discussion on the possibilities and feasibility of introducing STEM activities in Greek *** public schools in Attica were selected as pilot schools to test the proposal in which eight different actions were implemented in different ***,one of the actions implemented for nine classroom hours in elementary school(K5)is *** the literature review and the implementation of these actions,it has been demonstrated that while existing curricula have not incorporated the STEM education methodology into their goals,there are links that allow teachers to apply *** addition,it appears that the scenarios will have to be carefully designed,be clearly depicted and receptive to accepting solutions *** parallel,the positive effect of these actions has multiple levels of impact on students(cognitive domain,affective domain,and psychomotor domain).

关键词： STEM primary education educational application Greece

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Establishing research priorities in prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban areas:a collaborative process

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 860-869页

作者： Christian Dagenais Stephanie Degroote Mariam Otmani Del Barrio Clara Bermudez-Tamayo Valery Ridde Department of Psychology University of MontrealPavillon Marie-VictorinBureau C-355C.P.6128succursale Centre-ville.MontrealQC H3C 3J7Canada University of Montreal public health Research Institute MontrealQCCanada Vector Environment and Society UnitSpecial Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Andalusian School of public health GranadaSpain CIBER of Epidemiology and public health(CIBERESP) MadridSpain IRD(French Institute for Research on Sustainable Development) CEPED(IRD-Universite Paris Descartes)Universites Paris Sorbonne CitesERL INSERM SAGESUDParisFrance.

Background:In 2015,following a call for proposals from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),six scoping reviews on the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban areas were *** reviews provided a clear picture of the available knowledge and highlighted knowledge gaps,as well as needs and opportunities for future *** on the research findings of the scoping reviews,a concept mapping exercise was undertaken to produce a list of priority research needs to be ***:Members of the six research teams responsible for the“VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews”(VERDAS)consortium’s scoping reviews met for 2 days with decision-makers from Colombia,Brazil,Peru,Pan-American health Organization,and World health Organization.A total of 11 researchers and seven decision-makers(from ministries of health,city and regional vector control departments,and vector control programs)completed the concept mapping,answering the question:“In view of the knowledge synthesis and your own expertise,what do we still need to know about vector-borne diseases and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban areas?”Participants rated each statement on two scales from 1 to 5,one relative to‘priority’and the other to‘policy relevance’,and grouped statements into clusters based on their own individual criteria and ***:The final map consisted of 12 *** considered those entitled“Equity”,“Technology”,and“Surveillance”to have the highest *** cluster considered the most important concerns equity issues,confirming that these issues are rarely addressed in research on vector-borne *** the other hand,the“Population mobility”and“Collaboration”clusters were considered to be the lowest priority but remained identified by participants as research *** average policy relevance scores for each of the 12 clusters were roughly the same as the priority scores for all ***

关键词： Concept mapping Research priorities Vector-borne diseases Urban areas

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Influence of Trap Construction on Mosquito Capture

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第2期6卷 209-215页

作者： Oldrich Sebesta Juraj Pegko Ivan Gelbi Department of Medical Zoology Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic （ASCR） Kvetna 8 Brno 60365 Czech Republic regional public health Authority of South Moravian Region Jerabkova 4 Brno 60200 Czech Republic Biological centre of ASCR Institute of Entomology Branigovsk6 31 Cesk6 Bud6jovice 3 7005 Czech Republic

During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps with CO2 （dry ice） and baited lard-can traps in which sentinel animals were replaced with a container filled with CO2 （dry ice）. In the observed period, a total of 31,882 female mosquitoes were captured by CDC miniature light traps with CO2. Lard-can traps baited with CO2 captured 995 females under the same conditions, which is just 3.12% of the quantity from the CDC traps. At the same time, there were significant differences in the proportional captures of various species. Compared to CDC miniature light traps, baited lard-can traps much more often captured Aedes cinereus （16.58% of total versus 1.93% in CDC traps）, Culex modestus （15.48% versus 4.62%）, and Ae. rossicus （6.13% versus 2.67%）. On the other hand, capture of female Ae. vexans was proportionally much lower （15.38% versus 36.41%）. Capture of Cx. pipiens was more or less the same 14.77% （miniature light traps） and 15.76% （baited lard-can traps）. The occurrence of the calamity species Ae. sticticus was proportionally very high in both trap types （30.05% in lard-can traps baited with CO2, 33.58% in CDC miniature light traps）. The findings prove that a trap＇s design itself significantly affects not only the overall capture of mosquitoes but also the proportional representation of individual species.

关键词： CDC miniature light traps baited lard-can traps Aedes cinereus Aedes vexans Aedes sticticus Culex modestus Culexpipiens.

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The coverage and challenges of increasing uptake of non-National Immunization Program vaccines in China:a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 19-33页

作者： Mingzhu Jiang Shu Chen Xuanxuan Yan Xiaohua Ying Shenglan Tang School of public health Fudan University130 Dong’an RoadXuhui DistrictShanghai 200032China Australian Research Council centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research(CEPAR) University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Global health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina Singhealth Duke-NUS Global health Institute Duke-NUSSingaporeSingapore Duke Global health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamUSA

Background Non-National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines have played an important role in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in China. However, these vaccines are paid out of pocket and there is room to increase their coverage. We focused on four selected non-NIP vaccines in this study, namely Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and rotavirus vaccine. We aimed to conduct a scoping review of their vaccination rates and the major barriers faced by health systems, providers, and caregivers to increase *** We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched five English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and WHO IRIS) and four Chinese databases using the search strategy developed by the study team. Two independent reviewers screened, selected studies, and examined their quality. We summarized the non-NIP vaccine coverage data by vaccine and applied the 5A framework (Access, Affordability, Acceptance, Awareness, Activation) to chart and analyze barriers to increasing *** A total of 28 articles were included in the analysis (nine pertaining to vaccine coverage, and another 19 reporting challenges of increasing uptake). Among the four selected vaccines, coverage for the Hib vaccine was the highest (54.9-55.9% for 1 dose or more from two meta-analyses) in 2016, while the coverage of the other three vaccines was lower than 30%. Eight of the nine included articles mentioned the regional disparity of coverage, which was lower in under-developing regions. For example, the three-dose Hib vaccination rate in eastern provinces was 38.1%, whereas the rate in central and western provinces was 34.3% and 26.2%, respectively in 2017. Within the 5A framework, acceptance, awareness, and affordability stood out as the most prominent themes. Among the 12 identified

关键词： Non-National Immunization Program vaccines HPV Hib PCV Rotavirus Coverage Uptake Barriers Challenges

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Proposing new indicators for glaucoma healthcare service

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 26-29页

作者： Yuan Bo Liang Ye Zhang David C.Musch Nathan Congdon Clinical and Epidemiological Eye Research Center The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina centre for public health Queens UniversityBelfastUK Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Kellogg Eye Center University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Eye Hospital School of Optometry and OphthalmologyWenzhou Medical CollegeNo.270Xue Yuan Xi RoadWenzhouZhejiang 3250027China

Glaucoma is the first leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide with increasing importance in public *** of glaucoma care quality as well as efficiency would benefit public health assessments,but are *** propose three such ***,the glaucoma coverage rate(GCR),which is the number of people known to have glaucoma divided by the total number of people with glaucoma as estimated from population-based studies multiplied by 100%.Second,the glaucoma detection rate(GDR),which is number of newly diagnosed glaucoma patients in one year divided by the population in a defined area in ***,the glaucoma follow-up adherence rate(GFAR),calculated as the number of patients with glaucoma who visit eye care provider(s)at least once a year over the total number of patients with glaucoma in given eye care provider(s)in a specific *** tracking and reporting these three indicators may help to improve the healthcare system performance at national or regional levels.

关键词： Glaucoma coverage rate Glaucoma detection rate Glaucoma follow-up adherence rate healthcare indicator

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Impacts of aerosol chemical compositions on optical properties in urban Beijing,China

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 155-164页

作者： Ping Tian Guangfu Wang Renjian Zhang Yunfei Wu Peng Yan Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal University Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Key Laboratory of regional Climate-Environment for East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration

The optical properties of aerosols and their chemical composition, including water-soluble ions, organic carbon （OC）, and elemental carbon （EC） in PM2.5 and PM10, were measured from 26 May to 30 June of 2012 at an urban site in Beijing. The daily average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 103.2 and 159.6 μg/m^3, respectively. On average, the OC and EC contributed 20.1% and 4.3%, respectively, to PM2.5 and 16.3% and 3.9%, respectively, to PM10. Secondary ions （SO4^2-, NO3-, and NH4^＋） dominated the water-soluble ions and accounted for 57.9% and 62.6% of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The wind dependence of PM2.5, OC, SO4^2-, and NO3 implied that the pollution sources mainly came from south and southeast of Beijing during the summer. The monthly mean values of the scattering coefficient （σsc） and absorption coefficient （σab） at 525 nm were 312.9 and 28.7 Mm^-1, respectively, and the mean single-scattering albedo （ω） was 0.85. The wind dependence of σsc revealed that this value was mainly influenced by regional transport during the summer, and the relationship between aab and wind indicated that a high crab resulted from the joint effects of local emissions and regional transport. The reconstructed σsc that was derived from the revised IMPROVE equation agreed well with the observations. The contribution of different chemical species to crsc was investigated under different pollution levels, and it was found that secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for a large part of σsc during pollution episodes （35.7%）, while organic matter was the main contributor to σsc under clean conditions （33.6%）.

关键词： Urban aerosol PM2.5 Optical property Chemical composition

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MIND THE GAP: TOWARDS AND BEYOND IMPACT MESSAGING TO ENHANCE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK COMMUNICATION

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2018年第2期7卷 140-151页

作者： PETER OTTO AMISHA MEHTA BROOKE LIU regional Forecasting centre Victorian State Office Bureau of Meteorology QUT Business School Department of Communication & QUT Adjunct Professor University of Maryland

Traditionally, meteorological agencies collect, analyse, and share technical information about natural hazards with emergency services organisations and community members; often sending different warning products to each of these groups. For the general public, effective risk communication requires that technical information be translated to first gain attention and build understanding of risk, and then continue to be exchanged by all parties. The World Meteorological Organization and its partner agencies have recognised this need for translated information by moving away from warnings describing risks solely in terms of meteorological parameters and towards clearer messaging emphasizing significance and potential impacts. While the move towards more relatable weather warning messaging is a positive one, risk communication is a complex, dynamic and interactive process that is highly dependent on audience psychology, knowledge, skills, and capabilities; presenting at once difficulties and opportunities for agencies. Over recent years, advertisers, politicians and public safety advocates have all improved their messaging through the use of big data, psychology, social networking and behavioural economics principles, yet the links between these elements and weather risk communication are still relatively immature. This report aims to build links between weather forecasters, social scientists and related industries by outlining three conceptual models social scientists have developed to meet different challenges in the field of risk communication; the mental models approach, risk information seeking and processing, and the protective action decision making model. Recent issues and successes in the communication of tropical cyclone risk will then be examined and compared to these models, and future opportunities will be discussed.

关键词： risk communication impact-based warnings impact warnings tropical cyclone risk messaging models of risk communication public safety social media

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Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in"hotspot"and"control"areas in Ghana:the importance of vectors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 45-55页

作者： Sellase Pi-Bansa Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong Elizabeth Elhassan Osei Kweku Akuoko David Agyemang Collins Ahorlu Maxwell Alexander Appawu Benjamin Guibehi Koudou Michael David Wilson Dziedzom Komi de Souza Samuel Kweku Dadzie Jurg Utzinger Daniel Adjei Boakye Swiss Tropical and public health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaLegonGhana SightSavers International Ghana OfficeAccraGhana African regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of GhanaLegonGhana Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)programmes for the control of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana,have been ongoing in some endemic districts for 16 *** current study aimed to assess factors that govern the success of MDA programmes for breaking transmission of lymphatic filariasis in ***:The study was undertaken in two"hotspot"districts(Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West)and two control districts(Mpohor and Bongo)in *** were collected and identified using morphological and molecular tools.A proportion of the cibarial armatures of each species was *** were performed onAnopheles gambiae for filarial worm detection.A questionnaire was administered to obtain information on MDA compliance and vector control *** were compared between districts to determine factors that might explain persistent transmission of lymphatic ***:High numbers of mosquitoes were sampled in Ahanta West district compared to Mpohor district(F=16.09,P=0.002).There was no significant difference between the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Kassena Nankana West and Bongo districts(F=2.16,P=0.185).Mansonia species were predominant in Ahanta West *** mosquitoes were prevalent in all *** with infected and infective filarial worms was found only in Ahanta West *** differences were found in cibarial teeth numbers and shape for mosquito species in the surveyed *** MDA coverage was high in all *** average use of bednet and indoor residual spraying was 82.4 and 66.2%,*** was high compliance in the five preceding MDA rounds in Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West districts,both considered hotspots of lymphatic filariasis ***:The study on persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the two areas in Ghana present information that shows the importance of local understanding of factors affecting control and elimination of lymphatic

关键词： Ghana Hotspots Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Microfilariae Systematic non-compliance Vector control

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