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Immuno-haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1 infected adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 29-39页

作者： Henry D Meriki Kukwah A Tufon Mbunkah H Afegenwi Bernard A Nyindem Pascal N Atanga Damian N Anong Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Theresa Nkuo-Akenji Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon BioCollections Worldwide Inc.regional Office BueaCameroon regional delegation of public health Southwest RegionCameroon Faculty of Science Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory University of BueaBueaCameroon

Background:Contemporary data on the immunologic,haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure after initiation of free antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon are needed to evaluate the current treatment-monitoring algorithm and to complement efforts to scale-up and improve on the management of HIV ***:This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and June 2012.A total of 951 participants aged 18-74 years were recruited from selected approved HIV treatment centres of the Northwest and Southwest *** comprised 247 males and 704 ***,self-reported risk behaviours and socioeconomic data were obtained using a structured *** blood and CD4+T-cell counts were done using standard automated *** of viral load(VL)was done using Abbott RealTime HIV-1 m2000™*** was analysed using SPSS version *** statistical significance level was P500 cells/μL *** was present in 26.2%of the participants with 62.3%,25.7%and 12%described as mild,moderate and severe anaemia *** failure occurred in 23.2%of the participants with 12.3%having VL>10,000 RNA copies/*** 76.8%of patients attained adequate viral suppression with 40.8%having undetectable viral *** age group 18-29 years(p=0.024),co-infection with tuberculosis(p=0.014),anaemia(p=0.028)and distance from the treatment centre(p=0.011)independently predicted virologic ***:The majority of the participants achieved adequate viral suppression after≥6 months of *** these favourable immuno-haematologic and virologic outcomes,the National AIDS Control Program should step-up efforts to improve on antir

关键词： Immuno-haematologic Predictors Virologic failure Antiretroviral therapy

Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: A population-based case-control study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 4002-4008页

作者： Helen G Coleman Ronan T Gray Kar W Lau Conall Mc Caughey Peter V Coyle Liam J Murray Brian T Johnston Cancer Epidemiology and health Services Research Group Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast regional Virus Laboratory Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Royal Victoria HospitalBelfast

AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia ***: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia ***: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology.

关键词： Achalasia Risk factors Epidemiology Lifestyle Socio-economic status

health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: Five Years into Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 206-217页

作者： Natalie Wright Lucy Fagan Jostacio MLapitan Ryoma Kayano Jonathan Abrahams Qudsia Huda Virginia Murray Global public health Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK Disaster Risk Management and Resilience Unit Health Security Preparedness DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva 1211Switzerland WHO centre for health Development(WHO Kobe centre) KobeHyogo 651-0073Japan

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes health at the heart of disaster risk management(DRM)at the global policy *** years on,it has catalyzed the rapid development of the field of health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(health EDRM)by providing a mandate for building partnerships as well as enhancing scientific *** milestones achieved include publication of the World health Organization’s health EDRM Framework,development of the WHO Thematic Platform for health EDRM and the WHO health EDRM Research Network,and further application of health information principles to ***,health actors at all levels have continued to engage in the Sendai Framework processes and have had a key role in its implementation and proposed *** have been significant gains made through the partnership of health and DRM,but the relationship has not been without its *** national,regional,and global initiatives continue to operate with a lack of consistency and of linkages to respond to the Sendai Framework’s call for embedding health resilience in DRM,and conversely,embedding DRM in health *** this hurdle is important,and doing so will be a key marker of success of the next 10 years of partnership under the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Data collection Disaster risk management health emergencies Research networks Sendai Framework

Assessment of the usefulness of integrated disease surveillance and response on suspected ebola cases in the Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 168-175页

作者： Kofi Issah Kennedy Nartey Richard Amoah Emmanuel George Bachan Jacob Aleeba Enuamah Yeetey Timothy Letsa Ghana health Service Regional Health DirectorateP.O.Box 145SunyaniBrong Ahafo RegionGhana Kintampo health centre Ghana Health ServiceKintampoBrong Ahafo RegionGhana

Background:This study assessed the quality,core and support functions of the integrated disease surveillance and response(IDSR)system relating to 18 suspected cases of Ebola virus disease(EVD)in the Brong Ahafo Region,***:Data was collected on selected indicators of the surveillance system relating to 18 suspected cases of EVD,from epidemiological week 19 to 45 of *** conducted in-depth interviews with seven medical directors and two district directors of health services,and also reviewed documentation on the implementation of the core,support and quality functions of the IDSR *** also monitored news in the media and rumours about EVD within the community as well as in health facility surveillance ***:The study identified gaps in the implementation of IDSR relating to 18 suspected cases of *** staff heavily relied on haemorrhage as the only symptom for detection of suspected EVD *** blood samples and a swab of secretions from the mouth of the thirteenth patient(who died)tested negative for EVD using PCR assay in laboratory *** blood samples of three patients were discarded,as they did not fit the case definition for suspected cases,whilst two refused for their blood samples to be *** community-based surveillance(CBS)system has not been given a prominent role in EVD surveillance and response,as demonstrated by CBS volunteers and health staff not receiving any training in these *** was intense public interest in EVD in August and September *** interest has since waned for reasons that have to be formally *** fear of and anxiety about EVD still remain challenges due to a lack of in-depth knowledge about the disease in ***:Ghana has been one of the pioneers in the implementation of IDSR in *** this,gaps have been identified in the implementation of IDSR relating to EVD in the Brong Ahafo *** address these gaps,the CBS system has to activ

关键词： Ebola Disease surveillance Brong Ahafo Ghana

Review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in Zambia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第2期3卷 89-94页

作者： Freddie Masaninga Emmanuel Chanda Pascalina Chanda-Kapata Busiku Hamainza Hieronymo T Masendu Mulakwa Kamuliwo Wambinji Kapelwa John Chimumbwa John Govere Mac Otten Ibrahima Soce Fall Olusegun Babaniyi World health Organization(WHO) Country Office National Mataria Control centre(NMCC) Ministry of health HQ Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Zimbabwe Abt Associates Inc. Management Science for health Chemonics International Malawi Indoor Residual Spraying LLC Inc public health International WHO regional Office for Africa

A comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in Zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria *** review considered data from the National health Information Management System,Malaria Surveys and Programme Review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all *** showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria reduction(66%)in in-patient cases and deaths,particularly between *** changes occurred following the(re-)introduction and expansion of indoor residual spraying up to 90%coverage,scale-up of coverage of long-lasting insecticidetreated nets in household from 50%to 70%,and artemisin-based combination therapy ***,malaria cases and deaths re-surged,increasing in 2009-2010 in the northern-eastern parts of *** in the disbursement of funds affected the implementation of interventions,which resulted in resurgence of cases and *** spite of a decline in malaria disease burden over the past decade in Zambia,a reversal in impact is notable in the year 2009-2010,signifying that control gains are fragile and must be sustained toeliminate malaria.

关键词： Malaria Epidemiology Trends Zambia

Danish cohort of monozygotic inflammatory bowel disease twins: Clinical characteristics and inflammatory activity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第21期22卷 5050-5059页

作者： Frederik Trier Moller Lina Knudsen Marcus Harbord Jack Satsangi Hannah Gordon Lene Christiansen Kaare Christensen Tine Jess Vibeke Andersen Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostics Hospital of Southern Jutland Institute of regional health Research University of Southern Denmark Division of Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance Statens Serum Institut Department of Gastro-enterology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital centre for Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital Danish Ageing Research centre Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine University of Aalborg

AIM: To describe the establishment of a Danish inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) twin cohort with focus on concordance of treatment and inflammatory ***: We identified MZ twins, likely to be discordant or concordant for IBD, by merging information from the Danish Twin Register and the National Patient Register. The twins were asked to provide biological samples, questionnaires, and data access to patient files and public registries. Biological samples were collected via a mobile laboratory, which allowed for immediate centrifugation, fractionation, and storage of samples. The mean time from collection of samples to storage in the -80 °C mobile freezer was less than one hour. The diagnoses where validated using the Copenhagen diagnostic ***: We identified 159 MZ IBD twin pairs, in a total of 62 (39%) pairs both twins agreed to participate. Of the supposed 62 IBD pairs, the IBD diagnosis could be confirmed in 54 pairs. The cohort included 10 concordant pairs, whereof some were discordant for either treatment or surgery. The 10 concordant pairs, where both pairs suffered from IBD, included eight CD/CD pairs, one UC/UC pair and one UC/IBDU pair. The discordant pairs comprised 31 UC, 5 IBDU (IBD unclassified), and 8 CD discordant pairs. In the co-twins not affected by IBD, calprotectin was above 100 μg/g in 2 participants, and above 50 μg/g in a further 5 ***: The presented IBD twin cohorts are an excellent resource for bioinformatics studies with proper adjustment for disease-associated exposures including medication and inflammatory activity in the co-twins.

关键词： Digestive system diseases Inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn’ s disease Ulcerative colitis Epidemiologic studies Twins Biobank

Preventive strategies to innovate Japanese encephalitis control in eastern Uttar Pradesh: Accelerating towards zero incidence

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第4期16卷 145-147页

作者： Neha Srivastava Rohit Beniwal Brij Ranjan Misra Umaer Alam Hirawati Deval Rajni Kant ICMR-regional Medical Research centre GorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia

Japanese Encephalitis(JE)is a zoonotic mosquito-borne viral disease that primarily affects young children under the age of 15[1].Annually,there are more than 50000 clinical cases and JE causes over 10000 fatalities globally[1].In Japan,South Korea,China and Thailand,where it is now under control or almost entirely eradicated,the disease was initially noted to have a high incidence[1].Later,it expanded to Nepal and India,becoming a serious public health issue in rural regions[1].JE is a flavivirus-based neglected tropical disease that is spread by culicine mosquitoes of the Culex(Cx.)tritaeniorhynchus and *** species[2].

关键词： entirely neglected expanded

Making Family Planning Services Relevant to Adolescents: Perspectives from Rural Communities in Central Ghana

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第11期4卷 852-859页

作者： Yeetey Enuameh Charlotte Tawiah Samuel Afari-Asiedu Obed Ernest A. Nettey Abubakari Sulemana Emmanuel Mahama George Adjei Ellen Boamah Alex Manu Stephanie Gyaase Charles Zandoh Nelson Amanfo Kwaku Poku Asante Timothy Letsa Seth Owusu-Agyei Kintampo health Research centre (KHRC) Kintampo Ghana Drexel University School of public health Philadelphia USA regional health Directorate Ghana Health Service Sunyani Ghana

In lower middle-income countries like Ghana, it is common to find low contraceptive use among adolescents with corresponding high pregnancy outcomes. Evidence points to the fact that the use of contraceptives prevents maternal, neonatal and infant deaths, but in most lower middle-income countries, socio-cultural practices inhibit adolescents’ use. Ensuring the uptake of family planning among adolescents is deemed a necessary means of reducing maternal, neonatal and infant mor-tality. This manuscript seeks to provide contextually relevant approaches to satisfying family planning needs of adolescents in a population lacking it. We employed a qualitative study design from an interpretive paradigm with phenomenology as the methodology to understand societal attitudes towards family planning delivery to adolescents, so as to arrive at contextually appro-priate ways of providing family planning to this needy group. Focused group discussions and in-depth interviews techniques were used in data collection among adolescents, relevant commu-nity opinion leaders and family planning & health services providers. Themes that emerged from data analysis with respect to “perspectives on family planning care delivery to adolescents” and “best ways in addressing adolescents’ family planning needs” are presented, followed by discussion of the issues emerging. A significant and encouraging finding of the study was that opinion leaders and healthcare providers viewed family planning as a means of protecting adolescents against pregnancies and their complications. A key recommendation is for policy makers and political leaders to enact legislations that enable adolescents to have friendly family planning service delivery in all places and at all times.

关键词： Adolescents Young People Family Planning Kintampo Ghana

Association of early follow-up visits with reduced hospital readmissions of newborns: a French population-based data-linkage study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第11期20卷 1138-1144页

作者： Camille Ravel Marion Nimal Steve Nauleau David Lapalus Olivier Bernard Elise Gras Sophie Tardieu Farid Boubred APHM Hospital University La ConceptionNeonatal UnitService de Médecine Néonatale147 Boulevard Baille13005MarseilleFrance regional health Agency Provence-Alpes-Cote d’AzurFrance APHM Public Health and Medical Information DepartmentEA 3279CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life CentreMarseilleFrance Aix-Marseille University INSERMINRAEC2VNMarseilleFrance

Background Newborn care guidelines recommend assessments within a week of discharge from maternity ***,the optimal timing and effectiveness to prevent neonatal hospital readmission are *** study aimed to determine the association between early follow-up visits(EFVs)within three days of postpartum discharge and hospital readmission of newborns up to 15 days of *** This population-based data-linkage study used data from the French National health Care Database.“healthy”singleton term infants with a gestational age(GA)of≥36 weeks,born between January 1,2017,and November 30,2018,in Southern France,were included.A multivariate regression analysis was *** Among the 67,359 included infants,1519(2.25%)were *** principal causes of hospitalization were infectious diseases(42.4%)and jaundice or growth/nutrition disorders(36.1%).Hospitalized infants were more likely to be born to young and socioeconomically deprived mothers,to be male(54.4%vs.50.6%,Phealth and reduce healthcare costs.

关键词： Breastfeeding Bronchiolitis Neonatal jaundice Postpartum discharge Socioeconomic status