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Tobacco p.o.uction Baseline Survey in Serengeti, Tarime and Rorya Districts, Mara Region

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第4期2卷 471-481页

作者： Nicholaus Musimu Kuboja Asheri Mwamba Kalala Jacob Bulenga Lisuma Mariam Mrutu Tumbi-Agricultural Research and Development Institute P.O. Box 306 Tabora Tanzania Tobacco Research Institute of Tanzania （ToRITA） P.O. Box 431 Tabora Tanzania Tabora regional Cathment Forest office P.O. Box 1285 Tabora Tanzania

Using 2009/2010 cropping season survey data from 181 randomly selected smallholder tobacco farmers, this study p.o.ides baseline information on tobacco farming in Mara region. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were emp.o.ed in data analysis. Result indicates that farmers adopted tobacco farming from tobacco farmers in Kenya. Drought and inadequate supply of inputs were identified as the major p.o.uction constraints. others were incidence of pests and diseases, shortage of fire woods, p.o. extension services and hailstones. Low selling price and contradicting grading systems were the major tobacco marketing constraints. The study also revealed that access to extension services was similar across study districts with over 65.7% of the respondents accessing technical expertise mainly from Alliance one Tanzania emp.o.ees. Given the positive and negative impacts of tobacco farming, majority of the respondents （95.6%） still were willing to p.o.eed with tobacco farming as their main source of income. However, watermelon, maize and sunflower were ranked as first priority alternative cash crops to tobacco in Serengeti, Tarime and Rorya districts, respectively. This study concludes that tobacco farming still is the main household income source; hence, more investment is required to ensure sustainable economic develooment of rural communities in Mara reeion.

关键词： Baseline marketing p.o.uction tobacco.

Immuno-haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1 infected adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2014年第1期3卷 29-39页

作者： Henry D Meriki Kukwah A Tufon Mbunkah H Afegenwi Bernard A Nyindem pascal N Atanga Damian N Anong Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Theresa Nkuo-Akenji Department of Microbiology and parasitology University of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon BioCollections Worldwide Inc.regional office BueaCameroon regional Delegation of public Health Southwest RegionCameroon Faculty of Science Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory University of BueaBueaCameroon

Background:Contemporary data on the immunologic,haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure after initiation of free antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon are needed to evaluate the current treatment-monitoring algorithm and to complement efforts to scale-up and imp.o.e on the management of HIV ***:This was a cross-sectional study conducted between october 2010 and June 2012.A total of 951 participants aged 18-74 years were recruited from selected app.o.ed HIV treatment centres of the Northwest and Southwest *** comprised 247 males and 704 ***,self-reported risk behaviours and socioeconomic data were obtained using a structured *** blood and CD4+T-cell counts were done using standard automated *** of viral load(VL)was done using Abbott RealTime HIV-1 m2000™*** was analysed using SpSS version *** statistical significance level was pon of antiretroviral therapy(ART)was 24 *** population mean CD4+T-cell count was 255.3 cells/μL[95%CI,236.8-273.9].overall,45.9%,43.8%and 10.2%of the participants had CD4+T-cell counts of500 cells/μL *** was present in 26.2%of the participants with 62.3%,25.7%and 12%described as mild,moderate and severe anaemia *** failure occurred in 23.2%of the participants with 12.3%having VL>10,000 RNA copies/*** 76.8%of patients attained adequate viral suppression with 40.8%having undetectable viral *** age group 18-29 years(p=0.024),co-infection with tuberculosis(p=0.014),anaemia(p=0.028)and distance from the treatment centre(p=0.011)independently predicted virologic ***:The majority of the participants achieved adequate viral suppression after≥6 months of *** these favourable immuno-haematologic and virologic outcomes,the National AIDS Control p.o.ram should step-up efforts to imp.o.e on antir

关键词： Immuno-haematologic predictors Virologic failure Antiretroviral therapy

Red sandalwood(pterocarpus santalinus L. f.): biology,importance, p.o.agation and microp.o.agation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 745-754页

作者： Jaime A.Teixeira da Silva Mafatlal M.Kher Deepak Soner M.Nataraj p. o. box 7 Miki-cho post officeIkenobe 3011-2 Kagawa-ken 761-0799Japan p.G.Department of Biosciences Sardar Patel UniversitySardar Patel MaidanVadtal Rd.P.O.Box 39 Vallabh VidyanagarGujarat 388120India Resonance Plot No-21/5Near Regional Science CentreAcharya ViharBhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

pterocarpus santalinus L. f.(Fabaceae;red sanders) is prized for its wood whose colour and fragrance is due to the presence of santalins that have pharmaceutical and industrial uses. Red sanders is listed as an endangered plant species on the IUCN red data list as a result of the exp.o.tation of its wood and essential oil. This review emphasizes the pollination biology, seed germination, vegetative p.o.agation and microp.o.agation of p. santalinus. Excessive use of p. santalinus has also caused the emergence of various adulterants, so accurate identification is essential.

关键词： Conservation Fabaceae IUCN red data list Medicinal plant Microp.o.agation Red sanders

Climate change risk,resilience,and adaptation among rural farmers in East Africa:A literature review

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regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 185-193页

作者： Tobias ACKERL Lemlem Fitwi WELDEMARIAM Mary NYASIMI Ayansina AYANLADE Department of Geography and regional Research University of ViennaVienna1010Austria Haramaya University Dire DawaP.O.Box 103Ethiopia United Nations Educational Scientificand Cultural Organization(UNESCO)Regional Office in Eastern AfricaUnited Nations AveNairobiKenya Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220101Nigeria

This study assesses the literature evidence on climate change risk,resilience,and adaptation measures used among rural farmers in East Africa.A systematic literature review was conducted comprising 30 papers from the Web of Science database published during *** results of the literature review showed that climate change risks have direct impacts on agricultural practices,limit rural farmers’resilience,and exacerbate their food *** most p.o.inent risks are increasingly shorter wet seasons and heat stress,which lead to droughts and food p.o.uction *** to climate risks,farmers in East Africa adopt various adaptation strategies such as mixed-and inter-cropping,conservation tillage,early planting,crop diversification,***,this review summarizes the determinants of climate change adaptation strategy selection by farmers in East Africa,including age,gender,household size,economic status and household assets,landownership and livestock,education and training,***,the choice of adaptation strategies to climate change is strongly determined by the gender of household heads,the results of gender as a determinant of adaptation differ greatly between different case *** female-headed households(FHHs)tend to perceive changes in temperature more readily than male-headed households(MHHs),the latter are generally more likely to adopt different adaptation *** the resilience and adaptation measures used by rural farmers in East Africa now,imp.o.ed weather forecasting and early warning systems are needed as a better direction towards the future.

关键词： Climate change Cliamte risk Adaptation Agriculture Resilience Farmer East Africa

EVALUATIoN oF TEN SWEET poTATo CLoNES FoR RESISTANCE To ALTERNARIA LEAF pETIoLE AND STEM BLIGHT oF SWEET poTATo IN UGANDA

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EVALUATION OF TEN SWEET POTATO CLONES FOR RESISTANCE TO ALTE...

The ⅩⅤth International plant p.o.ection Congress

作者： M.oSIRU E.ADIpALA M.o.oLANYA B.LEMAGA Department of Crop Science Makerere University P.O.Box 7062 Kampala Uganda Department of Crop Science Makerere University P.O.Box 7062 Kampala Uganda International potato Center Sub-Saharan African Regional Office P.O.Box 25171 Nairobi Kenya regional Network for Imp.o.ement of potato and Sweet potato in East and Central Africa P.O.Box 22274 Kampala Uganda

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云南西双版纳棕榈藤的民俗和经营方式

世界竹藤通讯 2005年第3期3卷 11-17页

作者： Wang Kanglin, L. T. Hong and V. Ramanatha Rao (Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences. Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China) (International plant Genetic Resources Institute, regional office for Asia, the pacific and oceania, p.o. box 236, UpM post office, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia) The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Botany regional office for Asia the Pacific and OceaniaP.O. Box 236 UPM Post Office

经验表明:在当地的水平上,自然资源的可持续发展没有使当地的群落完全投入以及本地人们的参与。云南的西双版纳,在资源的可持续和保护的基础上,当地人与自然资源和生存环境建立了非常紧密的关系。植物的遗传多样性,如棕榈藤的管理是通... 详细信息

经验表明:在当地的水平上,自然资源的可持续发展没有使当地的群落完全投入以及本地人们的参与。云南的西双版纳,在资源的可持续和保护的基础上,当地人与自然资源和生存环境建立了非常紧密的关系。植物的遗传多样性,如棕榈藤的管理是通过农业和林业的方式在当地的群落中实施,如民间传统的桑帕巴哇(村社藤类保护林)和旱谷地-藤园(轮歇地棕榈藤传统栽培体系)。

关键词：棕榈藤民俗经营方式云南中国西双版纳棕榈藤经营方式云南可持续发展民俗自然资源遗传多样性栽培体系

Measuring and simulating maize (Zea mays L.) yield responses to reduced tillage and mulching under semi-arid conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 167-174页

作者： Walter Mupangwa John Dimes Sue Walker Stephen Twomlow CIMMYT regional office P O Box MP 163 Mount Pleasant Harare Zimbabwe CRISAT Matopos Research Station Bulawayo Zimbabwe Department of Soil Crop and Climate Sciences University of Free State Bloemfontein South Africa

Rainfed smallholder agriculture in semi-arid environments of sub-Saharan Africa faces many challenges. p.o.uctivity of the smallholder agricultural systems has been on the decline in recent years. Conservation agriculture practices have a potential of steering the smallholder agricultural systems of sub-Saharan Africa to greater and more sustainable levels. This study was designed to calibrate the ApSIM model so that it could be used as a tool for understanding the long term impact of conservation agriculture techniques (mulching, tine ripping and planting basins) on the p.o.uctivity of smallholder systems under semi-arid conditions. The ApSIM model predicted reasonably well the seasonal and mulching effects on maize p.o.uction on sand and clay soils. Under these semi-arid conditions the use of 10 ***–1 is preferable under both conventional and basin tillage systems. planting basins offer a better chance of getting maize grain yield than the conventional system in southern Zimbabwe at N quantities ranging from 0 ***–1 to 52 ***–1. This modelling exercise suggested that smallholder farmers are still p.o.e to complete crop failure in some years despite the use of available conservation agriculture systems.

关键词： Nitrogen-Modelling-planting Basins-Semi Arid-Variable Rainfall-Zimbabwe

Malaria control along China-Myanmar Border during 2007–2013: an integrated impact evaluation

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2016年第1期5卷 680-690页

作者： Jian-Wei Xu Yong Li Heng-Lin Yang Jun Zhang Zai-Xing Zhang Ya-Ming Yang Hong-Ning Zhou Joshua Havumaki Hua-Xian Li Hui Liu Hua Zhou Xin-Yu Xie Jia-Xiang Dong Yue Zhang Xiao-Ying Sun Bo Li Jia-Yin Li Yang-Hui Tian pi-Yu Wang Ben-Fu Li Yunnan Institute of parasitic Diseases Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria ResearchYunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and ControlYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and ResearchPuer 665000China Yunnan p.o.incial Health and Family planning Commission Kunming 650200People’s Republic of China Yunnan office of Health poverty Action Kunming 650041People’s Republic of China World Health organization regional office for the Western pacific P.O.Box 29321000 ManilaPhilippines Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics 1216 CointrinGenevaSwitzerland

Background:Implementing effective interventions remain a lot of difficulties along all border *** emergence of artemisinin resistance of plasmodium falciparum strains in the Greater Mekong Subregion is a matter of great *** has effectively controlled cross-border transmission of malaria and artemisinin resistance of *** along the China-Myanmar ***:A combined quantitative and qualitative study was used to collect data,and then an integrated impact evaluation was conducted to malaria control along the China-Myanmar border during ***:The parasite prevalence rate(ppR)in the five special regions of Myanmar was decreased from 13.6%in March 2008 to 1.5%in November *** with the baseline(ppR in March 2008),the risk ratio was only 0.11[95%confidence interval(CI),0.09-0.14]in November 2013,which is equal to an 89%reduction in the malaria *** parasite incidence(ApI)across 19 Chinese border counties was reduced from 19.6 per 10000 person-years in 2006 to 0.9 per 10000 person-years in *** with the baseline(ApI in 2006),the ApI rate ratio was only 0.05(95%CI,0.04-0.05)in 2013,which equates to a reduction of the malaria burden by 95.0%.Meanwhile,the health service system was strengthened and health inequity of marginalized populations reduced along the international ***:The effective collaboration between China,Myanmar and the international non-governmental organization p.o.ptly carried out the core interventions through simplified *** integrated app.o.ches dramatically decreased malaria burden of Chinese-Myanmar border.

关键词： Border malaria Control Artemisinin resistance China-Myanmar border

Cross-reaction of poC-CCA urine test for detection of Schistosoma mekongi in Lao pDR: a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2020年第4期9卷 66-74页

作者： Anousin Homsana peter odermatt p.o.esavanh Southisavath Aya Yajima Somp.o. Sayasone Lao Tropical and public Health Institute Ministry of HealthVientiane CapitalLao People's Democratic Republic Department of Epidemiology and public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Department of Radiology Mahosot HospitalMinistry of HealthVientiane CapitalLao People's Democratic Republic World Health organization Western Pacific Regional OfficeManilaPhilippines

Background:The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen(poC-CCA)test is increasingly used as a rapid diagnostic method for Schistosoma mansoni *** test has good sensitivity,although false positive results have been reported among pregnant women and patients with urine infections and *** validated the poC-CCA test's ability to diagnose Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao p.o.le's Democratic Republic(Lao pDR),where *** is *** particular interest was the test's specificity and possible cross-reactivity with other helminth ***:We conducted a cross-sectional study of children and adults in the p.o.inces of Champasack(Schistosoma mekongi and opisthorchis viverrini endemic),Savannakhet(*** endemic)and Luang prabang(soil-transmitted helminths endemic)between october 2018 and April ***-CCA and urine dipstick tests were administered to all study participants,while an additional pregnancy test was offered to *** stool samples were collected from participants and examined with a Kato-Katz test(two smears per stool).Logistic regression was used to associate potential confounding factors(predictors)with poC-CCA test results(outcome).Results:In ***-endemic Champasack,11.5%(n=366)and 0.5%(n=2)of study participants had positive poC-CCA and Kato-Katz test results,*** one of the two Kato-Katz positive patients was also poC-CCA *** Champasack and Luang prabang,where *** is not endemic,the poC-CCA test yielded(presumably)false positive results for 6.0%(n=22)and 2.5%(n=9)of study participants,respectively,while all of the Kato-Katz tests were ***-CCA positive test results were significantly associated with *** infection(1.69,95%confidence interval(CI):1.02-2.77,p=0.042),increased leukocytes(adjusted odds Ratio(aoR)=1.58,95%CI:1.15-2.17,p=0.005)and hematuria(aoR=1.50,95%CI:1.07-2.10,p=0.019)if the observed trace was counted as a positive test *** pregnant women f

关键词： point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Lao p.o.le's Democratic Republic Kato-Katz Schistosoma mekongi opisthorchis viverrini Soil-transmitted helminth