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Correlates of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Antenatal Clinic Attendees of Volta regional hospital, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2019年第7期9卷 573-586页

作者： Joseph Otoo Paschal Kofi Dah Ernest Yeboah Boateng Daniel A. Abaye Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Supercare Specialist hospital Ho Ghana School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health problem. With about 380 million chronic carriers of the HBV virus, there are over two million global deaths annually. Ghana is among the high endemic countries in Africa, with HBV prevalence ranging from 4.8% to 12.3% in the general population, 10.8% to 12.7% in blood donors and about 10.6% in antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees. The main objectives of this study were to test how socioeconomic factors, risky behaviors, knowledge and awareness of HBV infection correlate with actual HBV status among antenatal clinic attendees and to determine the predictors of HBV testing among ANC attendees. The study employed random sampling technique to sample 500 pregnant women, at mothers’ clinic of Volta regional hospital, Ho, Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, Hepatitis B status, possible risk factors, awareness and knowledge levels of HBV infection. Cross tabulation and the chi-square (χ2) statistic were used to determine statistical independence or association of study variables. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to test for the differences in HBV knowledge scores across HBV status and levels of HBV awareness;and the binomial regression model was used to determine the predictors of HBV testing among ANC attendees. It is evident that age, religion, ethnicity, educational level, blood transfusion, number of blood transfusions, gravidity, parity, awareness of HBV and monthly income were associated with HBV status. Results of the Binomial Logistic Regression model indicate that Age (p = 0.03), Education level (p = 0.04), Religion (p = 0.04), Ethnicity (p = 0.00) and Blood transfusion (p = 0.04) were significant (p 0.05) predictors of HBV testing. Knowledge of HBV status enables patients to seek early treatment, facilitates referral for social support and counseling. We recommend that the Ministry of Health should carry effective education on HBV and its preven

关键词： Binomial Logistic Regression Hepatitis B Virus Infection Antenatal Clinic Attendees

Respiratory Complications of Measles in the Pediatric Ward of the regional hospital of Kindia/Guinea

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 727-733页

作者： Mohamed Lamine Diallo Mamadou Ciré Barry Fatoumata Binta Diallo Kaba Bangoura Hessou Agossi Nouvidomé Chimène Telly Sy Urgences Pédiatriques Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Service de Pédiatrie H&#244pital National Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea Service de Pédiatrie Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Service de Pédiatrie H&#244pital Régional de Kindia Kindia Guinea Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Hopital National Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus belonging to the morbillivirus genus, the measles morbillivirus species and the Paramyxoviridae families. The aim was to study respiratory complications due to measles in children aged 1 to 15 in the pediatric ward of the Kindia regional hospital. Materials and Methods: A transversal descriptive study was carried out in the pediatrics department of the Kindia regional hospital from October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020, on children aged 1 to 15 years hospitalized for measles with respiratory complications. Results: 53 cases of measles were recorded, i.e. 11.71% of hospital pathologies including 32 cases of respiratory complications, i.e. 60.38% with an M/F sex ratio of 1.66, male predominance of 62.5%, and a mean age of 4.10 ± 2.8 years. The outcome was favorable in 90.62% of our patients. The mortality was 9.38% with an average hospital stay of 6.8 ± 3.04 days. Conclusion: The respiratory complication of measles is a serious pathology due to the risk of mortality that it can cause, a consultation followed by rapid treatment can contribute to a reduction in complications and a faster cure.

关键词： Measles Respiratory Complication Child Kindia

Treatment of distal femur fractures in a regional Australian hospital

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第3期5卷 379-385页

作者： Ewan Batchelor Clare Heal J Kimberly Haladyn Herwig Drobetz Department of General Practice and Rural Medicine James Cook University School of Medicine and DentistryLevel 1Building KMackay Base HospitalMackay QLD 4740Australia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mackay Base HospitalMackay QLD 4740Australia

AIM:To review our outcomes and compare the results of the Less Invasive Stabilization System(LISS)to other implants for distal femur fracture management at a regional Australian ***:The LISS is a novel implant for the management of distal femur *** is,however,technically demanding and treatment results have not yet been assessed outside tertiary ***-seven patients with 28 distal femur fractures who had been managed surgically at the Mackay Base hospital from January 2004 to December 2010 were retrospectively enrolled and assessed clinically and *** were union,pain,Lysholm score,knee range of motion,and complication ***:Twenty fractures were managed with the LISS and eight fractures were managed with alternative *** of the surgical techniques re-vealed that 11 fractures managed with the LISS were performed according to the recommended principles(LISS-R)and 9 were not(LISS-N).Union occurred in67.9%of fractures overall:9/11(82%)in the LISS-R group vs 5/9(56%)in the LISS-N group and 5/8(62.5%)in the alternative implant *** was no statistically significant difference between pain,Lysholm score,and complication rates between the ***,there was a trend towards the LISS-R group having superior outcomes which were clinically *** was a statistically significant greater range of median knee flexion in the LISS-R group with compared to the LISS-N group(P=0.0143)and compared with the alternative implant group(P=0.0454).CONCLUSION:The trends towards the benefits of the LISS procedure when correctly applied would suggest that not only should the LISS procedure be performed for distal femur fractures,but the correct principle of insertion is important in improving the patient’s outcome.

关键词： Distal femur fracture Less Invasive Stabilization System Locking plates Retrospective Operative technique

Epidemiological Pattern of Closed Femoral Shaft Fractures in a regional Tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第5期7卷 180-188页

作者： E. C. Iyidobi R. T. Ekwunife U. M. Enweani C. U. Nwadinigwe I. C. Okwesili H. C. Ekwedigwe National Orthopedic hospital Enugu Nigeria City Specialist hospital Enugu Nigeria College of Medicine University of Nigeria Eungu Campus Enugu State University Teaching hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria

Background: The femur is the longest and strongest tubular bone in the human body. The femoral shaft is the portion of the bone between 5 cm distal to the lesser trochanter and 6 cm proximal to the most distal point of the medial femoral condyle. Femoral shaft fractures often result from high energy forces. These fractures occur mostly among young adults. Objective: This was to determine the epidemiological pattern of closed femoral shaft fractures in a regional tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Method: The study was a prospective study over a 12 month period (June 2015-May 2016) at National Orthopaedic hospital, Enugu. Following ethical approval and written informed consent, patients were consecutively recruited. The patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at presentation. The diagnosis of closed femoral shaft fractures were made from the physical examination finding of absent open wound communicating with the fracture hematoma in the thigh and anteroposterior (AP) and lateral x-rays of the affected thigh confirming the fracture pattern. The data collected included patients’ demographics, the cause of injury, the side of injury and anatomic site of the injury among other parameters. The data were collected using well designed and structured proforma. Results: A total of 52 femoral shaft fractures in 50 patients were included and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The age range of the patients is 18 - 85 years with a median age of 39.1 ± 14.9 years. The most commonly affected age group is 21 - 30 years. There was male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Majority of the fractures (76.9%) resulted from road traffic crashes most commonly following motor vehicular accident (36.5%). Majority of the fractures (92.3%) are unilateral with right side to left side ratio of 1.2:1. Majority of the patients (51.9%) had Winquist Hansen grade III type of fracture. The most common associated injury is fractures of tibia/fibula followed by fracture

关键词： Epidemiology Closed Femoral Shaft Fracture

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Evolutionary Profile of Children Admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Maroua regional hospital, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 878-888页

作者： Soureya Haman Kamo Selangaï Héléne Enyama Dominique Abouame Palma Haoua Salihou Sadjo Mekone Nkwele Isabelle Nguefack Félicitée Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Garoua General hospital Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: Pediatric emergencies in developing countries are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Maroua regional hospital (MRH) is one of the referral centers for pediatric emergencies in the Far north region of Cameroon. Pediatric emergencies are frequent in Maroua and are associated with significant mortality. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary profile of children admitted to the pediatric emergency department of the HRM. Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study over a period from April 10, 2023 to April 10, 2024, focusing on the records of patients admitted to the pediatric emergency department of the MRH. The variables studied included epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics. Data analysis was performed using CSPro version 8.01 and SPSS version 27.0. Results: We included 1027 patients;the sex ratio was 1.2 infants under 2 years represented 54.33%. The main reasons for consultation were fever (62.22%) and seizures (30.18%). The most frequently prescribed additional test was the Complete Blood Count (CBC), performed in 97.37% of cases. The most common pathologies were severe malaria (45.18%), broncho-pulmonary infections (15.48%), and bacterial meningitis (12.26%). At admission, 32.9% were transfused. There were 68 deaths, representing 6.67%, and 86% of the deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. The leading cause of death was severe malaria, with 28 (41.17%) cases. Conclusion: Febrile illnesses were the main reason for consultation, and mortality was linked to severe malaria. Therefore, in addition to the other preventive methods already used against malaria, it is recommended to consider the use of the malaria vaccine.

关键词： Pediatric Emergencies Malaria Cameroon

Neonatal and Young Infant Sepsis in a regional hospital in Ghana

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第2期11卷 281-300页

作者： Innocent Afeke Misa Hirose Kokou Hefoume Amegan-Aho Christoph Haertel Mareike Becker Ahmed Moustafa Paul Schilf Mohamed Tarek Badr Graceful Lord Mensah Hintermann Kobina Mbroh Jan Rupp Saleh Ibrahim Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Paediatrics School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Würzburg University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany Department of Biology Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Laboratory American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Medical Center-University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany Department of Paediatrics Ho Teaching Hospital Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ho Teaching Hospital Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a global health problem that mainly affects low- and middle-income countries. We have previously shown that early neonatal mortality is high at the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH) of Ghana. We sought to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, sepsis-related mortality, and bacterial species patterns in neonatal and young infant sepsis in this hospital. Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted in the hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from March to June 2018. Blood samples from 96 babies clinically diagnosed with or at risk of sepsis were cultured using the BACTEC 9050® machine. Clinical data including gravida, parity and antibiotic medication before delivery of mother and delivery type, gestation, birth weight and antibiotic medication status were collected for analysis. MALDI-TOF MS identified bacterial isolates, and their identities were confirmed via tuf gene sequence typing. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Results: Blood cultures were positive in 28 of the babies, with 14 and 12 representing early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis, respectively, and two cases of unknown sepsis type. Of the bacterial species that caused sepsis in the babies, coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS)

关键词： Neonatal Sepsis Neonatal Mortality Healthcare-Associated Infections Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Ho Teaching hospital of Ghana

Dosimetric Evaluation of the Scanning Activity at the regional hospital of Kaolack (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2021年第3期11卷 351-358页

作者： B. Ndong M. S. Djigo G. Akpo E. A. L. Bathily O. Diop A. R. Sanou A. K. Koutouan N. F. Badji F. Badji J. Wezzani K. Ka I. Thiam G. Mbaye O. Ndoye M. Mbodj E. H. Niang Biophysics Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University FMPO Dakar Senegal Radiology and Medical Imaging Department of Aristide Le Dantec University hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Biophysics Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine UFR Medical Sciences University Félix-Houphouet Boigny Cocody Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Radiothérapy Department of the National hospital University Center Dalal Jamm Guédiaway Dakar Sénégal Physics Pharmaceutical Laboratory Cheikh Anta Diop University FMPO Dakar Senegal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose delivered to patients during scannographic examinations at the Kaolack regional hospital (one of the 14 regions of Senegal located in the center-west of the country, 192 km from Dakar) and to compare these irradiation doses at diagnostic reference levels found in the literature in order to optimize our scanning protocols. To achieve this goal, we carried out a prospective study involving 218 CT scans. These examinations focused on cerebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic and lumbar spine acquisitions made in adults and cerebral only in children. We compared the median values of dosimetric indicators (CTDIvol and DLP) per acquisition with NRDs in the literature. During the course of this study, we found a dosimetric ratio lower than that of the NRDs for thoracic, abdomino-pelvic and lumbar spine CT scans in adults and a significant dosimetric exceedance for brain scans in adults and in children. These results encourage us to extend these dosimetric evaluations to other hospital structures in order to establish rigorous monitoring of dosimetric indicators and to respect the principles of radiation protection and good practice.

关键词： Dosimetry CT DRL Senegal

Comparative Study of the Impact of Climate Variability on Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis： Cases at Sunyani regional hospital and among School Children in Atronie, Sunyani

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第11期5卷 1474-1482页

作者： S.C.K. Tay L.K. Amekudzi G. Tagoe School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology （KNUST） Kumasi 1908 Ghana Meteorology and Climate Science Unit Department of Physics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology （KNUST）Kumasi 1908 Ghana Laboratory Department Kumasi South Hospital Kumasi 1908 Ghana

A study has been conducted to determine the impact of climate variability on Schistosoma haematobium infection among patients and school children in Sunyani between 2006 and 2009. Urine samples from the subjects were collected and examined in the laboratory using the Filteration technique for the detection and quantification ofSchistosoma haematobium eggs. The prevalence rate of urinary schistosomiasis at the Sunyani regional hospital for 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were found to be 0.24%, 0.55%, 0.55% and 0.75% respectively while that for Methodist Junior High School in 2008 and 2009 were 60.1% and 60.3% respectively. A decrease in the relative humidity and average annual rainfall were identified as factors contributory to the increase in urinary schistosomiasis prevalence rate. The temperature values obtained throughout the study period did not have any significant effect on the prevalence rate. The temperature values, however, were those that enhanced cercarial incubation （15-35 ℃） with a resultant increase in shedding of cercariae leading to more infections among water contacts. The infection rate due to the stream Amama was 20.1%, while that due to river Tano was 36.6%. The highest risk group was children aged 15-19 years. Praziquantel was administered to treat the infection, producing a cure rate of 93%. Recognition of urinary schistosomiasis as a public health problem in Ghana is the main challenge to prevention and control of the disease.

关键词： Tropical disease Schistosomiasis haematobium praziquantel climate variability

Secondary Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African Populations: A Retrospective Study between 2011 and 2016 at regional hospital of Saint-Louis, Senegal

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期6卷 93-97页

作者： Yaya Kane Joel Simon Manga Diatou Gueye Dia Maiga Moussa Zeinabou Tondi Ahmed Tall Lemrabott Maria Faye Sidy Mouhamed Seck Mouhamadou Moustapha Cisse Alex Ismael Keita Kalilou Diallo El Hadj Fary Ka Abdou Niang Boucar Diouf Nephrology-Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Sénégal Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Sénégal Nephrology Department Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Nephrology Department Teaching Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is a worldwide health issue responsible of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even though essential HBP is far the most frequently reported in patients, secondary causes must be known because of their severity and the possibility of aetiological treatment. No recent epidemiological data are available about secondary causes of HBP in black African populations. The aim of this study was to describe aetiological patterns of secondary HBP in patients followed at Saint-Louis hospital. Patients and Method: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study in regional hospital of Saint-Louis. All patients aged ≥15 years old admitted from January 1st 2011 to January 31st 2015 in internal medicine, nephrology, emergency and cardiology departments were included. Clinical, paraclinical data and patients outcomes were collected from medical records. Hypertension was defined according to JNC8 criteria. Secondary HBP was considered if explorations identified a clear aetiology to hypertension. Statistical analysis was done with Excel 2010 and STATA 12.0. Results: We included 9253 patients with mean age of 35 ± 12 years (15 - 83 years) and sex-ratio of 1.6. Overall 67.5% of patients had hypertension and secondary causes were found in 10.5% of them. The majority of patients presented clinical symptoms suggesting a secondary cause of HBP and first-line laboratory explorations were normal in half of cases. Renal diseases were responsible for 79.1% of secondary HBP cases mainly dominated by glomerulonephritis (22.6%), vascular nephropathies (18.7%) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (5.8%). They were followed by preeclampsia (13.6%) and endocrinal aetiologies such as hyperthyroidism (5.8%), hypercorticism (0.5%), pheochromcytoma (0.5%), primary hyperparathyroidism (0.4%) and Conn’s adenoma (0.1%). Combination of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs was necessary in 71.5% of cases and surgical treatment was performed in three patient

关键词： Secondary High Blood Pressure Internal Medicine Black Africans