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The WHO African Region: Research Priorities on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 13-23页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Theopista Kabuteni John Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Symplice Mbola Mbassi Souleymane Zan Bigirimana Françoise Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso West Africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Many policy makers deliberating on comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights services need reliable evidence to make choices that benefit women, adolescents, children and the wider society. While universal health coverage discourse provides an opportunity to expand access through evidence based interventions, many gaps exist. Research prioritization has proved to be very helpful in identifying relevant areas especially in constrained resource settings. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the world Health Organization Africa Region research prioritization for sexual and reproductive health and rights. These priorities hope to guide the region for the next three years. Methods: We used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to identify priority questions among many potential areas for research prioritization on sexual and reproductive health and rights. The implementation process was organized in three phases. The first phase involved sending out an online survey to various experts with experience in sexual and reproductive health rights. These questions were received by a technical team from world Health Organization headquarters for review. 634 questions were identified for potential research and grouped into 12 themes. The second phase involved experts who reviewed the questions. The team merged questions with duplications, removed the questions that were out of scope and finally refined the wordings. In the final phase, experts worked in groups to score and rank top ten priority questions for each of the 12 thematic areas. Results: A list of 120 priority questions for sexual and reproductive health and rights were prioritized by 67 participants drawn from 16 organizations. Most of the priority research questions (45%) focused on the theme of gender-based violence, 35% prioritized services in sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian

关键词： Research Priorities Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative

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Setting Regional Research Priorities for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Services in Humanitarian Settings

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Bigirimana Françoise Souleymane Zan Gbenou Dina Mihretu Belete Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso West Africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Despite increased recognition of the need for sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings, evidence focusing on mainstreaming reproductive health services such as maternal, neonatal mortality, human immunodeficiency virus transmission and unsafe abortion still remains inadequate. The ability to understand the magnitude of the needs and highlight existing gaps is supported by improved data which is critical to informing effective policies, programming and funding decisions. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a research prioritization exercise on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings for the WHO Africa region for the next three years. Methods: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method in three phases. Experts from the region participated in an online survey to identify key areas for research in sexual and reproductive health and rights. To identify potential areas for research, the experts ensured answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, equity and potential impact of the questions. The research areas they identified were reviewed by world Health Organization technical team from headquarters. In a meeting of 67 participants, the questions were subjected to further review and analysis. Using a modified for scoring criteria, the questions were scored and ranked to provide the top ten priority questions to address sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings. Results: A list of 21 priority research questions on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings were scored and ranked. Top ten priorities research questions were identified. Those that scored highly by scoring 30 points out of the possible maximum of 30 include: “determining the prevalence and associated factors of unwanted pregnancies and abortions performed in emergency and hu

关键词： Humanitarian Conflicts Crisis Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

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Setting Research Priorities for Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Prevention and Treatment in WHO Africa Region

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 41-49页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Souleymane Zan Bigirimana Françoise Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso West Africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Cervical cancer has been ranked among the leading causes of deaths among women in Africa. Despite this, priority setting mechanisms used in planning for programmes and interventions that respond to sexual and reproductive health and rights services particularly in cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment have not adequately taken into account research based evidence to respond appropriately. Methods: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method. A wide range of stakeholders identified potential research areas in an online survey. A technical working group comprising of 67 participants reviewed the questions for modification and removal of out scope questions. Finally, scoring and ranking was done to provide the top ten priorities questions. Results: “Cost-benefit analysis of systematic human papillomavirus vaccination compared to the current cost of cervical cancer in public health care systems” scored 27. This was followed by two research questions ranked at 24 points: “assessment of women’s and girls’ knowledge on the importance of early cervical cancer screening,” and “human papilloma virus vaccination and contributions of new technologies to the supply and storage of vaccines, including human papillomavirus vaccine”. Conclusion: The study identified 10 priority research questions that can guide the agenda for cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment in the WHO Africa region. The identified priorities will be of use to policy makers, researchers and programmers and other stakeholders who can invest in areas that greatly affect cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Screening Secondary Prevention HPV Vaccination Sexual and Reproductive Health

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Research Priorities for Addressing Gender Based Violence in the WHO Africa Region

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 50-59页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Bigirimana Françoise Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Souleymane Zan Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Theopista Kabuteni John Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso West Africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: There is an increasing emphasis on conducting research to identify gender based violence issues to enable development of appropriate programs and interventions. However, these efforts are mixed in quality and often raise ethical questions. The increased pressure on policy makers to move to a more evidence-based approach in addressing gender based issues creates the need for this research prioritization activity. Inadequate evaluative evidence in this area poses a challenge in the planning for responsive interventions especially in resource limited settings. The purpose of this paper is to present gender based violence research priority areas for the WHO Africa Region. Methods: We utilized a modified version of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to reach consensus on research priorities on the thematic area of gender based violence. In three phases, we first conducted an online survey with sexual and reproductive health and rights experts in academia, ministries of health, non-governmental organizations and other health actors with a wide range of experiences. These questions were consolidated by three experts from world Health Organization headquarters into themes. Secondly, experts were invited in a meeting in Cape Town South Africa to analyze and generate relevant areas of research based on the themes. Finally, a smaller group of experts prioritized research areas based on agreed criteria. Results: A list of 10 priority research questions for addressing gender based violence were scored and ranked. Four priority research questions scored 30 points out of the possible 30 points and were thus ranked as the highest priority. These included questions that “engage young adolescents in behavioral interventions to influence gender roles”, “determinants of gender based violence analysis”, “both long and short term complications of gender based violence on survivors” and “assessment of

关键词： Gender-Based Violence Gender Human Rights Sexual and Reproductive Health Violence

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Consumption of soybean,soy foods,soy isoflavones and breast cancer incidence:Differences between Chinese women and women in Western countries and possible mechanisms

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2013年第3期2卷 146-161页

作者： Fen-Jin He Jin-Qiang Chen Nature Soy Inc.PhiladelphiaPAUSA Science Writing solutions USA Fox Chase Cancer Center PhiladelphiaPA 19111USA

Breast cancer is one of the most lethal diseases ***,there is a large difference in breast cancer incidence among Caucasian,Hispanic,African and Asian(***)women with Caucasian women being the highest and Asian women being the *** has been suggested that the dietary factors may account for approximately 50%of the breast *** of such dietary components which are typical to Asian but not Caucasian diet is soy foods.A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that increasing soy consumption could be related to the decreased risk of occurrence and/or mortality of breast *** this review,we first described briefly different types of soy products and their nutritional functions and ***,we described briefly soybean isoflavones,***(GEN),daidzein,glycitein,and presented several lines of evidence to demonstrate the possible association of soy flavone food consumption with incidence and prognosis of breast cancer;finally,we summarized several possible molecular mechanisms,including the effects of GEN as an agonist of ER,epigenetic and genome-wide effects,activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,induction of apoptosis and stimulation of autophagy,involved in the chemo-preventive effects of GEN on breast cancer.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food *** and hosting by Elsevier *** rights reserved.

关键词： Breast cancer incidence Genistein Soybean Soy foods Soy isoflavones

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Delayed reception of live blowfly (Calliphora vicina and Chrysomya rufifacies)larval samples: implications for minimum postmortem interval estimates

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第1期3卷 27-39页

作者： Melanie S.Archer Stephanie D.Jones James F.Wallman Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University/Victorian Institute of Forensic MedicineSouthbankAustralia Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem solutions School of Biological SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia

Forensic entomology evidence collected by police and mortuary staff may be delayed in getting to the *** samples may continue developing and alter minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) *** study investigated development of simulated evidential samples of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) *** of each species were studied in three developmental classes: "small" (late second/early third instar),"mid" (mid third instar) and "large" (late third instar).Seven replicates of 11 maggots in each class were assigned without food to four treatments: (1) 24 h at 20 ℃;(2) 24 h at 4 ℃;(3) 48 h at 20 ℃ and (4) 48 h at 4 ℃.There was a significant difference in absolute length change across treatments,reflecting size for C vicina,and interaction between size,time and temperature for *** vicina maggots showed minimal mortality,and most second instar larvae moulted by the experiment's *** rufifacies showed heavy mortality and minimal moulting from the second to third *** "large" *** maggots kept at room temperature for 48 h *** these results confirm that development can continue in live unfed maggot samples after their collection,it is not advisable to delay their preservation.

关键词： Forensic science forensic entomology forensic evidence larval development best practice sampling

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Genome-wide associations, polygenic risk, and Mendelian randomization reveal limited interactions between John Henryism and cynicism

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world Journal of Medical Genetics 2023年第2期11卷 8-20页

作者： Richard R Chapleau Department of Genetics NeuroStat Analytical SolutionsGreat FallsVA 22066United States

BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and *** is a belief that people are motivated primarily by *** scores on the JH scale and cynicism measures correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular *** cynicism is also a hallmark of burnout syndrome,another known risk factor for heart *** To evaluate possible interactions between JH and cynicism hoping to clarify risk factors of *** We analyzed genetic and psychological data available from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes for genome-wide associations with these *** split the total available samples and used plink to perform the association studies on the discovery set(n=1852,80%)and tested for replication using the validation set(n=465).We used scikit-learn to perform supervised machine learning for developing genetic risk *** We identified 2,727,and 204 genetic associations for scores on the JH,cynicism and cynical distrust(CD)scales,*** also found 173 associations with high cynicism,109 with high CD,but no associations with high *** also produced polygenic classifiers for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than *** We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an ***,while there may be a genetic risk,JH is not likely a burnout risk factor.

关键词： Cynicism Burnout syndrome John Henryism Genome-wide association study Polygenic risk score Machine-learning

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Investigating Torsin‐1A‐interacting protein 1 as a predictive and immunological biomarker in cancer

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iLABMED 2023年第3期1卷 171-180页

作者： Gurleen Kaur Gurparsad Singh Suri Dheeraj Shinde California Baptist University RiversideCaliforniaUSA Box Nine solutions LLP SataraIndia

Background:Cancer poses a significant global challenge,and with the pro-jected rise in cancer incidence,there is an urgent need to discover new targets and treatments to improve patient *** advancements in geno-mics technologies have enhanced our understanding of cancer's complexities and led to the emergence of pan‐cancer analysis as a valuable approach for identifying tumor ***‐1A‐interacting protein 1(TOR1AIP1)is a membrane protein involved in various cellular *** evidence suggests its potential involvement in ***:In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple databases to explore TOR1AIP1 expression across different cancer types and *** also investigated its correlation with clinical outcomes,such as survival rates and drug ***:The results of our analysis showed significant deregulation of TOR1AIP1 expression in multiple cancer types and its association with clinical outcomes,with a particular emphasis on kidney renal clear cell *** results of our study highlight the potential predictive value of TOR1AIP1 in cancer prognosis and ***:This study establishes a solid foundation and rationale for future experimental investigations,which will contribute to a deeper under-standing of the significance of TOR1AIP1 in different cancer types,specifically in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

关键词： immunological biomarker pan‐cancer predictive markers TOR1AIP1

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Bacterial vaginosis:a synthesis of the literature on etiology,prevalence,risk factors,and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第2期31卷 93-103页

作者： Christian T.Bautista Eyako Wurapa Warren B.Sateren Sara Morris Bruce Hollingsworth Jose L.Sanchez Division of Health Research Lancaster University Lancaster UK. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Maryland USA Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center and Cherokee Nation Technology solutions Maryland USA

Bacterial vaginosis(BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of Leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of BV. There is increasing evidence, however, that BV occurs when Lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardenella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, M. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or Mycoplasma hominis. worldwide, it estimated that 20%–30% of women of reproductive age attending sexually transmitted infection(STI) clinics suffer from BV, and that its prevalence can be as high as 50%–60% in high-risk populations(e.g., those who practice commercial sex work(CSW). Epidemiological data show that women are more likely to report BV if they: 1) have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; 2) are unmarried; 3) have engaged in their first intercourse at a younger age; 4) have engaged in CSW, and 5) practice regular douching. In the past decade, several studies have provided evidence on the contribution of sexual activity to BV. However, it is difficult to state that BV is a STI without being able to identify the etiologic agent. BV has also emerged as a public health problem due to its association with other STIs, including: human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG). The most recent evidence on the association between BV and CT/NG infection comes from two secondary analyses of cohort data conducted among women attending STI clinics. Based on these studies, women with BV had a 1.8 and 1.9-fold increased risk for NG and CT infection, respectively. Taken together, BV is likely a risk factor or at least an important contributor to subsequent NG or CT infection in high-risk women. Additional research is required to determine whether this association is also present in other low-r

关键词： Bacterial vaginosis Chlamydia Gonorrhea Military Epidemiology STI

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Effects of historic wildfire and prescribed fire on site occupancy of bats in Shenandoah National Park,Virginia,USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1255-1270页

作者： Lauren V.Austin Alexander Silvis W.Mark Ford Karen E.Powers Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Resource Environmental solutions WarrentonVA 20187USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitBlacksburgVA 24061USA Biology Department Radford UniversityRadfordVA 24141USA

Given the likelihood of regional extirpation of several once-common bat species in eastern North America from white-nose syndrome,it is critical that the impacts of forest management activities,such as prescribed fire,are known in order to minimize potentially additive negative effects on bat *** wildfires may offer a suitable surrogate to assess long-term burn impacts on bats for planning,implementing and assessing burn *** examine the effects of historic fire on bats,we sampled bat activities at 24 transect locations in burned and unburned forest stands in the central Appalachian Mountains of Shenandoah National Park(SNP),Virginia,*** was limited evidence of positive fire effects over time on hoary bats(Lasiurus cinereus Beauvois)and big brown bats(Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois)***,there were few or mostly equivocal relationships of bat occupancy relative to burn conditions or time since fire in SNP across species using a false-positive occupancy *** results suggest that fire does not strongly affect bat site occupancy short-or long-term in the central Appalachians.

关键词： Appalachian mountains Bats False-positive occupancy Prescribed fire Wildfire

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