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Prediction of pathological complete response and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer

World Journal of Gastrointestinal oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2520-2530页

作者： Yi-Jun Xu Dan Tao Song-Bing Qin Xiao-Yan Xu Kai-Wen Yang Zhong-Xu Xing Ju-Ying Zhou Yang Jiao Li-Li Wang Department of radiation oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of radiation oncology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006Jiangsu ProvinceChina School of radiation Medicine and Protection Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related death *** chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)is standard for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).Except for pathological examination after resection,it is not known exactly whether LARC patients have achieved pathological complete response(pCR)before *** date,there are no clear clinical indicators that can predict the efficacy of nCRT and patient *** To investigate the indicators that can predict pCR and long-term outcomes following nCRT in patients with *** Clinical data of 128 LARC patients admitted to our hospital between September 2013 and November 2022 were retrospectively *** were categorized into pCR and non-pCR *** analysis(using the χ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test)and logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to study clinical predictors affecting *** 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis,and differences in survival curves were assessed with the log-rank *** Univariate analysis showed that pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level,lymphocyte-monocyte ratio(LMR),time interval between neoadjuvant therapy completion and total mesorectal excision,and tumor size were correlated with *** results showed that CEA≤5 ng/mL(P=0.039),LMR>2.73(P=0.023),and time interval>10 wk(P=0.039)were independent predictors for *** analysis demonstrated that patients in the pCR group had significantly higher 5-year DFS rates(94.7%vs 59.7%,P=0.002)and 5-year OS rates(95.8%vs 80.1%,P=0.019)compared to the non-pCR *** deposits(TDs)were significantly correlated with shorter DFS(P=0.002)and OS(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pretreatment CEA,LMR,and time interval contribute to predicting nCRT efficacy in LARC *** pCR demonstrates longer DFS and *** correlate with poor pr

关键词： Locally advanced rectal cancer Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy Pathological complete response Carcinoembryonic antigen Inflammation-related markers Tumor deposit Prognosis

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From the unknown to spotlight:newly identified hormone adjusts hepatic cholesterol synthesis to dietary uptake

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2845-2847页

作者： Yakum Bertrand Nkeh Resul Gökberk Elgin Gesine Saher project group Biology of Lipids Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany

In a study published in Cell,Hu and colleagues discovered that the signaling activity of the intestinal hormone Cholesin leads to the attenuation of hepatic cholesterol synthesis in response to intestinal absorption thereby maintaining homeostatic levels of circulating cholesterol.1 These findings have major translational implications as they provide a potential new target for the management of hypercholesterolemia and associated disorders.

关键词： cholesterol hepatic synthesis

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Association of previously irradiated stable brain metastases with outcomes of atezolizumab-treated non-small cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from three randomized trials

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Cancer Communications 2024年第2期44卷 278-281页

作者： Tiantian Guo Yue Zhou Fei Liang Zezhou Wang Vincent Bourbonne Lukas Käsmann Nora Sundahl Abraham Jing-Ching Wu Jianjiao Ni Zhengfei Zhu Department of radiation oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiP.R.China Department of oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R.China Shanghai Clinical Research Center for radiation oncology ShanghaiP.R.China Shanghai Key Laboratory of radiation oncology ShanghaiP.R.China Department of Biostatistics Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R.China Department of Cancer Prevention Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiP.R.China radiation oncology Department University HospitalBrestFrance Department of radiation oncology University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany Department of radiation oncology AZ GroeningeKortrijkBelgium Department of radiation oncology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Institute of Thoracic oncology Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R.China

Dear Editor:Brain metastasis(BM)has long been recognized as a prognostic factor associated with poor prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in the era of con-ventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy[1].In the era of immunotherapy,controversial findings have been reported regarding the prognostic significance of BM in patients with NSCLC treated with programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)inhibitors.

关键词： chemotherapy NSCLC metastasis death

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Isotropic volumetric MRI for displaying cranial perineural spread of cranial nerve in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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中国医学影像技术 2024年第8期40卷 1164-1169页

作者： ZHENG Dechun XU Shugui LAI Guojing HU Chunmiao CAO Xisheng FENG Meimei PENG Li Department of Radiology Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhou 350014China Department of radiation oncology Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhou 350014China

Objective To observe the value of isotropic volumetric MRI for displaying perineural spread(PNS)of cranial nerve(CN)in nasopharyngeal *** Eighty-seven patients with pathologically proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma were prospectively *** scanning,including three-dimensional liver acquisition with volume acceleration-flexible(3D LAVA_Flex)image,T2WI with fat suppression(T2WI-FS),T1WI,contrast enhancement(CE)T1WI-FS of nasopharynx and neck region were *** displaying rates of CN PNS were evaluated and compared between 3D LAVA_Flex and T2WI-FS,T1WI,CE-T1WI-FS at patient level,CN group level and neural level,*** The displaying rate of CN PNS in all 87 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by 3D LAVA_Flex sequence was 49.43%(43/87),higher than that of conventional MRI(30/87,34.48%,P=0.001).Among 59 patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed with conventional sequences,the displaying rate of CN PNS was 71.19%(42/59)by 3D LAVA-Flex sequence,higher than that of conventional MRI(30/59,50.85%,P=0.001).At both patient level and posterior CN level,significant differences of the displaying rate of CN PNS were found between 3D LAVA-Flex sequence and T2WI-FS,T1WI,CE-T1WI-FS,while at CN level,the displaying rates of mandibular nerve PNS,CNⅨ—ⅪPNS in jugular foramen(P<0.05)and CNⅨ—ⅫPNS in carotid space of 3D LAVA_Flex sequence were all significantly higher than that of T2WI-FS,T1WI and CE-T1WI-FS(all P<0.05),of PNS of CNⅢ—Ⅴin cavernous sinus were higher than that of T2WI-FS(P<0.05),while of PNS of hypoglossal nerve were significantly higher than that of T2WI-FS and T1WI(both P<0.05).Conclusion 3D LAVA_Flex sequence could be used to effectively display CN PNS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

关键词： nasopharyngeal neoplasm cranial nerve magnetic resonance imaging neoplasm metastasis prospective studies

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Prognosis prediction and immune microenvironment features of breast cancer indicated by a cuproptosis-associated long non-coding RNA signature

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 66-69页

作者： Siyi Liu Juanchan Huang Wei Zhao Department of radiation oncology Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanningGuangxi 530000China Guangxi Medical University NanningGuangxi 530000China Department of oncology Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi 530000China

Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death that involves the depletion of intracellular copper and is not influenced by other inhibitors of programmed cell *** modality was first identified and named by Tsvetkov et al in the previous year.1 To further explore the relationship between cuproptosis,the tumor microenvironment,immunotherapy,and prognosis for breast cancer(BC),the expression patterns of 19 cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)were determined using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA).

关键词： breast cancer microenvironment

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in pancreatic diseases:Mechanisms and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 429-439页

作者： Ya-Wei Bi Long-Song Li Nan Ru Bo Zhang Xiao Lei Department of Gastroenterology The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of radiation oncology Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer(PC)stand as the most worrisome ailments affecting the *** have dedicated efforts to unraveling the mechanisms underlying these diseases,yet their true nature continues to elude their *** this realm,oxidative stress is often believed to play a causal and contributory role in the development of pancreatitis and *** accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)can cause oxidative stress,and the key enzyme responsible for inducing ROS production in cells is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxides(NOX).NOX contribute to pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation by generating ROS that injure acinar cells,activate pancreatic stellate cells,and mediate macrophage *** ROS production occurs during malignant transformation and pancreatic carcinogenesis,creating an oxidative microenvironment that can cause abnormal apoptosis,epithelial to mesenchymal transition and genomic ***,understanding the role of NOX in pancreatic diseases contributes to a more in-depth exploration of the exact pathogenesis of these *** this review,we aim to summarize the potential roles of NOX and its mechanism in pancreatic disorders,aiming to provide novel insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases.

关键词： Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxides Pancreatitis Pancreatic cancer Reactive oxygen species Mechanism

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Transglutaminase 2 serves as a pathogenic hub gene of KRAS mutant colon cancer based on integrated analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal oncology 2024年第5期16卷 2074-2090页

作者： Wei-Bin Peng Yu-Ping Li Yong Zeng Kai Chen First People’s Hospital of Foshan Foshan 528000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of radiation oncology Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515031Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colon cancer is acknowledged as one of the most common malignancies worldwide,ranking third in United States regarding incidence and ***,approximately 40%of colon cancer cases harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations,resulting in the continuous activation of epidermal growth factor receptor *** To investigate the key pathogenic genes in KRAS mutant colon cancer holds considerable *** Weighted gene co-expression network analysis,in combination with additional bioinformatics analysis,were conducted to screen the key factors driving the progression of KRAS mutant colon ***,various in vitro experiments were also conducted to explore the biological function of transglutaminase 2(TGM2).RESULTS Integrated analysis demonstrated that TGM2 acted as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free *** analysis on tissue microarrays revealed that TGM2 was associated with an elevated probability of perineural invasion in patients with KRAS mutant colon ***,biological roles of the key gene TGM2 was also assessed,suggesting that the downregulation of TGM2 attenuated the proliferation,invasion,and migration of the KRAS mutant colon cancer cell *** This study underscores the potential significance of TGM2 in the progression of KRAS mutant colon *** insight not only offers a theoretical foundation for therapeutic approaches but also highlights the need for additional clinical trials and fundamental research to support our preliminary findings.

关键词： Colon cancer KRAS mutation Transglutaminase 2 Weighted gene co-expression network analysis

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Ionotropic receptors mediate olfactory learning and memory in Drosophila

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1249-1269页

作者： Md Zeeshan Ali Anushree Aarif Ahsan Mohammad Shamsul Ola Rizwanul Haque Jawaid Ahsan Department of Biotechnology Central University of South BiharGayaBiharIndia Department of radiation oncology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of Biochemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Phenylacetaldehyde(PAH),an aromatic compound,is present in a diverse range of fruits including overripe bananas and prickly pear cactus,the two major host fruits for Drosophila *** acts as a potent ligand for the ionotropic receptor 84a(IR84a)in the adult fruit fly and it is detected by the IR84a/IR8a heterotetrameric *** role in the male courtship behavior through IR84a as an environmental aphrodisiac is of additional *** ***,two distinct kinds of olfactory receptors,that is,odorant receptors(ORs)and ionotropic receptors(IRs),perceive the odorant *** display unique structural,molecular,and functional characteristics in addition to having different evolutionary ***,olfactory cues detected by the ORs such as ethyl acetate,1-butanol,isoamyl acetate,1-octanol,4-methylcyclohexanol,*** as aliphatic esters and alcohols have been employed in olfactory classical conditioning using fruit *** underlines the participation of OR-activated olfactory pathways in learning and memory *** study elucidates that likewise ethyl acetate(EA)(an OR-responsive odorant),PAH(an IR-responsive aromatic compound)too can form learning and memory when associated with an appetitive gustatory *** association of PAH with sucrose(PAH/SUC)led to learning and formation of the long-term memory(LTM).Additionally,the Orco^(1),Ir84a^(MI00501),and Ir8a^(1)mutant flies were used to confirm the exclusive participation of the IR84a/IR8a complex in PAH/SUC olfactory associative *** results highlight the involvement of IRs via an IR-activated pathway in facilitating robust olfactory behavior.

关键词： appetitive conditioning Drosophila melanogaster ethyl acetate ionotropic receptors learning and memory phenylacetaldehyde

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Combining machine and deep transfer learning for mediastinal lymph node evaluation in patients with lung cancer

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第3期6卷 226-238页

作者： Hui XIE Jianfang ZHANG Lijuan DING Tao TAN Qing LI Department of radiation oncology Affiliated Hospital(Clinical College)of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhou 423000China Faulty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic UniversityMacao 999078China Department of Physical examination Beihu Centers for Disease Control and PreventionChenzhou 423000China Department of radiation oncology the Third People's Hospital of Chenzhou CityChenzhou 423000China School of Medical Imaging Laboratory Science and RehabilitationXiangnan UniversityChenzhou 423000China

Background The prognosis and survival of patients with lung cancer are likely to deteriorate with *** deep-learning in the detection of lymph node metastasis can facilitate the noninvasive calculation of the likelihood of such metastasis,thereby providing clinicians with crucial information to enhance diagnostic precision and ultimately improve patient survival and *** In total,623 eligible patients were recruited from two medical *** deep learning models,namely Alex,GoogLeNet,Resnet18,Resnet101,Vgg16,Vgg19,and MobileNetv3(small),were utilized to extract deep image histological *** dimensionality of the extracted features was then reduced using the Spearman correlation coefficient(r≥0.9)and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection *** machine learning methods,namely Support Vector Machine,K-nearest neighbor,Random Forest,Extra Trees,XGBoost,LightGBM,Naive Bayes,AdaBoost,Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,Linear Regression,and Multilayer Perceptron,were employed to construct classification prediction models for the filtered final *** diagnostic performances of the models were assessed using various metrics,including accuracy,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive *** and decision-curve analyses were also *** The present study demonstrated that using deep radiomic features extracted from Vgg16,in conjunction with a prediction model constructed via a linear regression algorithm,effectively distinguished the status of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with lung *** performance of the model was evaluated based on various metrics,including accuracy,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value,which yielded values of 0.808,0.834,0.851,0.745,0.829,and 0.776,*** validation set of the

关键词： Machine learning Deep transfer learning Evaluation Mediastinal lymph node lung cancer patie

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^(18)F-FDG PET/CT findings of paratesticular alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第2期3卷 68-71页

作者： Xueqi Chen Jiayin Shou Shanshi Li Yan Fan Jianhua Zhang Department of Nuclear Medicine Peking University First HospitalBeijingChina Department of radiation oncology Peking University First HospitalBeijingChina

Rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS)originates from primitive mesenchymal cells and is the most common soft tissue tumor in childhood.^(18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT)has been reported to be valuable in RMS staging and risk *** RMS is a relatively uncommon form of RMS,most of which are of the embryonal histologic *** alveolar RMS is associated with aggressive behavior,high metastatic potential,and poor *** the best of our knowledge,^(18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging findings of paratesticular alveolar RMS have never been ***,we report on a 16-year-old boy's rare paratesticular alveolar RMS with multiple metastases and its findings on^(18)F-FDG PET/*** case also demonstrates the potential value of^(18)F-FDG PET/CT in RMS staging and treatment decisions,and may aid in the differential diagnosis.

关键词： ^(18)F-FDG paratesticular alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma PET/CT

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