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High Quality Doloma Refractories-Essential for Stainless Steel Production

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 22-29页

作者： Hilmar SCHULZE-BERGKAMEN Eric LIU Clemens EBNER rhi magnesita Dalian 116600China rhi magnesita Chizhou 247000China rhi magnesita Leoben 8700Austria

Since early 2020 rhi magnesita has been running a fully integrated dolomite plant in Chizhou,Anhui Province,*** current operation consists of a world-class dolomite mine including a state-of-the art sinter plant equipped with rotary kiln plus a plant where shaped and unshaped doloma products are being *** raw dolomite has been a technically usable carbonate rock for decades the article describes the way from raw dolomite stone to doloma production.

关键词： dolomite doloma refractories stainless steel

Typical Refractory Wear Phenomena in Copper Vessels and Novel Monitoring Technologies

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 16-21页

作者： Dean GREGUREK Katja REINHARTER Juergen SCHMIDL Christine WENZL Alfred SPANRING rhi magnesita Leoben 8700Austria rhi magnesita Wien 1120Austria

Copper smelting furnaces are typically lined with magnesia-chromite refractories,which are exposed to multiple and complex *** selection of the processing route,furnace type,and slag system is dictated by the specific ore type available;which will determine the individual refractory *** paper evaluates the common refractory wear mechanisms as observed in the copper Peirce-Smith converter and in the copper anode *** chemical factors include corrosion caused by fayalite type slag and sulphur supply,as well as by Cu-oxide *** in the temperature during the furnace operation(thermal shock)create stresses in the brick lining which can only be absorbed to a limited *** factors include erosion,caused primarily by the movement of the metal bath,slag and charging material,as well as stresses in the brickwork due to ***,improper lining procedures can also affect the service *** these wear parameters lead to severe degeneration of the brick microstructure and a decreased lining life,and in the worst case overheated furnace structures and possibly dangerous hot spots or even ***,a detailed investigation and understanding of the wear mechanisms through“post-mortem studies”together with thermochemical calculations by FactSageTM software is an important prerequisite for the refractory *** on these research results,combined with specific process knowledge,appropriate brick lining solutions for copper processing furnaces can be *** addition to the described efforts to investigate refractory wear and optimise lining qualities,it is also essential to monitor the process and the effect on the refractories to further improve both safety and *** this purpose,technologies using sensors and novel digital solutions can be applied.

关键词： wear phenomena copper vessel monitoring technologies

New Argon Stopper Technology for Slab Casting

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 41-44页

作者： Gerald NITZL Xiaohui LIU Qingxin LIU Jie SHEN Yong TANG rhi magnesita Wien 1120Austria rhi magnesita Dalian 116600China rhi magnesita Shanghai 200021China rhi magnesita Leoben 8700Austria

Argon addition into the casting channel reduces the amount of clogging on the refractory wall to allow long sequence casting of aluminium-killed steel *** key to minimum surface defects on the final product is to establish the optimum quantity by optimising the gas distribution below the stopper *** is achieved by new argon stopper technology which supports low gas quantities with homogeneous gas and bubble distributions to float non-metallic inclusions(NMI)in the continuous casting mould.

关键词： argon stopper technology slab casting aluminium-killed steel non-metallic inclusions

Innovation of Regenerator Checkerwork for Glass Melting Furnaces

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 1-6页

作者： Rongxing BEI Guangfeng WANG rhi magnesita Wiesbaden 65189Germany rhi magnesita Shanghai 200021China

Regenerator checkerwork for glass melting furnaces should have high resistance against thermal stress and chemical attack,high mechanical stability,high efficiency to recover the heat from waste gas and low tendency for *** article reviews the innovation of the regenerator checkerwork from the past *** state of the art for optimised material choice and optimised checker shapes will be reported.

关键词： glass melting furnace regenerator checkerwork

Novel Flexibilizer for Cement Rotary Kiln Bricks

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 7-11页

作者： Qiang DING Martin GEITH Hilmar SCHULZE-BERGKAMEN rhi magnesita Dalian 116600China rhi magnesita Leoben 8700Austria

A new type of magnesia spinel brick containing a novel flexibilizer was *** publication presents an investigation on its chemical composition,physical properties and cement clinker *** to conventional magnesia spinel bricks,the new brick type shows reduced amounts of alumina,significantly improved hot properties and resistance against cement clinker attack whilst keeping its textural flexibility on the same *** trials revealed satisfactory results and confirmed the novel flexibilizer concept.

关键词： magnesia spinel brick flexibilizer cement clinker resistance

Refractory Tubes with Innovative Liner Technology for Flow Control and Clean Steel Applications

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 35-40页

作者： Patrick SEITZ Yong TANG Gerald NITZL rhi magnesita Leoben 8700Austria rhi magnesita Wien 1120Austria

Ladle shrouds(LS)and submerged entry nozzles(SEN)are flow control products used in continuous casting which transfer the liquid steel from the ladle to the tundish and further to the *** to the strongly different and quickly changing temperature conditions before and during steel casting,highly thermal shock resistant refractory materials are required which simultaneously save steel process energy.A new technology embeds a special liner into the refractory body inner surface to reduce the heat transfer through the LS/SEN *** better understand the function of this insulation layer a mathematical model was *** measurements carried out in the steel plant were compared with the simulation *** research results indicate potential heat loss reduction and performance improvements in the steelmaking process.

关键词： refractory tubes flow control computation fluid dynamics simulation

Corrosion-resistant Refractory Linings for Hazardous Waste Treatment inRotary Kilns

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 12-15页

作者： Chongchong NIU Christina STIMPFL Danting ZHAO rhi magnesita Dalian 116600China rhi magnesita Shanghai 200021China

Mega trends like urbanization,industrialization and growing population drive the demand of daily necessaries and therefore result in increased refractory consumption for waste treatment carried out at elevated *** is estimated that for burning 1 t of waste about 5.5 kg of refractory materials need to be *** the present study,the corrosion resistance of refractory bricks based on alumina-chromia and alumina-silica was tested by exposing them to slag from hazardous waste *** from the cup test were investigated macroscopically and *** showed that alumina-chromia bricks had high corrosion resistance when in contact with the tested slags,while alumina-silica bricks containing silicon carbide showed an overall good performance.

关键词： hazardous waste treatment alumina-silica cup test

Full-scale Water Modeling on Flow Field of Continuous Casting Mold

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 51-54页

作者： Hang YE Tianfei MA Gernot HACKL Jianhua LUO Gongjie TAO rhi magnesita Dalian 116600China rhi magnesita Leoben 8700Austria Ansteel Group Anshan 114001China

In the continuous casting process of aluminum killed steel grades,nozzle clogging is a common *** is usually injected into the casting channel through stoppers or nozzles to minimize clogs;however,complex two-phase flow regimes appear,and the flow in the mold might *** could result in a higher defect rate in the cast product and should be avoided as much as ***,it is important to understand the interaction between process conditions and the refractory products used and their impact on the flow pattern in the *** this study,a full-scale water model was established to simulate the slab casting *** nozzle shapes and three immersion depths were applied to investigate the flow behavior and liquid level fluctuations by the full-scale water *** relationship between the flow behavior and continuous casting parameters was *** results provide guidance for the design and production of the refractory nozzle and the operation of the continuous casting plant.

关键词： slab casting full-scale water model argon blowing level fluctuations

Norton-Hoff model for deformation of growing solid shell of thin slab casting in funnel-shape mold

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第1期29卷 88-102页

作者： Alexander Vakhrushev Abdellah Kharicha Menghuai Wu Andreas Ludwig Gerald Nitzl Yong Tang Gernot Hackl Josef Watzinger Christian M.G.Rodrigues Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Metallurgical Applications of Magnetohydrodynamics Montanuniversitat Leoben8700 LeobenAustria Primetals Technologies 4031 LinzAustria Chair of Simulation and Modeling of Metallurgical Processes Department of MetallurgyMontanuniversit?t Leoben8700 LeobenAustria rhi magnesita GmbH 1120 ViennaAustria rhi magnesita GmbH 8700 LeobenAustria

A funnel-type mold is commonly used to provide necessary clearance for the submerged entry nozzle in the thin slab casting(TSC).The partially solidified shell is subjected to the mechanical deformations,which can lead to the defects formation and,as a results,to a ***,the results of the flow simulation,performed by the finite volume method(FVM),are fed to the external package for the finite element analysis of stress and strain.A coupled model was assembled using“creeping solid”approach by blending the Norton-Hoff viscoplastic stress for the solidifying shell with the Newtonian viscous stress of the liquid *** FVM was used to combine both liquid and solid stress models within a single *** iterative procedure based on the improved both side diffusion method was introduced to treat the nonlinear relation between the viscoplastic stress and the strain *** modeled shell thickness was verified by previously published breakout measurements and the simulation *** distribution,obtained during the TSC simulation,dominantly corresponds to the viscoplastic *** numerical approach is robust and has direct industrial application.

关键词： Solid shell Viscoplastic stress Solidification Norton-Hoff model Thin slab Continuous casting Improved both side diffusion method OpenFOAM