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Modulation of the Nogo signaling pathway to overcome amyloid-β-mediated neurite inhibition in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurites

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2645-2654页

作者： Kirsty Goncalves Stefan Przyborski Department of Biosciences Durham UniversityDurhamUK Reprocell europe Ltd. GlasgowUK

Neuronal cell death and the loss of connectivity are two of the primary pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's *** accumulation of amyloid-βpeptides,a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease,is believed to induce neuritic abnormalities,including reduced growth,extension,and abnormal growth cone morphology,all of which contribute to decreased ***,the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms governing this response remain *** this study,we used an innovative approach to demonstrate the effect of amyloid-βon neurite dynamics in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultu re systems,in order to provide more physiologically relevant culture *** utilized various methodologies,including the addition of exogenous amyloid-βpeptides to the culture medium,growth substrate coating,and the utilization of human-induced pluripotent stem cell technology,to investigate the effect of endogenous amyloid-βsecretion on neurite outgrowth,thus paving the way for potential future applications in personalized ***,we also explore the involvement of the Nogo signaling cascade in amyloid-β-induced neurite *** demonstrate that inhibition of downstream ROCK and RhoA components of the Nogo signaling pathway,achieved through modulation with Y-27632(a ROCK inhibitor)and Ibuprofen(a Rho A inhibitor),respectively,can restore and even enhance neuronal connectivity in the presence of amyloid-β.In summary,this study not only presents a novel culture approach that offers insights into the biological process of neurite growth and inhibition,but also proposes a specific mechanism for reduced neural connectivity in the presence of amyloid-βpeptides,along with potential intervention points to restore neurite ***,we aim to establish a culture system that has the potential to serve as an assay for measuring preclinical,predictive outcomes of drugs and their ability to promote neurite outgrowth,both generally and in a patie

关键词： Alzheimer's disease induced pluripotent stem cell neurite outgrowth neuron Nogo Rho A ROCK stem cell three-dimensional culture

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A multi-fidelity machine learning approach to high throughput materials screening

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2453-2461页

作者： Clyde Fare Peter Fenner Matthew Benatan Alessandro Varsi Edward O.Pyzer-Knapp IBM Research-europe-Daresbury DaresburyUK University of Liverpool LiverpoolUK

The ever-increasing capability of computational methods has resulted in their general acceptance as a key part of the materials design *** this has been achieved using a so-called computational funnel,where increasingly accurate-and expensive–methodologies are used to winnow down a large initial library to a size which can be tackled by *** this paper we present an alternative approach,using a multi-output Gaussian process to fuse the information gained from both experimental and computational methods into a single,dynamically evolving *** challenges with computational funnels,such as mis-ordering methods,and the inclusion of non-informative steps are avoided by learning the relationships between methods on the *** show this approach reduces overall optimisation cost on average by around a factor of three compared to other commonly used approaches,through evaluation on three challenging materials design problems.

关键词： has approach learning

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Robust high frequency seismic bandwidth extension with a deep neural network trained using synthetic data

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2024年第1期5卷 64-81页

作者： Paul Zwartjes Jewoo Yoo Aramco europe Delft Global Research CenterNetherlands

Geophysicists interpreting seismic reflection data aim for the highest resolution possible as this facilitates the interpretation and discrimination of subtle geological *** deterministic methods based on Wiener filtering exist to increase the temporal frequency bandwidth and compress the seismic wavelet in a process called spectral ***-encoder neural networks with convolutional layers have been applied to this problem,with encouraging results,but the problem of generalization to unseen data *** published works have used supervised learning with training data constructed from field seismic data or synthetic seismic data generated based on measured well logs or based on seismic wavefield *** leads to satisfactory results on datasets similar to the training data but requires re-training of the networks for unseen data with different *** this work seek to improve the generalization,not by experimenting with network architecture(we use a conventional U-net with some small modifications),but by adopting a different approach to creating the training data for the supervised learning *** the network is important,at this stage of development we see more improvement in prediction results by altering the design of the training data than by architectural *** approach we take is to create synthetic training data consisting of simple geometric shapes convolved with a seismic *** created a very diverse training dataset consisting of 9000 seismic images with between 5 and 300 seismic events resembling seismic reflections that have geophysically motived perturbations in terms of shape and *** 2D U-net we have trained can boost robustly and recursively the dominant frequency by 50%.We demonstrate this on unseen field data with different bandwidths and signal-to-noise ***,this 2D U-net can handle non-stationary wavelets and overlapping events of different bandwidth without cr

关键词： Resolution Seismic data u-Net Bandwidth extension Synthetic data

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Performance of Text-Independent Automatic Speaker Recognition on a Multicore System

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 447-456页

作者： rand Kouatly Talha Ali Khan Faculty of Tech and Software Engineering University of Europe for Applied SciencesPotsdam 14469Germany

This paper studies a high-speed text-independent Automatic Speaker Recognition(ASR)algorithm based on a multicore system's Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM).The high speech is achieved using parallel implementation of the feature's extraction and aggregation methods during training and testing *** memory parallel programming techniques using both OpenMP and PThreads libraries are developed to accelerate the code and improve the performance of the ASR *** experimental results show speed-up improvements of around 3.2 on a personal laptop with Intel i5-6300HQ(2.3 GHz,four cores without hyper-threading,and 8 GB of RAM).In addition,a remarkable 100%speaker recognition accuracy is achieved.

关键词： Automatic Speaker Recognition(ASR) Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) shared memory parallel programming PThreads OpenMP

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The advances of Sino-German new materials

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 327-328页

作者： Rongbiao Wang Kurita europe GmbH Giulinistr. 2 67065 Ludwigshafen Germany

Sino-German chemical industries and research organizations have been achieving impressive progresses in the field of new materials in the recent years. These progresses are not only owing to the innovation ability, bu...

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Low-loss optical waveguides made with a high-loss material

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 12-18页

作者： Darius Urbonas Rainer F.Mahrt Thilo Stoferle IBM Research europe—Zurich Saumerstrasse 48803 RuschlikonSwitzerland

For guiding light on a chip,it has been pivotal to use materials and process flows that allow low absorption and *** on subwavelength gratings,here,we show that it is possible to create broadband,multimode waveguides with very low propagation losses despite using a strongly absorbing *** perform rigorous coupled-wave analysis and finite-difference time-domain simulations of integrated waveguides that consist of pairs of integrated high-index-contrast *** showcase this concept,we demonstrate guiding of visible light in the wavelength range of 550-650 nm with losses down to 6dB/cm using silicon gratings that have a material absorption of 13,000 dB/cm at this wavelength and are fabricated with standard silicon photonics *** approach allows us to overcome traditional limits of the various established photonics technology platforms with respect to their suitable spectral range and,furthermore,to mitigate situations where absorbing materials,such as highly doped semiconductors,cannot be avoided because of the need for electrical driving,for example,for amplifiers,lasers and modulators.

关键词： waveguides absorbing absorption

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Metamorphosis:The Credit Market of Low-Income Households in a Semi-Peripheral Country

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2023年第6期36卷 2434-2466页

作者： GOSZTONYI Márton Asia-europe Institute University MalayaFederal Territory of Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

In this paper,a theoretical model is developed on the basis of systems theory,which structures the livelihood system of low-income households in a european country characterized by a semi-peripheral *** on the proposed model,the complex system of network connections and formal and informal financial transactions,which households use in their daily lives to cover their expenses,becomes *** proposed theoretical model is analyzed through simulations based on agent-based modelling(ABM)centred on empirical network *** the simulations,the author explores the mechanisms of the market and asks what formal and informal credit transactions determine its operation,how these factors shape the local social structure and how resilient the market is to *** results show that this dynamic,complex risk-sharing system has an inherent logic and it can mitigate the small liquidity shocks but it is not resistant to bigger financial shocks or overconsumptions.

关键词： Agent-based modelling credit and debt transactions financial system low-income families moral economy social network

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A Review on Complex System Engineering

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第6期33卷 1755-1784页

作者： PARREND Pierre COLLET Pierre ECAM Strasbourg-europe 2Rue de MadridSchiltigheimFrance University of Strasbourg StrasbourgFrance

Complexity is commonly summarized as‘the actions of the whole are more than the sum of the actions of the parts’.Understanding how the coherence emerges from these natural and artificial systems provides a radical shift in the process of thought,and brings huge promises for controlling and fostering this *** authors define the term‘Complex System Engineering’to denote this approach,which aims at transferring the radical insights from Complex System Science to the pragmatic world of engineering,especially in the Computing System Engineering domain.A theoretical framework for Complex System Engineering is built by the morphogenetic engineering framework,which identifies a graduation of models,in growing order of generative *** implementation of Complex System Engineering requires a portfolio of operational solutions:The authors therefore provide a classification of Complex System application approaches to answer this challenge and support the emergence of Complex System Engineers capable of addressing the issues of an ever more connected world.

关键词： Complex networks complex software engineering complex systems design structure matrix emergent engineering evolutionary algorithms organically grown architectures

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Profitability and Productivity of the Chinese Textile Industry

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China & World Economy 2010年第5期18卷 1-21页

作者： Yimin Zhang Tianmu Wang China europe International Business School Shanghai China

This paper considers the cost structure, profitability and productivity of the Chinese textile industry and estimates the impacts of RMB appreciation on this industry. Using data for 1999-2006, we found that the industry has suffered from very low profit margins and returns on capital. Because input prices have been increasing, particularly since 2001, generating profits has become more difficult for the industry. Nevertheless, the industry achieved substantial productivity growth over the period examined. Although at an inadequate level the proJ^tability of the industry did show some signs of improvement. As long as this trend continues, the industry could obtain a decent level of profitability. Since 2005, however, the industry has faced a new challenge： the appreciation of the RMB. Based on 2006 data, we estimated the maximum rate of RMB appreciation that the industry would be able to sustain to be approximately 5percent a year.

关键词： Chinese textile industry productivity profitability RMB exchange rates

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Provincial Disparities in Post-reform China

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China & World Economy 2010年第2期18卷 73-95页

作者： José Villaverde Adolfo Maza Bala Ramasamy University of Cantabria China europe International Business School

Using conventional and novel techniques, the present paper analyzes the main characteristics of Chinese provincial disparities during the reform period, specifically between 1978 and 200Z After dismissing the presence of spatial dependence, three main results are obtained： first, provincial inequalities have basically followed a ＂V＂ trend; second, grouping China into three large regions shows that inequality mainly lies within each region, particularly in coastal areas; and third, the analysis of intra-distribution dynamics reveals that, although there was some significant mobility in provincial relative income, particularly until 1990, the whole periodpersistence in the ranking of income levels is a major feature. This might provoke some changes in the policy approach to dealing with spatial disparities.

关键词： China convergence growth intra-distribution dynamics provincial disparities

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