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development of a general circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer fuel rod model for subchannel analysis and application to helical fuel rods

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science China Technological sciences 2025年

作者： Junsen FU Junlong LI Xiaowen WANG Qi ZHANG Yao XIAO Hanyang GU School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Systems and Equipment of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor technology Nuclear Power Institute of China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety technology and Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The subchannel analysis method is one of the most crucial transient safety analysis methods in the thermal design of nuclear reactors. The nonuniformity of circumferential heat transfer is slight in conventional pressurized water reactor (PWR)cores, but it is significant in advanced reactors with wire-wrapped or helical fuel rods. Predicting circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer behavior can be challenging owing to the complex geometry of helical fuel rods. In this study, a general circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer fuel rod (GCNF) model is developed to predict the fuel central temperature and circumferential heat flux and wall temperature. This model incorporates a refined two-dimensional fuel conduction model and circumferential nonuniform shape factor, addressing the dual factors contributing to the circumferential nonuniformity of helical fuel rods. An empirical correlation for the nonuniform shape factor is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and it is implemented to the subchannel code. The newly developed model is applied to a helical fuel annulus and validated by comparing the prediction results with CFD data. The maximum wall temperature predicted by the code is 1.15°C lower than the value calculated through CFD. In terms of the heat flux, the maximum value at the inner corner is22 kW lower than that obtained from the CFD prediction. The accurate prediction of circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer in helical fuel, concerning the surface heat flux and cladding temperature, addresses existing shortcomings in helical fuel subchannel analysis methods. Additionally, the capability to predict the fuel central temperature is essential for the safety analysis to determine whether fuel rods are melting. The generality of the model framework allows it to be used for the prediction of circumferential nonuniform heat transfer behavior in other types of fuel assemblies.

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Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health institute of Hebei Medical university ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

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Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer:a phase II trial of pembrolizumab

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 57-65页

作者： RYUL KIM JOO KYUNG PARK MINSUK KWON MINAE AN JUNG YONG HONG JOON OH PARK SUNG HEE LIM SEUNG TAE KIM Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea Department of Hematology-Oncology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon-siGyeonggi-doKorea Samsung Advanced institute of Health science and technology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are effective in a subset of patients with metastatic solid ***,the patients who would benefit most from ICIs in biliary tract cancer(BTC)are still *** and methods:We molecularly characterized tissues and blood from 32 patients with metastatic BTC treated with the ICI pembrolizumab as second-line ***:All patients had microsatellite stable(MSS)type *** of the 32 patients achieved partial response(PR),with an objective response rate(ORR)of 9.4%(95%confidence interval[CI],2.0–25.2)and nine showed stable disease(SD),exhibiting a disease control rate(DCR)of 37.5%(95%CI,21.1–56.3).For the 31 patients who had access to PD-1 ligand 1(PD-L1)combined positive score(CPS)testing(cut-off value≥1%),the ORR was not different between those who had PD-L1-positive(PD-L1+;1/11,9.1%)and PDL1-(2/20,10.0%)tumors(p=1.000).The tumor mutational burden(TMB)of PD-L1+BTC was comparable to that of PD-L1-BTC(p=0.630).TMB and any exonic somatic mutations were also not predictive of pembrolizumab *** analysis of blood and tumor samples demonstrated a relatively high natural killer(NK)cell proportion in the peripheral blood before pembrolizumab treatment in patients who achieved tumor ***,the tumors of these patients presented high enrichment scores for NK cells,antitumor cytokines,and Th1 signatures,and a low enrichment score for cancer-associated ***:This study shows the molecular characteristics associated with the efficacy of pembrolizumab in BTC of the MSS type.

关键词： Pembrolizumab Whole-exome sequencing Whole-transcriptome sequencing Biliary tract cancer

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Detecting micro-blog user interest communities through the integration of explicit user relationship and implicit topic relations

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science China(Information sciences) 2017年第9期60卷 64-77页

作者： Yu QIN Zhengtao YU Yanbing WANG Shengxiang GAO Linbin SHI institute of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Kunming University of Science and Technology

In order to effectively utilize the explicit user relationship and implicit topic relations for the detection of micro-blog user interest communities, a micro-blog user interest community(MUIC) detection approach is proposed. First, through the analysis of the follow relationship between users, we have defined three types of such relationships to construct the user follow-ship network. Second, taking the semantic correlation between user tags into account, we construct the user interest feature vectors based on the concept of feature mapping to build a user tag based interest relationship network. Third, user behaviors, such as reposting, commenting, replying, and receiving comments from others, are able to provide certain guidance for the extraction of micro-blog topics. Hence, we propose to integrate the four mentioned user behaviors that are considered to provide guidance information for the traditional latent Dirichlet allocation(LDA) model. Thereby, in addition to the construction of a topic-based interest relationship network, a guided topic model can be built to extract the topics in which the user is interested. Finally, with the integration of the afore-mentioned three types of relationship network, a micro-blog user interest relationship network can be created. Meanwhile, we propose a MUIC detection algorithm based on the contribution of the neighboring nodes. The experiment result proves the effectiveness of our approach in detecting MUICs.

关键词： feature mapping implicit topic guided topic model contribution of the neighboring nodes

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The effects of selenization conditions on the microstructure and optoelectronic properties of CZTSSe absorber layers prepared by the sol-gel method

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： BAI Xin XUE Yuming DAI Hongli WANG Luoxin BAI Xinfeng HU Xiaofeng institute of New Energy Intelligence Equipment， School of Integrated Circuit science and Engineering， Tianjin university of technology

Cu2ZnSnSSe4（CZTSSe） thin film solar cells， with adjustable bandgap and rich elemental content， hold promise in next-gen photovoltaics. Crystalline quality is pivotal for efficient light absorption and carrier transport. During the post-selenization process， understanding crystal growth mechanisms， and improving layer quality are essential. We explored the effects of ramp rate and annealing temperature on CZTSSe films， using XRD， Raman， SEM， and UV-Vis. The optimal performance occurred at 25.25 ℃/min ramp rate and 530℃ annealing. This led to smoother surfaces， higher density， and larger grains. This condition produced a single-layer structure with large grains， no secondary phases， and a 1.14 eV bandgap， making it promising for photovoltaic applications. The study has highlighted the effect of selenization conditions on the characteristics of the CZTSSe absorber layer and has provided valuable information for developing CZTSSe thin film solar cells.

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材料科学中小样本量的机器学习策略（英文）

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science China Materials 2025年

作者：陶秋伶于金鑫穆翔宇贾雪施荣佩姚志富王翠萍张海军刘兴军 School of Materials science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome & Big Data Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer science & technology Harbin Institute of Technology Advanced institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR) Tohoku University Department of Materials science and Engineering College of Materials Xiamen University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of Technology

机器学习(ML)因其较低的计算成本和强大的预测能力,已广泛应用于新材料的设计与开发.近年来,机器学习在材料科学中的不足逐渐显现,其中最主要的问题是数据稀缺.在有限数据的情况下,构建可靠且准确的机器学习模型是一项挑战.此外,由于材...

机器学习(ML)因其较低的计算成本和强大的预测能力,已广泛应用于新材料的设计与开发.近年来,机器学习在材料科学中的不足逐渐显现,其中最主要的问题是数据稀缺.在有限数据的情况下,构建可靠且准确的机器学习模型是一项挑战.此外,由于材料数据积累的速度较慢,小样本量问题将长期存在于材料科学中.因此,回顾并分析针对小样本学习的策略,对促进机器学习在材料科学中的发展具有重要意义.本文系统地梳理了材料科学中小样本学习策略的研究进展,包括集成学习、无监督学习、主动学习和迁移学习.并提出了未来研究的方向,如少样本学习和虚拟样本生成.更为重要的是,我们强调了将材料领域知识嵌入机器学习的重要性,并阐述了实现该策略的基本思路.

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Effect of ammonia concentration of complexing agent on CdxZn1-xS buffer layer by chemical bath deposition and performance of CIGS cell

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： LU Yahan XUE Yuming DAI Hongli WANG Luoxin ZHOU Liwei TAN Zhiyuan institute of New Energy Intelligence Equipment， School of Integrated Circuit science and Engineering， Tianjin university of technology

In this paper， CdxZn1-xS thin films were deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition （CBD），and the effects of different concentrations of ammonia water on the morphology， structure and optical properties of the films were studied. CdxZn1-xS thin films have hexagonal crystal structure， the transmittance is above 75% in the visible range， and the optical band gap is between 2.6 eV and 2.9 eV. The influence of the experimental group of deposited thin films on the performance parameters of the CIGS battery was studied by simulation with SCAPS-1D software and the cell efficiency reached 22.42%. It is introduced that the buffer layer prepared in this experiment is feasible in CIGS solar cells.

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Enhancing the performance of the absorber of Cu2ZnSn（S， Se）4 photovoltaic materials by doping Cd2+

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： YANG Shuqi XUE Yuming DAI Hongli WANG Luoxin ZHANG Haiwei BAI Xin institute of New Energy Intelligence Equipment， School of Integrated Circuit science and Engineering， Tianjin university of technology

Cationic doping is considered to be an effective way to improve the efficiency of Cu2ZnSn（S，Se）4（CZTSSe） photovoltaic materials. To improve the quality of the absorption layer of the crystal film， CZTSSe film was doped with some Cd to change the ratio of Cd and Zn in the precursor solution. XRD， Raman， SEM， UV-Vis spectroscopy， and other results showed that Cd successfully replaced Zn in the crystal lattice during post-selenization. The formation of harmful Zn-related defects was reduced， the grain size and crystallinity of the films were significantly increased， and the photoelectric properties of the films such as crystal quality and structural morphology were improved. As the Cd/（Cd+Zn） ratio increased from 0 to 0.35， the band gap of CZCTSSe decreased to 1.02eV. When Cd/（Cd+Zn）=0.25， the crystallinity and grain size reached the best value， and the film surface was smooth and dense， which inhibited the formation of the second phase on the surface of *** theoretical basis and experimental results showed that proper Cd doping can promote the growth of grain， so that compact CZCTSSe films with larger grain sizes and fewer holes could be prepared.

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Influence of band gap and different defects on the performance of Cu（In， Ga）Se2 solar cells

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： LU Yahan XUE Yuming DAI Hongli WANG Luoxin LI Weiwei JI Licui institute of New Energy Intelligence Equipment， School of Integrated Circuit science and Engineering， Tianjin university of technology

The SCAPS-1D simulator， a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator is utilized for simulating CIGS solar cells. It has been observed that the performance of solar cells can be enhanced by uniformly adjusting the band gap value of the CIGS absorption layer. Upon doing so， the solar cell's conversion efficiency reaches 22.13% when the band gap of the CIGS absorption layer is 1.3eV. Subsequently， the influence of defect type and density on photoelectric properties is analyzed by using the improved absorption band gap. The findings indicate that to heighten the photovoltaic efficiency， it is imperative to minimize the defect concentration in the absorption layer， as high-density defects significantly impact the efficiency， and can even render the conversion efficiency to zero. This study underscores the pivotal influence of band gap adjustments and defect charge types on the photoelectric properties of thin film solar cells.

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Improved model for defect detection in photovoltaic cells based on Yolov5

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： BAI Xinfeng XUE Yuming DAI Hongli WANG Luoxin BAI Xin HU Xiaofeng institute of New Energy Intelligence Equipment， School of Integrated Circuit science and Engineering， Tianjin university of technology

In order to meet the requirements of recognition speed and accuracy for complex photovoltaic (PV) cell defect detection tasks， this paper proposed an improvement strategy based on the Yolov5 network model. First， the model's ability to localize defects was enhanced by adding shallow feature inputs to strengthen the model's fusion of shallow feature information; second， the Squeeze-and-excitation (SE) attention mechanism was introduced to expand the receptive field and strengthen the dependency between feature channels; finally， a smoothing downsampling module was constructed to replace the convolutional sampling， which reduced the loss of information while retaining the important features. The experimental results show that the Yolov5 model based on this improved strategy achieved an average accuracy of 92.06% in the multiclassification defect detection task， and the average recognition speed reached 25.31 frames per second (FPS)， which took into account the requirements of performance and real-time performance， and can satisfy the needs of PV cell defect detection in industrial scenarios.

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