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A novel fracture-cavity reservoir outcrop geological knowledge base construction method considering parameter collection and processing, mutual transformation of data-knowledge, application and update

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2184-2202页

作者： Qi-Qiang Ren Jin-Liang Gao Peng Zhu Meng-Ping Li Jian-Wei Feng Qiang Jin San Zhang institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology PetroChina research institute of petroleum exploration and development School of Energy Chengdu University of Technology School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) School of Geosciences Yangtze University

This study endeavors to formulate a comprehensive methodology for establishing a Geological Knowledge Base(GKB) tailored to fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops within the North Tarim Basin. The acquisition of quantitative geological parameters was accomplished through diverse means such as outcrop observations, thin section studies, unmanned aerial vehicle scanning, and high-resolution cameras. Subsequently, a three-dimensional digital outcrop model was generated, and the parameters were standardized. An assessment of traditional geological knowledge was conducted to delineate the knowledge framework, content, and system of the GKB. The basic parameter knowledge was extracted using multiscale fine characterization techniques, including core statistics, field observations, and microscopic thin section analysis. Key mechanism knowledge was identified by integrating trace elements from filling, isotope geochemical tests, and water-rock simulation experiments. Significant representational knowledge was then extracted by employing various methods such as multiple linear regression, neural network technology, and discriminant classification. Subsequently, an analogy study was performed on the karst fracture-cavity system(KFCS) in both outcrop and underground reservoir settings. The results underscored several key findings:(1) Utilization of a diverse range of techniques,including outcrop observations, core statistics, unmanned aerial vehicle scanning, high-resolution cameras, thin section analysis, and electron scanning imaging, enabled the acquisition and standardization of data. This facilitated effective management and integration of geological parameter data from multiple sources and scales.(2) The GKB for fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops, encompassing basic parameter knowledge, key mechanism knowledge, and significant representational knowledge, provides robust data support and systematic geological insights for the intricate and in-depth examination of the genetic

关键词： Geological knowledge base Karst fracture-cavity system Mutual transformation of data-knowledge Knowledge base content and application Tarim basin

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Differences in and factors controlling organic matter enrichment in the Ziliujing Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 77-86页

作者： Peng Li Zhong-Bao Liu He Bi Tao Jiang Rui-Kang Bian Peng-Wei Wang Xiao-Yu Shang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient development Beijing102206China Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas exploration and Production Technology SINOPECBeijing102206China petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPECBeijing102206China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing100037China No.4 Oil Production Plant in Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd. Daqing163511HeilongjiangChina

Lacustrine shale oil and gas are important fields for unconventional exploration and development in China,and organic-rich shale deposition lays down the critical foundation for hydrocarbon *** are two sets of shale,the Dongyuemiao and Da’anzhai Members,in the Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan *** identify the differential enrichment characteristics of organic matter and clarify its controlling factors,geochemical analyses of organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were *** results showed that the total organic carbon content of the Dongyuemiao shale(1.36%)is slightly higher than that of the Da’anzhai shale(0.95%).The enrichment of organic matter in the two shales resulted from the comprehensive controls of paleoproductivity,paleoenvironment,and terrigenous input,but different factors have different *** addition,driven by climate,the change in the sulfate concentration in the bottom water further led to the different intensities of bacterial sulfate reduction in early *** made a great difference regarding organic matter accumulation in the two *** general,climate may have played a dominant role in organic matter enrichment in the two sets of shale.

关键词： Lacustrine shale Ziliujing Formation Sichuan Basin Enrichment mechanism of organic matter

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Multicomponent Seismic Data Reconstruction via Anti-Aliasing Vector POCS Method

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1385-1392页

作者： Fan Li Jianjun Gao Yun Wang Chunming Wang Sian Hou School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China research institute of petroleum exploration and development Petro ChinaBeijing 100083China

0 INTRODUCTION Due to the ability to comprehensively utilize P and S wave information,multi-component seismic exploration has already played an important role in fracture detection,lithology prediction,fluid identification,etc.,and it has also become an important technology for complex reservoir exploration(Yuan et al.,2021;Stewart et al.,2003).

关键词： reservoir Seismic prediction

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Selective core-shell doping enabling high performance 4.6 V-LiCoO2

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 684-693页

作者： Yueming Xia Jianrui Feng Jinhui Li Yan Li Zhengfeng Zhang Xiaoqi Wang Jianli Shao Manling Sui Pengfei Yan Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids College of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing University of Technology Petro China research institute of petroleum exploration & development State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology

Constructing robust surface and bulk structure is the prerequisite for realizing high performance high voltage LiCoO2（LCO）.Herein,we manage to synthesize a surface Mg-doping and bulk Al-doping coreshell structured LCO,which demonstrates excellent cycling ***-cell shows 94.2% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 3.0-4.6 V（***/Li+） cycling,and no capacity decay after 300 cycles for fullcell test（3.0-4.55 V）.Based on comprehensive microanalysis and theoretical calculations,the degradation mechanisms and doping effects are systematically *** the undoped LCO,high voltage cycling induces severe interfacial and bulk degradations,where cracks,stripe defects,fatigue H2 phase,and spinel phase are identified in grain *** the doped LCO,Mg-doped surface shell can suppress the interfacial degradations,which not only stabilizes the surface structure by forming a thin rock-salt layer but also significantly improves the electronic conductivity,thus enabling superior rate *** Al-doping can suppress the lattice "breathing" effect and the detrimental H3 to H1-3 phase transition,which minimizes the internal strain and defects growth,maintaining the layered structure after prolonged *** theoretical calculations,this work deepens our understanding of the doping effects of Mg and Al,which is valuable in guiding the future material design of high voltage LCO.

关键词： Doping effect Electron microscopy Failure mechanism High-voltage LiCoO2 Lithium-ion battery

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Relationship between Natural Fracture and Structural Style and its Implication for Tight Gas Enrichment:A Case Study of Deep Ahe Formation in the Dibei–Tuzi Area,Kuqa Depression

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 1086-1110页

作者： XIA Lu XI Kelai YANG Xianzhang HAN Zhanghua XU Zhenping ZHOU Lu YU Guoding WANG Daoshen WANG Weiyu School of petroleum Engineering Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical TechnologyDongyingShandong 257061China National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong 266580China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorlaXinjiang 841000China

The deep Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation(J_(1a))in the Dibei–Tuzi area of the Kuqa Depression has not been extensively explored because of the complex distribution of fractures.A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the natural fracture distribution and structural *** J_(1a)fractures in this area were mainly high-angle shear fractures.A backward thrust structure(BTS)is favorable for gas migration and accumulation,probably because natural fractures are more developed in the middle and upper parts of a thick competent *** opposing thrust structure(OTS)was strongly compressed,and the natural fractures in the middle and lower parts of the thick competent layer around the fault were more *** vertical fracture distribution in the thick competent layers of an imbricate-thrust structure(ITS)differs from that of BTS and *** intensity of the fractures in the ITS anticline is similar to that in the *** density in monoclinic strata in a ITS is controlled by ***,the structural style controls the configuration of faults and anticlines,and the stress on the competent layers,which significantly affects deep gas reservoir *** enrichment of deep tight sandstone gas is likely controlled by two closely spaced faults and a fault-related anticline.

关键词： fracture distribution structural style deep tight sandstone electrical image logging Kuqa Depression Tarim Basin

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Controls of strike-slip fault on fractures:Insight from 3D discrete element simulation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 146-164页

作者： Lianbo ZENG Zhe MAO Guoping LIU He TIAN Yingtao YAO Kewei ZU Shaoqun DONG Mehdi OSTADHASSAN State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China exploration and development research institute Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch CompanySINOPECZhengzhou 457001China Northeast petroleum University Daqing 163318China

The fracture-cave reservoirs controlled by strike-slip faults are the main targets for oil and gas exploration of ultradeep carbonate in the Tarim *** is of great significance to clarify the distribution rules of fractures related to strike-slip faults for guiding the exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and *** this study,six groups of strike-slip fault 3D models based on discrete element numerical simulation method have been created to investigate characteristics of fault-related fracture development and distribution *** addition,we compared the modeling results to the measurement of fractures from the outcrop of a strike-slip fault in the Northern Tarim Basin to verify their *** results show that the stress environment is stable in the simple strike-slip section,and fractures intersecting with the strike-slip direction at a small angle are the principal *** the releasing stepover and double-bend sections,the maximum principal stress changes from horizontal to vertical during the formation of pull-apart zones,where the principal fractures intersect the strike-slip direction at a large *** maximum principal stress in the restraining stepover and double-bend section remains horizontal,but their strikes change significantly with the increment of fault ***,fractures intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures early on,while those parallel to or anti-intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures *** are obvious differences in the development of fractures in different structural positions of strike-slip *** are mainly concentrated in the fault tips,connections,and fault plane,and the magnitude of the fault damage zone is relatively larger in the first *** with fault displacement,the principal damage zone(PDZ)shows stronger control on the distribution and development intensity of *** the in

关键词： Strike-slip fault Fault-related fracture Stepover Double-bend Discrete element method

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Clay mineral transformation in medium–high maturity shale oil reservoir: a case study of the Qingshankou Formation， Songliao Basin， Northeast China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Xinping Liang Xueyu Yao Rukai Zhu Xiaojun Wang Zhijun Jin Changrong Li institute of Energy， Peking University State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective development College of Geosciences/National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering， China University of petroleum (Beijing) research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPEC

Currently， significant hurdles lie ahead in China’s lacustrine shale oil exploration and exploitation， particularly due to the high clay mineral content， which severely impacts pore development in organic-rich shales. In this study， we take the medium- to high-maturity shale of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) in the Gulong Sag， Songliao Basin， China， as an example and analyze the dynamic evolution of the clay minerals and their effects on pore development by core observations， scanning electron microscopy， X-ray diffraction， physical property and nitrogen adsorptions to provide a valuable reference for the effective evaluation of lacustrine clay-rich shale oil reservoirs. Our findings reveal that the dynamic transformation of clay minerals in the Qingshankou Formation is classified into three stages based on diagenesis， thermal maturity， and mineral characteristics: the initial stage (vitrinite reflectivity (Ro) 1.3%). Clay minerals play crucial roles in controlling shale reservoirs during the rapid transformation process， which is evidenced by the formation of shrinkage fractures， enhanced pore connectivity， increased porosity， and expanded space for shale oil adsorption and storage. In addition， authigenic quartz can form during the transformation of clay minerals， contributing to increased reservoir brittleness and improving the potential for reservoir fracturing.

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Hydrodynamic resistance of pore–throat structures and its effect on shale oil apparent permeability

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第2期11卷 101-110页

作者： Wendong Wang Qian Zhang Jilong Xu Da Zheng Lifeng Liu Yuliang Su Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas development Ministry of EducationQingdao 266580China School of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina PetroChina Oil Gas and New Energies CompanyBeijing 100083China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Oil transport is greatly affected by heterogeneous pore–throat structures present in *** is therefore very important to accurately characterize pore–throat ***,it remains unclear how pore–throat structures affect oil transport *** this paper,using finite element(FE)simulation and mathematical modeling,we calculated the hydrodynamic resistance for four pore–throat *** addition,the influence of pore throat structure on shale oil permeability is *** to the results,the hydrodynamic resistance of different pore throat structures can vary by 300%.The contribution of additional resistance caused by streamline bending is also in excess of 40%,even without slip ***-thermore,Pore–throat structures can affect apparent permeability by more than 60%on the REV scale,and this influence increases with heterogeneity of pore size distribution,organic matter content,and organic matter ***,modeling shale oil flow requires consideration of porous–throat structure and additional resistance,otherwise oil recovery and flow capacity may be overestimated.

关键词： Pore–throat structure Hydrodynamic resistance Apparent permeability REV-scale Shale oil

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Chemical, carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions constrain the origin of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gases in eastern Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3169-3185页

作者： Chunfang CAI Ilya KUTUZOV Wenhua MEI Daowei WANG Bing LUO Shipeng HUANG Bing HE Alon AMRANI China University of petroleum National Key Lab Petroleum Resource&EngineeringBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China institute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew UniversityJerusalem 91904Israel College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Yulin University Yulin 719000China research institute of exploration and development Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyPetroChinaChengdu 610051China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentBeijing 100083China

Methane dominated gas is one of the cleanest energy resources;however, there is no direct method to determine its source rock. Natural gases produced from the eastern Sichuan Basin together with seismic data were studied for their sources and secondary alteration by thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR). Our results demonstrate that Upper Permian to Lower Triassic(P_(3)ch-T_(1)f) gases in the surrounding of the Kaijiang-Liangping area show volatile organic sulfur compounds(VOSCs) δ^(34)S values close to those of the associated H_(2)S, and may have been altered by methane-dominated TSR, resulting in positive shift in methane δ^(13)C_(1)values with increasing TSR extents. Other(or group 2) gases produced from the P_(3)ch-T_(1)f reservoirs from the southern area and the Upper Carboniferous to Middle Permian(C_(2)h-P_(2)q) from the eastern Sichuan Basin are not significantly changed by TSR, show similar δ^(34)S values between the kerogens and some VOSCs, and may have been derived from the Lower Silurian and Middle Permian source rocks. This study demonstrates a case for the first time showing the δ^(34)S values of VOSCs can be used as a tool for direct correlation between non-TSR altered gas and source rocks. Methane-dominated gas pools can be found using gas and source rock geochemistry combined with seismic data.

关键词： Sulfur isotopes Volatile organic sulfur compounds Thermochemical sulfate reduction Sichuan Basin Gas-source rock correlation

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Conditions for the enrichment of karst hydrothermal resources in Bohai Bay Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 172-183页

作者： Pengwei Li Zhiliang He Zongquan Hu Ying Zhang Jianyun Feng petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPECBeijing100083China SINOPEC Beijing100728China

Drilling for karst hydrothermal resources in eastern China has posed challenges,including disparities between the temperature and yield of geothermal *** is evident that relying solely on geothermal anomalies or indications of karst reservoirs is inadequate for the exploration of karst hydrothermal *** study seeks to elucidate the cause of geothermal sweet spots by analyzing the interplay between geothermal anomalies and karst reservoirs and the underlying geological conditions for karst hydrothermal *** findings include:(1)the Bohai Bay Basin has been geologically favorable for the development of karst hydrothermal resources since the Mesozoic era;(2)the karst hydrothermal enrichment varies significantly between the basin’s margin and its *** the basin margin,the enrichment is largely driven by groundwater activity and faults,particularly where faults facilitate the upwelling of geothermal *** contrast,within the basin’s interior,karst hydrothermal resources are predominantly influenced by buried hills and are especially enriched in areas facilitating the discharge of deep geothermal waters.

关键词： Buried hill Karst hydrothermal resources Enrichment regularity Bohai bay basin

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