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Overload type and optimization of meadow carrying capacity in Maqin County in the Three-River Source Region,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第6期17卷 1387-1397页

作者： SUN Jin-jin WANG Peng-bin TONG Yong-shang HAO Yuan-yuan HE You-long WANG Hai-bo YU Xiao-jun College of grassland Science Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland EcosystemMinistry of Education/Sino-U.S.Center for Grassland Ecosystem SustainabilityLanzhou 730070China grassland Working station of Guoluo State Maqin 814000Qinghai ProvinceChina

Alpine meadows,comprising the main ecosystem of the Three-River Source Region,play an important role in the economic development of western pastoral *** determine whether the grazing level was too intense or the nutrient-carrying capacity of the meadows was overloaded,and to offer solutions in Maqin County,qinghai Province,China,the meadows carrying capacity was determined by combining grass-yield and nutrients data for different seasons across different *** results showed that the levels of crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),ash,soluble sugars(SS),gas production,and energy value of forage in the summer–autumn grazing meadows were higher than those of the winter–spring *** detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)of forage in the summer–autumn grazing meadows were lower than those of the winter–spring *** found that no pastures were overloaded with metabolizable energy(ME)for the whole year but digestible crude protein(DCP)was overloaded in winter–*** there were differences in the amount carrying capacity(forage yield)of seasonal grazing meadows for the different herds,the overload types were annual overloading(herd A),overloaded in summer–autumn(herd B),overloaded in winter–spring(herd C),and not overloaded(herd D).Compared with the previous grazing mode,theoretical carrying capacity,DCP carrying capacity,and ME carrying capacity of herd A increased by 20,19,and 27 sheep units,respectively,after optimization;herd B:36,31,and 45 sheep units,respectively;herd C:28,23,and 44 sheep units,respectively;and herd D:43,40,and 61 sheep units,*** the Three-River Source Region and similar alpine pastoral areas,the grassland-livestock structure should be optimized to improve grassland vegetation status and increase the theoretical carrying capacity.

关键词： Carrying capacity Forage In vitro gas production method Nutritional value Metabolizable energy Digestible crude protein

Determinants of species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems of western China

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 948-960页

作者： Chun-Jing Wang Rong Wang Chun-Mei Yu Yongcuo Pubu Wan-Gui Sun Xiao-Feng Dang Qiang-Feng Li Ji-Zhong Wan State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture College of Agriculture and Animal HusbandryQinghai UniversityXining 810016China Forestry and grassland Planning Institute of qinghai Province Xining 810016China Forest Pest Control and Quarantine station of qinghai Province Xining 810016China Forestry station of Yushu City Yushu 815000China

Background:Insect pests are a significant threat to natural resources and social *** species assemblages of insect pests can predict spatiotemporal pest ***,research gaps remain regarding the mechanism for determining species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ***,we explored these determinants using a field investigation conducted for insect pests in a region of the qinghai-Tibet *** assessed the species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems based on species co-occurrence patterns and species diversity(i.e.,observed diversity,dark diversity,community completeness,and species pool).A probabilistic model was used to test for statistically significant pairwise patterns of species co-occurrence using the presence-absence matrix of pest species based on species *** used ordinary least squares regression modeling to explore relationships between abiotic factors(i.e.,climate factors and human influence)and species ***:Positive pest species interactions and many association links can occur widely across different investigation sites and parts of plant hosts in alpine forest *** detected high dark diversity and low community completeness of insect pests in alpine forest *** temperature and precipitation could promote pest species diversity,particularly dark diversity and species *** influence could drive high levels of pest species diversity and lead to dark diversity and species *** completeness could be an effective indicator for insect pest risk ***:Our study provides new evidence for the determinants of insect pest species assemblages in alpine forest ecosystems from the perspectives of pest species interactions and abiotic *** findings of our study could reveal the mechanism for shaping species assemblages and support the prevention and control of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems.

关键词： Alpine forest ecosystems Community completeness Dark diversity Insect pest Species co-occurrence Species diversity

Response mechanism of soil microorganisms to simulated precipitation in the source wetland of qinghai Lake

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 61-71页

作者： Xinye Wang Ni Zhang Kelong Chen Tiexi Chen Desheng Qi Yuanxi Ma School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal University National Positioning Observation and Research station of qinghai Lake Wetland Ecosystem in qinghai National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education) Qinghai Normal University School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology qinghai Provincial land spatial Planning Research Institute

Background Changes in precipitation patterns crucially impact soil microbial communities, and the ecosystem in qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) is highly vulnerable to climate change. However, we do not fully understand how soil microbial communities in the source wetlands of QTP respond to changes in precipitation. In this study, we employed advanced techniques such as high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics to investigate how soil microbial communities in a source wetland of qinghai Lake respond to changes in precipitation after quadrennial precipitation *** Our findings showed that the predominant microbiota in the source wetland was Proteobacteria. Interestingly, alterations in precipitation levels, whether increased or reduced, did not significantly impact the diversity or functional groups of the microbial community. However, the structure of the microbial community did respond notably to changes in precipitation, leading to shifts in the relative abundance of Spirochaetes and Treponema. A notable finding was that reduced precipitation levels(– 25% and-50%) and mild increases in precipitation(25%) within the region contributed to increased soil carbon content. However, this effect ceased to manifest when precipitation increased by 50%. Additionally, the reduction in precipitation prompted the release of soil metabolites like syringic acid and aldosterone, while enhanced precipitation resulted in a decrease in aldosterone *** Precipitation changes altered the relative abundance of soil microbial communities and metabolites, which was conducive to increasing carbon storage in this alpine wetland.

关键词： qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change Precipitation gradient Carbon and nitrogen cycles LC/MS

Surveillance of pine wilt disease by high resolution satellite

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1401-1408页

作者： Hongwei Zhou Xinpei Yuan Huanyu Zhou Hengyu Shen Lin Ma Liping Sun Guofei Fang Hong Sun College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China general station of Forest and grassland Pest Managerment National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationShenyang 110034People’s Republic of China

Pine wilt disease caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has led to the death of a large number of pine trees in *** destructive disease has the characteristics of bring wide-spread,fast onset,and long incubation *** importantly,in China,the fatality rate in pines is as high as 100%.The key to reducing this mortality is how to quickly find the infected *** proposed a method of automatically identifying infected trees by a convolution neural network and bounding box *** method rapidly locates the infected area by classifying and recognizing remote sensing images obtained by high resolution earth observation *** recognition accuracy of the test data set was 99.4%,and the remote sensing image combined with convolution neural network algorithm can identify and determine the distribution of the infected *** can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of pine wilt disease.

关键词： Pine wilt disease Satellite remote sensing image Pest identification Convolution neural network

Plateau pikas near roads are bold and silent when facing a potential predator

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 552-558页

作者： Bicheng Zhua Jiapeng Qu Jianguo Cui CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesQinghai 810008China qinghai Haibei National Field Research station of Alpine grassland Ecosystem Qinghai 810008China

Human disturbance,particularly road traffic,is one of the greatest threats to *** the association between alerting behavior and the survival of animals,it is important to study the effects of road traffic on alerting behavior of *** studies assessing the shortterm impact of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife have focused on vigilance ***,studies on the use of alarm calls are scarce,and it is unclear whether such behavioral responses change after repeated exposure to road *** assessed the alerting behavior of plateau pikas(Ochotona curzoniae)who were near or far from roads when facing a potential *** found that pikas near roads exhibited shorter vigilance and tolerance distances,and produced fewer alarm calls than those relatively far away from ***,both vigilance and tolerance distances of plateau pikas were significantly positively correlated with the distance from the burrow to the *** traffic reduced antipredator responses and shaped alerting behavior;that is,pikas near roads were bolder and more silent compared to those far away from *** findings suggest that increasing urbanization will have corresponding effects on animal behavior,which may have significant fitness effects in the future.

关键词： alarm call flight initiation distance plateau pika qinghai-Tibet Plateau road traffic vigilant behavior

The disease resistance potential of Trichoderma asperellum T-Pa2 isolated from Phellodendron amurense rhizosphere soil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 321-331页

作者： Zeyang Yu Zhihua Liu Yuzhou Zhang Zhiying Wang School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University26 Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China general station of Forest and grassland Pest Management National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationShenyang 110034People’s Republic of China College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866People’s Republic of China

To promote the application of Trichoderma,many countries have collected Trichoderma *** the present study,nine isolates were isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Phellodendron amurense and were identified as three species:Trichoderma brevicompactum(one isolate),***(two isolates),***(six isolates).Dual culture experiments showed that *** T-Pa2 grew fast and produced the best inhibition rates against six tested pathogens(80.25–91.65%)via competition and *** davidiana×*** *** Louche(PdPap poplar)was treated with T-Pa2,which increased the catalase activity,nitrate reductase activity,and content of osmosis molecules significantly(P<0.05).Meanwhile,induction by T-Pa2 increased the resistance of PdPap poplar against Alternaria alternata via modulating the expression of salicylic acid,jasmonic acid,and auxin transduction pathway *** results will form the basis for the collection and application of biocontrol agents in forestry.

关键词： Biological control Trichoderma identification Antifungal property Enzyme activity

Estimation of Economic and Ecological Value of Raising Sheep in Pastoral Area

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第6期12卷 4-8,12页

作者： Zenghai LUO Shengzhen HOU Zhiyou WANG Yuchun XIN Huakun ZHOU Guiying YUAN general station of Animal Husbandry of qinghai Province Xining 810001 China qinghai University Xining 810016 China general station of grassland of qinghai Province Xining 810001 China Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of qinghai Province Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China

Tibetan sheep is a unique breed of livestock in Alpine pastoral areas,which is one of the main economic pillars of animal husbandry in pastoral areas,in order to analyze and compare the estimated the economic and ecological benefits of Tibetan sheep under different feeding modes,this paper used a simplified model from multiple angles of animal production,economics and Ecology,The results show that:(i)Under the traditional grazing condition,the annual income of raising one ewe is only 23.4 yuan;(ii)Under the high-efficiency breeding mode,the average income of ewes bred by high-efficiency technology was 168 yuan/(head·year),which was 7 times higher than that of ewes under traditional grazing;each lamb could produce an indirect economic benefit of 500 yuan;(iii)The ecosystem service value affected by each Tibetan sheep through grassland was above 150000 yuan.

关键词： Tibetan sheep Alpine pastoral area Traditional grazing Ecological value

Matrine inhibits mycelia growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea by affecting membrane permeability

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 1105-1113页

作者： Jialiang Pan Xin Hao Hanwen Yao Kangkang Ge Ling Ma Wei Ma College of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040People’s Republic of China general station of Forest and grassland Pest Management National Forestry and Grassland Administration Shenyang 110034People’s Republic of China College of Pharmacy Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China

Matrine is a promising botanical antifungal;however, the mechanism underlying the antifungal activity is yet limited. We studied the antifungal activity of matrine and the underlying mechanism in Botryosphaeria dothidea as a model strain. Matrine strongly inhibited mycelial growth of B. dothidea in a dose-dependent manner. Matrine-treated B. dothidea showed morphological and ultrastructural alterations, including shriveled hyphae, plasmolysis, and leakage of cytoplasm related to cell membrane deterioration. In addition, matrine caused significantly high conductivity and absorbance (260 nm) in extracellular matrices and low lipid contents in B. dothidea, indicating increased membrane permeability. Lipid peroxidation showed that matrine resulted in increased malondialdehyde content while enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. These results showed that matrine inhibited the mycelial growth of B. dothidea by enhancing cell membrane permeability via membrane lipid peroxidation.

关键词： Matrine Antifungal activity Botryosphaeria dothidea Membrane permeability Lipid peroxidation

Characteristics of microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in typical rivers of the western qinghai Lake basin

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Water Biology and Security

Water Biology and Security 2024年第2期3卷 46-54页

作者： Jia Jia Xiaoyan Xi Xin Li Hongjuan Hu Kelong Chen Chenxi Wu State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXining810008QinghaiChina qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process College of Geographical ScienceQinghai Normal UniversityXining810008China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education) Qinghai Normal UniversityXining810008China National Positioning Observation and Research station of qinghai Lake Wetland Ecosystem in qinghai National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationHaibei812300China qinghai Lake Comprehensive Observation and Research station Chinese Academy of SciencesGonghe813099China

Environmental factors and anthropogenic activity are key factors that shape the distribution of bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in natural ***,few studies have focused on the occurrence of bacteria and ARGs in remote and pristine *** this study,the distribution of bacteria and ARGs in two typical rivers of the western qinghai Lake basin was *** showed that cold-resistant Planomicrobium *** the predominant genus due to the low temperature,followed by unclassified_f_*** nitrogen nutrients increased the abundance and diversity of the bacteria community and denitrification was the dominant means of bacterial nitrate *** resistance genes including tetA,tetB,and tetC were the dominant ARGs in the western qinghai Lake basin,ranging from 2.30×10^(3)to 1.91×10^(8)copies/L,while the low abundances of intI1,and ARGs such as sul1 indicated low anthropogenic activity in the western qinghai Lake ***,the strong positive correlation between ARGs and intI1 highlights the potential transmission risk of ARGs through cross-or co-selection by horizontal gene *** study emphasized the adaptation of bacteria to the environment and the facilitation of anthropogenic activity in the propagation of ARGs in natural environments.

关键词： Bacteria Antibiotic resistance gene Environmental factor Anthropogenic activity qinghai lake