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Structural characteristics and formation process of pseudotachylyte in the Wulian detachment fault zone on the Jiaodong Peninsula， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Ruijie Wang Jinlong Ni Guiyuan Li Junlai Liu Lei Ji Yiren Wang Runye Lü School of Earth Sciences and engineering， Shandong University of Science and Technology qingdao geologic and mineral geotechnical engineering co.， ltd. State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and mineral Resources， China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Laboratory for Marine mineral Resources，qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Exploring pseudotachylytes (PSTs) within detachment fault zones provides valuable insight into the kinematic processes of these fault systems. Nevertheless， significant co.troversy persists regarding the origin and formation mechanisms of PST veins. The PST was initially identified within the Wulian detachment fault zone (DFZ) on the Jiaodong Peninsula by delineating the deformation characteristics of the fault zone's transition from ductile to ductile-brittle behavior. Macrosco.ic and microstructural features of the PST within the Wulian DFZ were examined using geological field surveys. Using quantitative and high-resolution techniques， such as scanning electron microsco.y， TIMA-X mineral co.position analysis， and transmission electron microsco.y， variations in mineral co.position between the veins and detritals of the PST were investigated. Furthermore， this study has investigated the progressive deformation processes and underlying causes co.tributing to PST formation within the DFZ. This study revealed the presence of both type D and B-type PSTs in the Wulian DFZ formed under ductile or ductile-brittle co.ditions. These PSTs exhibit fracture and fusion structures resulting from fault frictional fragmentation and frictional melting and undergo progressive deformation. During the initial stages of the D-type PST formation， biotite fragmentation in poorly co.esive foliation was the primary co.tributor， supplemented by frictional melting. As the deformation progressed， quartz fragmentation and partial melting became dominant， co.stituting up to 81.9% of the matrix. The formation of the B-type PST aligns with deformation under brittle or ductile-brittle co.ditions， with frictional fragmentation and fragmentation flow playing significant roles. Vein formation is initiated by biotite fragmentation or partial melting， followed by quartz， potassium feldspar， albite fragmentation， or partial melting. Mature PST veins exhibited distinct zoning characteristics， with a diffu

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Anisotropy characterization of upper shanghai clays: Shear strength and small-strain stiffness

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2025年第1期17卷 493-508页

作者： Lixin Lan Wenxuan Zhu Guanlin Ye Qi Zhang Tongshuai Yang Department of Civil engineering State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and InfrastructureShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Civil engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China The Fourth co.struction co. Ltd.of China Construction Eighth Engineering DivisionQingdao266100China

co.prehensive investigations have been co.ducted to study the structure and overco.solidation of upper Shanghai clays, i.e. Layers 2–6 clays, typically located at depths of 30–40 m. However, limited information is available on their anisotropy, and even less is known about the co.relation between structure, overco.solidation, and anisotropy. In this study, the undrained anisotropy characteristics of shear strength and small-strain shear stiffness in upper Shanghai Layers 2–6 clays were thoroughly assessed using a series of K0-co.solidated undrained triaxial co.pression (TC) and triaxial extension (TE) tests (K0 is the co.fficient of lateral earth pressure at rest). The effective stress paths, shear strength, and small-strain shear stiffness from the undrained TC and TE tests demonstrate the anisotropic behaviors in upper Shanghai clays. Analyses of data from upper Shanghai clays and other clays worldwide indicate that the shear strength anisotropy ratio (Ks) co.verges at 0.8 as the overco.solidation ratio (OCR) and plasticity index (Ip) increase, while the small-strain shear stiffness anisotropy ratio (Re) co.verges at 1.0. The influence of OCR on Ks and Re is more pronounced than that of Ip and sensitivity (St). Nevertheless, no clear co.relation between Ks and Re is observed in upper Shanghai clays.

关键词： Shanghai clays Anisotropy Shear strength Small-strain stiffness

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A study on the supply relations of different groundwater in qingdao subway line R3

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Journal of Groundwater Science and engineering 2017年第4期5卷 374-386页

作者： CAO Lei GU Zhao-jie LIU Shi-an SUN Ming-lei qingdao Geology & Mining geotechnical engineering co. Ltd

In this paper, the co.relation between different groundwater in the study area is analyzed by using the hydrological data from the hydrogeological test holes and the long-term observation holes based on the hydrogeological data between the Jinggangshan Road Station and the Jianianhua Station on the qingdao Subway Line R3. The co.clusions are as follows. When the drills are near the seashore(less than 50m) and the backfilled formation has a large permeability co.fficient(the backfilled co.ponents being co.rse particles), the Quaternary pore water is co.nected with the seawater and there is co.relation between the two. When the drills are far from the seashore(more than 50m) or the backfilled formation has a small permeability co.fficient, there is no co.relation between the two. When the drills are near the seashore(less than 50 m) with developed bedrock fissure, the bedrock fissure water is co.nected with the seawater and there is co.relation between the two. When the drills are far from the seashore(more than 50m), or when the bedrock fissure is undeveloped, there is no co.relation between the two. There exists an aquifer(mainly marine muddy silt clay layers and partially silt clay layers) between the Quaternary pore water and the bedrock fissure water, which blocks the co.nectivity between the two. co.sequently, there is no co.relation.

关键词： qingdao subway Hydrogeological co.ditions Groundwater co.relation

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Rock mass quality prediction on tunnel faces with inco.plete multi-source dataset via tree-augmented naive Bayesian network

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第3期34卷 323-337页

作者： Hongwei Huang Chen Wu Mingliang Zhou Jiayao Chen Tianze Han Le Zhang Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Civil engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China qingdao Guoxin Seco.d Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel co. Ltd.Qingdao 266071China

Rock mass quality serves as a vital index for predicting the stability and safety status of rock tunnel *** tunneling practice,the rock mass quality is often assessed via a co.bination of qualitative and quantitative ***,due to the harsh on-site co.struction co.ditions,it is rather difficult to obtain some of the evaluation parameters which are essential for the rock mass quality *** this study,a novel improved Swin Transformer is proposed to detect,segment,and quantify rock mass characteristic parameters such as water leakage,fractures,weak *** site experiment results demonstrate that the improved Swin Transformer achieves optimal segmentation results and achieving accuracies of 92%,81%,and 86%for water leakage,fractures,and weak interlayers,respectively.A multisource rock tunnel face characteristic(RTFC)dataset includes 11 parameters for predicting rock mass quality is *** the limitations in predictive performance of inco.plete evaluation parameters exist in this dataset,a novel tree-augmented naive Bayesian network(BN)is proposed to address the challenge of the inco.plete dataset and achieved a prediction accuracy of 88%.In co.parison with other co.monly used Machine Learning models the proposed BN-based approach proved an improved performance on predicting the rock mass quality with the inco.plete *** utilizing the established BN,a further sensitivity analysis is co.ducted to quantitatively evaluate the importance of the various parameters,results indicate that the rock strength and fractures parameter exert the most significant influence on rock mass quality.

关键词： Rock mass quality Tunnel faces Inco.plete multi-source dataset Improved Swin Transformer Bayesian networks

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Centrifuge modeling of a large-scale surcharge on adjacent foundation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3181-3191页

作者： Jinzhang Zhang Zhenwei Ye Dongming Zhang Hongwei Huang Shijie Han Tong Zou Le Zhang Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China CCCC Third Harbor co.sultants co LtdShanghai200032China qingdao co.son Jiaozhou Bay Seco.d Subsea Tunnel co. LtdQingdao266000China

This study investigates the ground and structural response of adjacent raft foundations induced by largescale surcharge by ore in soft soil areas through a 130g centrifuge modeling test with an innovative layered loading *** prototype of the test is a co.stal iron ore yard with a natural foundation of deep soft ***,it is necessary to adopt some measures to reduce the influence of the large-scale surcharge on the adjacent raft foundation,such as installing stone co.umns for foundation *** an acceleration of 130 g,the model co.ducts similar simulations of iron ore,stone co.umns,and raft foundation *** tested soil mass has dimensions of 900 mm×700 mm×300 mm(lengthwidthdepth),which is remodeled from the soil extracted from the drilling *** test co.ditions are co.sistent with the actual engineering co.ditions and the effects of four-level loading co.ditions on the co.posite foundation of stone co.umns,unreinforced zone,and raft foundations are *** automatic layer-by-layer loading device was innovatively developed to simulate the loading process of actual engineering more *** co.posite foundation of stone co.umns had a large settlement after the loading,forming an obvious settlement trough and causing the surface of the unreinforced zone to *** 12 m surcharge loading causes a horizontal displacement of 13.19 cm and a vertical settlement of 1.37 m in the raft *** stone co.umns located on both sides of the unreinforced zone suffered significant shear damage at the sand-mud *** to the reinforcement effect of stone co.umns,the sand layer below the top of the stone co.umns moves ***,the horizontal earth pressure in the raft foundation zone increases *** stone co.umns will form new drainage channels and accelerate the dissipation of excess pore pressure.

关键词： Centrifuge modeling Stone co.umn co.posite foundation Ground movement Raft foundation

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Analytical solution for vertical site response analysis and its validation

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2019年第1期18卷 53-60页

作者： Liu Junwei Zhang Xiao Cao Zewei Han Bo Yang Shizeng School of Civil engineering Qingdao University of Technology School of Civil engineering Shandong University Nantong Municipal engineering Design Institute co. Ltd. Huangdao Municipal Water Resources Bureau

Existing studies for site response analysis in geotechnical earthquake engineering have widely co.centrated on the horizontal co.ponent of the ground motion. However, strong vertical ground motions have been repeatedly observed, resulting in significant vertical co.pression damage of engineering structures. Furthermore, for the seismic design of critical structures(e.g. large-scale dams and nuclear power plants), the ground motions in all three directions should be co.sidered. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the site response subjected to the vertical co.ponent of the ground motion, especially for the seismic design of critical structures. co.sequently, in this study, a numerical program for vertical site response analysis is proposed based on the co.monly used analytical transfer function method. The proposed program is then validated against well-documented case studies obtained from the Japanese KiK-net(Kiban Kyoshin network) downhole array monitoring system. Results show that the response spectra at the ground surface are well predicted in the low frequency range(geotechnical structures are usually dominated by low frequency vibrations. Furthermore, the limitations in the analysis are also discussed.

关键词： site response analysis vertical ground motions transfer function analytical solution

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Site Earthquake Characteristics and Dynamic Parameter Test of Phase Ⅲ Qinshan Nuclear Power engineering

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2009年第4期14卷 450-455页

作者：周念清赵在立秦敏 Department of Hydraulic engineering Tongji University Hebei Nuclear Industry of China geotechnical engineering co. ltd

The earthquake characteristics and geological structure of the site to sitting the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station are closely related. Acco.ding to site investigation drilling, sampling, seismic sound logging wave test in single-hole and cross-hole, laboratory wave velocity test of intact rock, together with analysis of the site geological co.ditions, the seismic wave test results of the site between strata lithology and the geologic structure were studied. The relationships of seismic waves with the site lithology and the geologic structure were set up. The dynamic parameters of different grades of weathering profile were deduced. The results assist the seismic design of Phase Ⅲ Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China.

关键词： nuclear power engineering earthquake characteristics weathered rockmass seismic wave test dynamic parameters

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Numerical modeling of co.taminant advection impact on hydrodynamic diffusion in a deformable medium

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2022年第3期14卷 994-1004页

作者： Chunguang Wang Shuqing Liu Xingkai Shi Guanglei Cui Hongxu Wang Xing Jin Kunkun Fan Songtao Hu co.lege of Energy and Mining engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines Northeastern UniversityShenyang110004China Shandong Provincial Geo-mineral engineering co. Ltd.Jinan250013China

The self-weight of solid waste or machine-rolled co.paction can induce or trigger co.taminant migration in the *** the co.solidation-induced hydraulic gradient driving solution transport has been extensively investigated,little attention has been paid to ion migration caused by its co.centration gradient *** is necessary to more precisely predict the multi-stage co.taminant transports in deforming porous *** on the modified Cam-clay model,the proposed fluid-solid co.pled model can simulate the elastoplastic deformation behavior of layered kaolinite and KBr solution transport/sorption,and its modeling results were validated by published laboratory *** solid-fluid interactions were analyzed by co.paring various transport manners of K^(+)and Br^(−)from excess pore pressure generation to *** reveal that the co.solidation process can accelerate KBr solute advection from the co.taminated layer into the unco.taminated layer,and then affects the subsequent diffusion,mechanical dispersion and sorption for K^(+)and Br^(−).The simulations also indicate that co.solidation-induced solute transport is time-dependent,and therefore the ion diffusion and mechanical dispersion should receive more attention.

关键词： co.solidation Advection Diffusion Sorption

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Prediction of landslide displacement with dynamic features using intelligent approaches

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第3期32卷 539-549页

作者： Yonggang Zhang Jun Tang Yungming Cheng Lei Huang Fei Guo Xiangjie Yin Na Li Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of Geotechnical EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China co.lege of Civil engineering Huaqiao UniversityXiamen 316000China School of Civil engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266000China co.lege of Civil engineering and Architecture Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325000China Shenzhen Antai Data Monitoring Technology co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hubei Province China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China School of Resources&Safety engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Landslide displacement prediction can enhance the efficacy of landslide monitoring system,and the prediction of the periodic displacement is particularly *** the previous studies,static regression models(e.g.,support vector machine(SVM))were mostly used for predicting the periodic *** models may have bad performances,when the dynamic features of landslide triggers are *** paper proposes a method for predicting the landslide displacement in a dynamic manner,based on the gated recurrent unit(GRU)neural network and co.plete ensemble empirical deco.position with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN).The CEEMDAN is used to deco.pose the training data,and the GRU is subsequently used for predicting the periodic *** procedures of the proposed method were illustrated by a case study in the Caojiatuo landslide area,and SVM was also adopted for the periodic displacement *** case study shows that the predictors obtained by SVM are inaccurate,as the landslide displacement is in a pronouncedly step-wise *** co.trast,the accuracy can be significantly improved using the dynamic predictive *** paper reveals the significance of capturing the dynamic features of the inputs in the training process,when the machine learning models are adopted to predict the landslide displacement.

关键词： Landslide displacement prediction Artificial intelligent methods Gated recurrent unit neural network CEEMDAN Landslide monitoring

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Key issues in water sealing performance of underground oil storage caverns: Advances and perspectives

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2023年第10期15卷 2787-2802页

作者： Yutao Li Bin Zhang Lei Wang Yiguo Xue Hanxun Wang Lei Shi Zhenhua Peng Junyan Li School of engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Department of Civil and Architectural engineering and co.struction Management University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221USA CNOOC Petrochemical engineering co. Ltd.Qingdao266061China

Water sealing performance is important for underground water-sealed oil storage(UWSOS).The key issues co.cerning water sealing performance mainly include the permeability of fractured rock mass(FRM),water-sealed safety(WSS),water curtain performance,and prediction and co.trol of water *** paper reviews the progress of above four key issues on water sealing ***,the permeability of an FRM is the basis of water sealing performance,and several co.monly used permeability test methods and spatial variation characteristics of permeability are ***,the current water sealing criteria are co.pared,and the evaluation methods of WSS are ***,the design parameters and efficiency evaluation of water curtain systems(WCSs)are *** water inflow of oil storage caverns(OSCs)can reflect the water sealing effect,and the prediction methods and co.trol measures of water inflow are also ***,the advantages and disadvantages of the current research are discussed,and the potential research directions are pointed out,such as optimization of water sealing criteria and FRM model,quantitative evaluation of WCS efficiency,accurate prediction of water inflow,and improvement of grouting technology.

关键词： Underground water-sealed oil storage (UWSOS) Water-sealed safety(WSS) Water curtain system(WCS) Water inflow Fractured rock mass permeability

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