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Biochar aerogel-based electrocatalyst towards efficient oxygen evolution in acidic media

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 533-545页

作者： Bin Hui Hongjiao Chen Chengfeng Zhou Liping Cai Kewei Zhang Fengyu Quan Dongjiang Yang State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological TextileInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Environmental Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTX 76207USA

The controllable synthesis of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalyst is an urgent need to advance the develop-ment of sustainable energy conversion and ***,the OER efficiency in acidic media is seriously hindered by slow reaction *** traditional acidic OER electrocatalysts are more prone to be oxidized and corroded as results of unstable carrier structures and variable electronic states of active ***,a high-performing biochar aerogel(BA)based electrocatalyst were realistically designed and synthetized via joint utilization of the terrestrial lignin and seaweed polysaccharide as carbon *** from the induction effect of"egg-box"structure in alginate and the self-template effect of lignosulfonate,the BA decorated with Ru/RuS_(2)particles was synthesized *** as-synthesized electrocatalyst required a low overpotential of 228 mV to attain 10 mA cm^(−2)in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)and exhibited a good stability for over 12,000 *** good activity was strongly dependent on the assembled unique two-dimensional/three-dimensional(2D/3D)channels in carbon ***,the numerous defective sites at carbon could strongly interact with the Ru/RuS_(2)heterojunction for remarkably enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of whole catalytic system in acidic *** work puts forward a novel and effective strategy towards the enhancement of the acidic OER process by rational regu-lations of the BA and the coupling effect in micro-interface.

关键词： Biochar aerogel Defective sites Ru-based compounds Acidic media Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Metagenomic analysis on resistance genes in water and microplastics from a mariculture system

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 77-89页

作者： Jian Lu Jun Wu Jianhua Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal environmental Processes and ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental ProcessesYICCASYantai 264003China Yantai Research Institute Harbin Engineering UniversityYantai 264006China center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Microplastics existing widely in different matrices have been regarded as a reservoir for emerging *** systems have been observed to host microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).However,more information on proliferation of ARGs and metal resistance genes(MRGs)in mariculture system at the presence of microplastics is *** study used metagenomic analysis to investigate the distribution of ARGs and MRGs in water and microplastics of a typical mariculture *** 18 types including 174 subtypes of ARGs were detected with the total relative abundances of 1.22/1.25 copies per 16S rRNA copy for microplastics/*** resistance genes were the dominant ARGs with the abundance of 0.35/0.42 copies per 16S rRNA copy for microplastics/*** intI1 was dominant gene among 6 detected mobile genetic elements(MGEs)with the abundance of 75.46/68.70 copies per 16S rRNA copy for water/*** 9 types including 46 subtypes of MRGs were detected with total abundance of 5.02×10^(2)/6.39×10^(2)copies per 16S rRNA copy for water/microplastics while genes resistant to copper and iron served as the dominant ***,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria accounted for 84.2%/89.5%of total microbial community in microplastics/*** with relatively high abundance were significantly positively related to major genera,MGEs,and *** in mariculture system could enrich most of MRGs and some ARGs to serve as potential reservoir for these *** findings of this study will provide important information on resistance gene pollution at presence of microplastics in the mariculture system for further proposing suitable strategy of environmental management.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Metal resistance genes Metagenomic analysis Microplastics Mariculture

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Fate of microplastics in a coastal wastewater treatment plant: Microfibers could partially break through the integrated membrane system

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 185-194页

作者： Ying Cai Jun Wu Jian Lu Jianhua Wang Cui Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal environmental Processes and ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental ProcessesYICCASYantai264003China Yantai Research Institute Harbin Engineering UniversityYantai264006China center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China

Rare information on the fate of microplastics in the integrated membrane system (IMS) system in full-scale wastewater treatment plant was available. The fate of microplastics in IMS in a coastal reclaimed water plant was investigated. The removal rate of microplastics in the IMS system reached 93.2% after membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment while that further increased to 98.0% after the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process. The flux of microplastics in MBR effluent was reduced from 1.5 × 10^(13) MPs/d to 10.2 × 10^(11) MPs/d while that of the RO treatment decreased to 2.7 × 10^(11) MPs/d. Small scale fiber plastics (< 200 μm) could break through RO system according to the size distribution analysis. The application of the IMS system in the reclaimed water plant could prevent most of the microplastics from being discharged in the coastal water. These findings suggested that the IMS system was more efficient than conventional activated sludge system (CAS) for the removal of microplastics, while the discharge of small scale fiber plastics through the IMS system should also not be neglected because small scale fiber plastics (< 200 μm) could break through IMS system equipped with the RO system.

关键词： Water reclamation Integrated membrane system Microplastics Removal Coastal zone

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Polymerization Kinetics of Propylene with the MgCl_(2)-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts——Active centers with Different Tacticity and Fragmentation of the Catalyst

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年第1期39卷 70-80,I0006页

作者： Wei-Ping Zheng Ya-Ping Ma Da-Lin Du Ai-Hua He Hua-Feng Shao Chen-Guang Liu shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics(Ministry of Education)School of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China

The catalytic activity and stereospecificity of olefin polymerization by using heterogeneous TiCl_(4)/MgCl_(2) Ziegler-Natta(Z-N) catalysts are determined by the structure and nature of active centers, which are mysterious and fairly controversial. In this work, the propylene polymerization kinetics under different polymerization temperatures by using Z-N catalysts were investigated through monitoring the concentration of active centers [C*] with different tacticity. SEM was applied to characterize the catalyst morphologies and growing polypropylene(PP) particles. The lamellar thickness and crystallizability of PP obtained under different polymerization conditions were analyzed by DSC and SAXS. The PP fractions and active centers with different tacticity were obtained with solvent extraction fractionation method. The catalytic activity, active centers with different tacticity and propagation rate constant kp, fragmentation of the catalyst, crystalline structure of PP are correlated with temperature and time for propylene polymerizations. The polymerization temperature and time show complex influences on the propylene polymerization. The higher polymerization temperature(60 ℃) resulted higher activity, kp and lower [C*], and the isotactic active centers Ci* as the majority ones producing the highest isotactic polypropylene(iPP) components showed much higher kp when compared with the active centers with lower stereoselectivity. Appropriate polymerization time provided full fragmentation of the catalyst and minimum diffusion limitation. This work aims to elucidate the formation and evolution of active centers with different tacticity under different polymerization temperature and time and its relations with the fragmentation of the PP/catalyst particles, and provide the solutions to the improvement of catalyst activity and isotacticity of PP.

关键词： Polypropylene Catalytic activity Active center Catalyst fragmentation

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Microbial activity was greater in soils added with herb residue vermicompost than chemical fertilizer

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第3期2卷 209-219页

作者： Meirong Lv Jingjuan Li Weixin Zhang Bo Zhou Jun Dai Chi Zhang The College of Natural Resources and environment South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510650China Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment TechnologyNational Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring EquipmentQingdao 260000China Agricultural Technology Promotion center of Huicheng District Huizhou 516008China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of Education/College of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Tea Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

Herb residue vermicompost is thought to have high agriculture value,while its effects on soil microbial activities have not been fully ***,soil microbial biomass,respiration and enzyme activities in soil planted with maize were compared among treatments amended with herb residue vermicompost at rates of 25,50,75 and 100 g kg^(-1),chemical NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer(the control).Our results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon,respiration,and alkaline phosphatase,urease,and invertase activities were greater in soil amended with herb residue vermicompost than the unfertilized control(P<0.05).Compared with chemical fertilizer,herb residue vermicompost increased soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities at each application rate,promoted soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon at the application rates of 50,75 and 100 g kg^(-1),and increased soil inverse activity at the application rates of 75 and 100 g kg^(-1).In conclusion,herb residue vermicompost supported greater soil microbial biomass,respiration and enzyme activities than conventional NPK fertilizer,and the effect was larger when higher rates of herb residue vermicompost were added.

关键词： Soil Herb residue vermicompost Microbial biomass Respiration Enzyme activity

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Physical processes causing the formation of hypoxia off the Changjiang estuary after Typhoon Chan-hom, 2015

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第1期37卷 1-17页

作者： GUO Yaru RONG Zengrui LI Bo XU Zhao LI Pixue LI Xiaodan Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST Ocean University of China qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean University Shanghai Marine environmental monitoring and Forecasting center

Severe hypoxia was observed in the submarine canyon to the east of the Changjiang estuary in July 14, 2015, two days after typhoon Chan-hom. The oxygen concentration reached as low as 2.0 mg/L and occupied a water column of about 25 m. A ROMS model was con?gured to explore the underlying physical processes causing the formation of hypoxia. Chan-hom passed through the Changjiang estuary during the neap tide. The strati?cation was completely destroyed in the shallow nearshore region when typhoon passing. However, it was maintained in the deep canyon, though the surface mixed layer was largely deepened. The residual water in the deep canyon is considered to be the possible source of the later hypoxia. After Chan-hom departure, not only the low salinity plume water spread further of fshore, but also the sea surface temperature(SST) rewarmed quickly. Both changes helped strengthen the strati?cation and facilitate the formation of hypoxia. It was found that the surface heat ?ux, especially the solar short wave radiation dominated the surface re-warming, the of fshore advection of the warmer Changjiang Diluted Water(CDW) also played a role. In addition to the residual water in the deep canyon, the Taiwan Warm Current(TWC) was found to ?ow into the deep canyon pre-and soon post-Chan-hom, which was considered to be the original source of the hypoxia water.

关键词： hypoxia Changjiang estuary deep canyon vertical mixing advection heat fl ux

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Removal of steroid hormones from mariculture system using seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 1-11页

作者： Jian Lu Cui Zhang Jun Wu CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal environmental Processes and ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental ProcessesYICCASYantai 264003China center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Yantai Research Institute and Graduate School Harbin Engineering UniversityYantai 265501China

The removal of steroid hormones from the mariculture system using seaweeds(Caulerpa lentillifera,Ulva pertusa,Gracilaria lemaneiformis,and Codium fragile)was *** results illustrated that both 17β-estradiol(E_(2))and 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE_(2))could be removed by the seaweeds at different levels,and the Caulerpa lentillifera was the most efficient *** than 90%of E_(2) or EE_(2) at concentration of 10μg/L was removed by Caulerpa lentillifera within 12 *** including initial quick biosorption,the following slow accumulation,and biodegradation might explain the removal mechanisms of E_(2)/EE_(2) by Caulerpa lentillifera.E_(2)/EE_(2) removal was positively related to the nutrient level and the initial concentration of steroid hormone.A significant linear relationship for E_(2) and EE_(2) existed between the initial pollutant concentration and the average removal *** highest removal kinetic constant(k)value was obtained at 30℃as 0.34/h for E_(2) and at 20℃as 0.28/h for EE_(2),demonstrating the promising application potential of Caulerpa lentillifera in the water purification of the industrialized mariculture system with relatively high water *** and efficient removal of E_(2) and EE_(2) by Caulerpa lentillifera was still achieved after 3 cycles in the pilot-scale *** steroid hormones and nutrients in mariculture wastewater could also be simultaneously removed using Caulerpa *** findings demonstrated that Caulerpa lentillifera was the promising seaweed for the removal of steroid hormones in mariculture systems.

关键词： Phycoremediation Steroid hormones Seaweed Mariculture Caulerpa lentillifera

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Experimental research on oil fi lm thickness and its microwave scattering during emulsifi cation

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第4期40卷 1361-1376页

作者： Jie GUO Chenqi XU Genwang LIU Xi ZHANG Junmin MENG Guangbo REN Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological RemediationYantai 264003China shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal environmental Processes Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchCASYantai 264003China center for Ocean Mega-Science CASQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) plays a major role in identifying oil spills on the sea ***,obtaining information of oil spill thickness(volume) is still a *** is an important process affecting the thickness and normalized radar cross section(NRCS) of oil *** of crude oil emulsification with C-band fully-polarized scatterometer were conducted combining airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer and 3 D laser scanner observation data,to provide experimental parameters and method to support accurate remote sensing monitoring on marine oil *** is further proved that through quantitative homogeneous emulsified oil spill experiments,to a certain extent,the NRCS of oil film increased during the emulsification process of crude *** backscattering mechanism of crude oil emulsification was explored using a semi-empirical model(SEM);the change of oil film NRCS was modulated by its dielectric constant and surface roughness,in which the dielectric constant showed a dominant *** relationship between thickness and NRCS of oil film was studied under two experimental *** differences of NRCS between oil film and adjacent seawater(Δσ~0) and the damping ratio(DR) were found to have a linear relationship with oil thickness,which were best in the vertical polarization mode(VV) at 45° incident angle during the quantitative crude oil homogeneous emulsification *** the natural emulsification process of continuous oil spill in which oil film was mixed with both crude oil and emulsified oil,an empirical equation of oil film thickness is preliminarily *** Δσ~0,DR,and the empirical equation of oil film thickness were applied to the marine continuous oil spill incident on a 19-3 oil platform with spaceborne SAR image and successfully explained the distribution of the relative thickness of the oil film.

关键词： crude oil emulsifi cation normalized radar cross section(NRCS) moisture content oil fi lm thickness damping ratio 1

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Geological,physical,and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第4期38卷 985-1007页

作者： ZENG Zhigang CHEN Zuxing ZHANG Yuxiang LI Xiaohui Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and EnvironmentInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Seafloor hydrothermal vent fields(SHVFs) are located in the mid-ocean ridge(MOR),backarc basin(BAB),island arc and hot-spot environments and hosted mainly by ultramafic,mafic,felsic rocks,and *** hydrothermal vent fluids of SHVFs have low oxygen,abnormal pH and temperature,numerous toxic compounds,and inorganic energy sources,such as sulfuric compounds,methane,and *** geological,physical,and chemical characteristics of SHVFs provide important clues to understanding the formation and evolution of seafloor hydrothermal systems,leading to the determination of metal sources and the reconstruction of the physicochemical conditions of *** the past two decades,we studied the geological settings,volcanic rocks,and hydrothermal products of SHVFs and drawn new conclusions in these areas,including:1) the hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough are affected by the Kuroshio current;2) S and Pb in the hydrothermal sulfides from MOR are mainly derived from their host igneous rocks;3) Re and Os of vent fluids are more likely to be incorporated into Fe-and Fe-Cu sulfide mineral facies,and Os is enriched under low-temperature(environment conditions are favorable for forming a native sulfur chimney,and a "glue pudding" growth model can be used to understand the origin of native sulfur balls in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field;and 6) boron isotope from hydrothermal plumes and fluids can be used to describe their diffusive *** monitoring and understanding of the physical structure,chemical composition,geological processes,and diverse organism of subseafloor hydrothermal systems will be a future hot spot and frontier of submarine hydrothermal geol

关键词： vent fields hydrothermal products volcanic rocks vent organisms seafloor hydrothermal systems

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Export of Greenland Sea water across the Mohn Ridge induced by summer storms

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第2期42卷 17-28页

作者： Xusiyang Shen Jinping Zhao Xiaoyu Wang Tore Hattermann Wenqi Shi Long Lin Ping Chen Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ministry of EducationQingdao266100China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø9296Norway National Marine environmental monitoring center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaDalian116023China Key Laboratory of Polar Science Ministry of Natural ResourcesShanghai200129China Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of TechnologyJinan250306China

The Mohn Ridge separates the Greenland Sea and the Lofoten *** studies identified the export across the Mohn Ridge(EMR)from the Greenland Basin into the Lofoten Basin using water mass analysis and the tracer diffusion method,but there is still lack of direct current measurements.A surface mooring with four current meters was deployed on the Mohn Ridge from June 5 to June 18 in 2015,when three cyclones passed in the adjacent *** the absence of cyclones,the flow on the Mohn Ridge was northeastward,parallel to the *** cyclones appeared,the EMR occurred to transport Greenland Sea water into the Lofoten *** probable mechanism is the sea level height variation caused by the perturbation of the low pressure of cyclones,which yields an outward pressure gradient force to drive the *** results suggest that the outflow is intermittent and only happens during cyclone *** annual mean volume flux of EMR was roughly estimated by the limited data,which is about 3.8×10^(6)m^(3)/s,a little bit smaller than the estimation based on volume *** results indicate that the contribution of the cyclonic storms to EMR is a greatly important mechanism that potentially influences the global thermohaline circulation through the Greenland-Scotland Ridge overflow.

关键词： Mohn Ridge current measurement cyclone

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