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Spatiotemporal variability of rain-on-snow events in the arid region of Northwest China

Journal of Arid Land 2024年第4期16卷 483-499页

作者： YANG Zhiwei CHEN Rensheng LIU Zhangwen ZHAO Yanni LIU Yiwen WU Wentong qilian Alpine ecology and Hydrology research Station Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Rain-on-snow(ROS)events involve rainfall on snow surfaces,and the occurrence of ROS events can exacerbate water scarcity and ecosystem vulnerability in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC).In this study,using daily snow depth data and daily meteorological data from 68 meteorological stations provided by the China Meteorological Administration National Meteorological Information Centre,we investigated the spatiotemporal variability of ROS events in the ARNC from 1978 to 2015 and examined the factors affecting these events and possible changes of future ROS events in the *** results showed that ROS events in the ARNC mainly occurred from October to May of the following year and were largely distributed in the qilian mountains,Tianshan mountains,Ili River Valley,Tacheng Prefecture,and Altay Prefecture,with the Ili River Valley,Tacheng City,and Altay mountains exhibiting the most *** on the intensity of ROS events,the areas with the highest risk of flooding resulting from ROS events in the ARNC were the Tianshan mountains,Ili River Valley,Tacheng City,and Altay *** number and intensity of ROS events in the ARNC largely increased from 1978 to 2015,mainly influenced by air temperature and the number of rainfall ***,due to the snowpack abundance in areas experiencing frequent ROS events in the ARNC,snowpack changes exerted slight impact on ROS events,which is a temporary ***,elevation imposed lesser impact on ROS events in the ARNC than other *** the ARNC,the start time of rainfall and the end time of snowpack gradually advanced from the spring of the current year to the winter of the previous year,while the end time of rainfall and the start time of snowpack gradually delayed from autumn to *** may lead to more ROS events in winter in the *** results could provide a sound basis for managing water resources and mitigating related disasters caused by ROS events in the ARNC.

关键词： rain-on-snow events snowpack snowmelt climate change Spearman's rank correlation arid region of Northwest China

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Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze-thaw processes during 1950-2020 based on ERA5-Land data

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Advances in Climate Change research 2024年第2期15卷 265-274页

作者： Yong YANG Ren-Sheng CHEN Yong-Jian DING Hong-Yuan LI Zhang-Wen LIU qilian Alpine ecology and Hydrology research Station Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and environmental Protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China

Frozen ground(FG)plays an important role in global and regional climates and environments through changes in land freeze-thaw processes,which have been conducted mainly in different ***,the changes in land surface freeze-thaw processes under climate change on a global scale are still *** on ERA5-Land hourly land skin temperature data,this study evaluated changes in the global FG area,global land surface first freeze date(FFD),last freeze date(LFD)and frost-free period(FFP)from 1950 to *** results show that the current FG areas(1991-2020 mean)in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),Southern Hemisphere(SH),and globe are 68.50×10^(6),9.03×10^(6),and 77.53×10^(6)km^(2),which account for 72.4%,26.8%,and 60.4%of the exposed land(excluding glaciers,ice sheets,and water bodies)in the NH,SH and the globe,respectively;further,relative to 1951-1980,the FG area decreased by 1.9%,8.8%,and 2.8%,*** FG at lower latitudes degrades to intermittently FG,and intermittently FG degrades to non-frozen ground,which caused the global FG boundary to retreat to higher latitudes from 1950 to *** annual FG areas in the NH,SH,and globe all show significant decreasing trends(p<0.05)from 1950 to 2020 at-0.32×10^(6),-0.22×10^(6),and-0.54×10^(6)km^(2)per decade,*** FFP prolongation in the NH is mainly influenced by LFD advance,while in the SH it is mainly controlled by FFD *** prolongation trend of FFP in the NH(1.34 d per decade)is larger than that in the SH(1.15 d per decade).

关键词： Frozen ground Freeze-thaw processes Frost-free period First freeze date Global warming

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Occurrence of microplastics in natural and farmland soil in the qilian mountains of the Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2159-2172页

作者： KANG Qiangqiang ZHANG Yulan KANG Shichang ZHANG Shengyin LUO Xi LI Longrui WANG Zhaoqing ZHANG Shuncun Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Microplastics(MPs)become ubiquitous in soil and are an environmental and public health concern ***,the status of MPs in natural and farmland soils in remote areas remains poorly *** this study,we investigated the characteristics of MPs in natural and farmland soils along two transects in the qilian mountains of the northern Tibetan *** average abundance of MPs in natural and farmland soils was 29,778 and 56,123 items kg^(-1),respectively,with a detection size range of 10-1000μ*** in the size range of 10-100μm accounted for 84.1%of particles *** the 21 polymers detected,polyethylene dominated in both farmland and natural *** shape of MPs was dominated by fragments(95.8%),followed by fibers(3.8%)and beads(0.4%).The abundance of MPs was positively correlated with increasing altitude in natural *** was no significant correlation between the abundance of MPs and soil physicochemical properties due to the narrow range of values of soil physicochemical *** the growing concern regarding MPs pollution,research on the status of MPs in high altitude and remote areas is critical to understanding their global cycle.

关键词： Microplastics pollution Soil Remote areas Tibetan Plateau

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Short communication:Extreme glacier mass loss triggered by high temperature and drought during hydrological year 2022/2023 in qilian mountains

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第1期16卷 1-4页

作者： JiZu Chen XingYu Xue WenTao Du State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China Gansu Provincial Industry Technology center of Intelligent Equipment and Big Data for Disaster Prevention Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Science(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China Zhangye Meteorological Bureau ZhangyeGansu 734000China College of Resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China

In the hydrological year 2022/2023,the glaciers in the qilian mountains experienced unprecedented mass *** glacier-wide mass balance was-1,188 mm w.e.,in contrast to-350 mm of average mass balance since 1990 over the Bailanghe Glacier No.12 in the middle of qilian *** temperature during 2022–2023 reached the highest value ever recorded,second only to 2022,while at the same time the precipitation amount was less compared to other year since 2000,which together led to the strongest glacier mass loss during 2022–*** atmospheric circulation analysis shows that the high temperature in the qilian mountains in 2023 was jointly caused by the Arctic air mass and East Asian monsoon.

关键词： Bailanghe Glacier No.21 Glacier mass loss Extreme high temperature Atmospheric circulation

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Temperature trends and its elevation-dependent warming over the qilian mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 500-510页

作者： ZHAO Peng HE Zhibin MA Dengke WANG Wen QIAN Lihui School of Computer Science Huainan Normal UniversityHuainan 232038China Linze Inland River Basin research Station Key Laboratory of Inland River Basin ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourceChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Understanding temperature variability especially elevation dependent warming(EDW)in high-elevation mountain regions is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources including glacier melt,degradation of soils,and active layer *** means that temperature is warming faster with the increase of *** this study,we used observed temperature data during 1979-2017 from 23 meteorological stations in the qilian mountains(QLM)to analyze temperature trend with Mann-Kendall(MK)test and Sen’s slope *** showed that the warming trends for the annual temperature followed the order of T_min>T_mean>T_max and with a shift both occurred in *** and summer temperature have a higher increasing trend than that in autumn and winter.T_mean shifts occurred in 1996 for spring and summer,in 1997 for autumn and winter.T_max shifts occurred in 1997 for spring and 1996 for summer.T_min shifts occurred in 1997 for spring,summer and winter as well as in 1999 for *** mean diurnal temperature range(DTR)shows a significant decreasing trend(-0.18°C/10a)from 1979 to *** mean DTR shows a significant decreasing trend(-0.26°C/10a)from 1979 to 2017 with a shift occurred in *** removing longitude and latitude factors,we can learn that the warming enhancement rate of average annual temperature is 0.0673°C/km/10a,indicating that the temperature warming trend is accelerating with the continuous increase of *** increase rate of elevation temperature is 0.0371°C/km/10a in spring,0.0457°C/km/10a in summer,0.0707°C/km/10a in autumn,and 0.0606°C/km/10a in winter,which indicates that there is a clear EDW in the *** main causes of warming in the qilian mountains are human activities,cloudiness,ice-snow feedback and El Nino phenomenon.

关键词： Climate change qilian mountains Warming rates DTR Elevation-dependent warming

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Surface air temperature change in the Wuyi mountains,southeast China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1992-2004页

作者： QIN Yihui WEI Yuxing LU Jiayi MAO Jiahui CHEN Xingwei GAO Lu CHEN Ying LIU Meibing DENG Haijun Institute of Geography Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China National Demonstration center for Experimental Geography Education Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China School of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Fujian Provincial Engineering research center for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Laboratory for Humid Subtropical eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China

Detecting changes in surface air temperature in mid-and low-altitude mountainous regions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of warming trend with *** use daily surface air temperature data from 64 meteorological stations in Wuyi mountains and its adjacent regions to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of temperature *** results show that Wuyi mountains have experienced significant warming from 1961 to *** warming trend of the mean temperature is 0.20℃/decade,the maximum temperature is 0.17℃/decade,and the minimum temperature is 0.26℃/*** 1961-1990,more than 63%of the stations showed a decreasing trend in annual mean temperature,mainly because the maximum temperature decreased during this ***,in 1971-2000,1981-2010 and 1991-2018,the maximum,minimum and mean temperatures *** fastest increasing trend of mean temperature occurred in the southeastern coastal plains,the quickest increasing trend of maximum temperature occurred in the northwestern mountainous region,and the increase of minimum temperature occurred faster in the southeastern coastal and northwestern mountainous regions than that in the central ***,this study suggests that elevation does not affect warming in the Wuyi *** results are beneficial for understanding climate change in humid subtropical middle and low mountains.

关键词： Climate change Surface air temperature Temporal and spatial changes Mann-Kendall nonparametric test Wuyi mountains

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Contribution of the cryosphere to runoff in“Chinese water tower”based on environmental isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 173-188页

作者： Zongxing Li Juan Gui Qi Feng Baijuan Zhang Qiao Cui Observation and research Station of eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research CenterKey Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Cryospheric meltwater is an important runoff component and it profoundly influences changes in water resources in the Tibetan *** changes in runoff components occur in the three-river headwater region(TRHR),which is an important part of“Chinese Water Tower”due to climate ***,these effects remain unclear owing to the sparse and uneven distribution of monitoring sites and limited field *** the contribution of cryospheric meltwater to outlet runoff is a key scientific question that needs to be *** this study,we analyzed 907 precipitation,river water,ground ice,supra-permafrost water,and glacier snow meltwater samples collected from October 2019 to September 2020 in the *** following results were obtained:(1)There was significant spatio-temporal variation in stable isotopes in different waters;(2)The seasonal trends of stable isotopes for different waters,the relationship between each water body and the local meteoric water line(LWML)confirmed that river water was mainly recharged by precipitation,supra-permafrost water,and glacier snow meltwater;(3)Precipitation,supra-permafrost water,and glacier snow meltwater accounted for 52%,39%,and 9%of river water,respectively,during the ablation period according to the end-member mixing analysis(EMMA);(4)In terms of future runoff components,there will be many challenges due to increasing precipitation and evaporation,decreasing snow cover,glacier retreat,and permafrost ***,it is crucial to establish the“star-machine-ground”observation networks,forecast extreme precipitation and hydrological events,build the“TRHE on the Cloud”platform,and implement systematic hydraulic engineering projects to support the management and utilization of water resources in the *** findings of environmental isotope analysis provide insights into water resources as well as scientific basis for rational use of water resources in the TRHR.

关键词： Cryospheric meltwater Chinese water tower Hydrograph separation

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Influence of Evaporating Under the Clouds on the Precipitation Stable Isotope in the Transition Zone Between Tibetan Plateau and Arid Region of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第4期33卷 764-778页

作者： GUI Juan LI Zongxing DU Fa ZHANG Baijuan XUE Jian CUI Qiao Observation and research Station of eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China National Key Laboratory of ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Consideration of stable isotopes in precipitation is valuable for investigating hydrological ***,correcting the measured isotopic composition of precipitation under below-cloud evaporation is *** accurate description of the underlying processes affecting stable isotopic composition of precipitation could help improve our understanding of the water *** transitivity between monsoonal and arid climates was reflected by the evaporation rate of falling raindrops in precipitation in the qilian mountains,a typical transition zone between Tibetan Plateau and arid region of *** 1310 precipitation event-scale samples,based on stable isotope analysis method,the mean below-cloud evaporation rate(f)in the study area was measured as 12.00%during the summer half-year(May-October).The evaporation rate on the northern slopes(12.70%)of the qilian mountains in China was significantly higher than that on the southern slopes(9.98%).The transition between monsoonal and arid climates was reflected in the evaporation rate of falling raindrops during precipitation in the qilian mountains of ***-cloud evaporation contributed to a noticeable enrichment of stable isotopes in the precipitation in the study *** monthly precipitationδ^(18)O enrichment rate in the qilian mountains of China from May to October was 29.18%,23.35%,25.60%,22.99%,31.64%,and 14.72%,*** every 1.00%increase in the evaporation rate of raindrops in qilian mountains of China,the changes in the concentration of oxygen isotopes from the bottom of the clouds to the ground increased by 0.92‰;however,with an evaporation rate of<5.00%,for every 1.00%increase in the evaporation rate of raindrops the changes in the concentration of oxygen isotopes from the bottom of the clouds to the ground increased by 1.00‰could also be ***,altitude was an important factor affecting below-cloud evaporation in the study area.

关键词： below-cloud evaporation stable isotopes transition zone qilian mountains of China

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Which adjustment methods are suitable for the wind-induced errors of Geonor T-200BM3 precipitation weighing gauges in a periglacial site?

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Advances in Climate Change research 2023年第5期14卷 707-719页

作者： Lei WANG Ren-Sheng CHEN Wei-Jun SUN Chun-Tan HAN Bao-Juan HUAI Yan-Ni ZHAO College of Geography and environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China qilian Alpine ecology and Hydrology research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Single Alter shielded T-200BM3 weighing precipitation gauges are widely used in the measurement of all precipitation types(rainfall,snow and mixed precipitation)in unattended boreal or alpine regions,but their original datasets must be adjusted for undercatch errors caused by wind in snowy,windy and harsh ***,previous researchers have developed many adjustment methods for all precipitation types on different time ***,which adjustment method is suitable for T-200BM3 weighing gauge wind-induced error adjustment in harsh alpine regions is ***,precipitation measurement intercomparison experiments were conducted in the qilian mountains from July 2018 to July 2021,and eight adjustment methods;were evaluated for wind-induced errors for daily,individual precipitation event,hourly,and half-hourly time scales.Z2004 outperformed the other adjustment methods in regard to the daily measurements of snow and mixed *** individual snowfall events,M2007 reduced the absolute value of RMSE(bias)from 1.44 to 1.32 mm(0.77-0.24 mm)and could be recommended for snowfall event adjustment.K2017-1 attained a better performance than K2017-2 in regard to half-hourly snowfall and mixed sample adjustment and was more suitable for half-hourly snowfall sample adjustment.K2017-1 reduced the absolute value of bias from 0.07 to 0.00 mm for ***,Z2004,M2007,and K2017-1 yielded better adjustment results for the daily accumulation precipitation amount(>2 mm d−1),individual snowfall events(>2 mm per event),and half-hourly accumulation snowfall or mixed samples(>1 mm 30 min−1),***,further intercomparison in different climate regions is needed for trace precipitation samples.

关键词： Evaluation Wind-induced errors Adjustment methods Weighing gauges Periglacial site

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Seasonal variation and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a background site on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 524-532页

作者： Xuemei Wu Weijun Sun Baojuan Huai LeiWang Chuntan Han Yetang Wang Wenying Mi College of Geography and environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China qilian Alpine ecology and Hydrology research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China MINJIE Institute of environmental Science and Health research Geesthacht 21502Germany

The study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in northeastern Tibetan Plateau with fragile ecological environment and complex atmospheric circulation system is blank. To understand the characteristics and sources of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we monitored levels in the central qilian Mountain. From 2016 to 2017, we collected 45-pair(particle + gas) samples using active air samplers to investigate the sources, transport paths, and their influencing *** of PAHs were analysed with a source diagnostic model, and atmospheric transport paths were calculated. The concentration range for Σ15PAHs was 439–4666 pg/m^(3), and the average was 2015 pg/m^(3). The PAHs in central qilian Mountain are mainly low molecular weight(LMW) PAHs. Winter concentrations of PAHs were higher than those in summer. The transport of PAHs is mainly affected by westerlies, and there are seasonal differences. Source analysis showed that PAHs mainly came from coal and biomass combustion and vehicle emissions, with seasonal differences. This study clarifies the concentration and seasonal variation of PAHs in the northern Tibetan Plateau, which is conducive to understanding the atmospheric transport process and fate of pollutants. The background site of qilian mountains located in the Silk Road economic belt has the value and significance of longterm observation of pollutants.

关键词： Long-range atmospheric transport Seasonal variation concentration Meteorological factors qilian Mountain

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