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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 57-73页

作者： Amit Kumar Singh Krishna Pramanik Amit Biswas centre of excellence in Tissue Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyRourkela 769008India

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering *** present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue *** experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and *** resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)*** studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural *** scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue *** tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of *** enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue *** vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold *** addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its pote

关键词： Scaffold Biomaterial Sodium alginate Chitosan Gelatin 3D printing Tissue engineering

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A new view of the local Universe

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 167-168页

作者： Lister Staveley-Smith International centre for Radio Astronomy Research(ICRAR) University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia ARC centre of excellence for All Sky Astrophysics(ASTRO 3D) Crawley WA 6009Australia

The distribution and kinematics of gas in and around dark matter halos, the formation of stellar populations from the gravitational collapse of gas clouds, and the interaction of stars and their remnants with interste... 详细信息

关键词： galaxies stars galactic

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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of ultra-high-strength SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2233-2243页

作者： Guonan Ma Shize Zhu Dong Wang Peng Xue BolüXiao Zongyi Ma Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China centre of excellence for Advanced Materials Dongguan 523808China

A high-zinc composite,12vol%SiC/Al-13.3 Zn-3.27 Mg-1.07Cu(wt%),with an ultra-high-strength of 781 MPa was success-fully fabricated through a powder metallurgy method,followed by an extrusion *** effects of solid-solution and aging heat treat-ments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were extensively *** with a single-stage sol-id-solution treatment,a two-stage solid-solution treatment(470℃/1 h+480℃/1 h)exhibited a more effective solid-solution strengthen-ing owing to the higher degree of solid-solution and a more uniform *** to the aging hardness curves of the com-posite,the optimized aging parameter(100℃/22 h)was *** the aging temperature and time resulted in finer and more uniform nanoscale precipitates but only yielded a marginal increase in tensile *** fractography analysis revealed that intergranu-lar cracking and interface debonding were the main fracture mechanisms in the ultra-high-strength SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu *** regions,such as the SiC/Al interface containing numerous compounds and the precipitate-free zones at the high-angle grain boundaries,were identified as significant factors limiting the strength enhancement of the *** compounds,including MgO,MgZn2,and Cu5Zn8,reduced the interfacial bonding strength,leading to interfacial debonding.

关键词： metal matrix composites heat treatment interfacial reaction mechanical properties fracture mechanism

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Fundamental error in tree-based machine learning model selection for reservoir characterisation

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 214-224页

作者： Daniel Asante Otchere centre of excellence in Subsurface Seismic Imaging and Hydrocarbon Prediction Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarPerak Darul RidzuanMalaysia

Over the past two decades,machine learning techniques have been extensively used in predicting reservoir *** this approach has significantly contributed to the industry,selecting an appropriate model is still challenging for most *** solely on statistical metrics to select the best model for a particular problem may not always be the most effective *** study encourages researchers to incorporate data visualization in their analysis and model selection *** evaluate the suitability of different models in predicting horizontal permeability in the Volve field,wireline logs were used to train Extra-Trees,Ridge,Bagging,and XGBoost *** Random Forest feature selection technique was applied to select the relevant logs as inputs for the *** on statistical metrics,the Extra-Trees model achieved the highest test accuracy of 0.996,RMSE of 19.54 mD,and MAE of 3.18 mD,with XGBoost coming in ***,when the results were visualised,it was discovered that the XGBoost model was more suitable for the problem being *** XGBoost model was a better predictor within the sandstone interval,while the Extra-Trees model was more appropriate in non-sandstone *** this study aims to predict permeability in the reservoir interval,the XGBoost model is the most *** contrasting results demonstrate the importance of incorporating data visualisation techniques as an evaluation *** the heterogeneity of the subsurface,relying solely on statistical metrics may not be sufficient to determine which model is best suited for a particular problem.

关键词： Data visualisation Permeability Machine learning Statistical metrics

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Magnetopause properties at the dusk magnetospheric flank from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations,the kinetic Vlasov equilibrium,and in situ observations--Potential implications for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 222-233页

作者： Marius Echim Costel Munteanu Gabriel Voitcu Eliza Teodorescu Institute of Space Science Măgurele 077125Romania Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy 1180 BrusselsBelgium Solar-Terrestrial centre of excellence(STCE) 1180 BrusselsBelgium

We derived the properties of the terrestrial magnetopause(MP)from two modeling approaches,one global–fluid,the other local–kinetic,and compared the results with data collected in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale 2(MMS2)*** used global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere(publicly available from the NASA-CCMC[National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Community Coordinated Modeling Center])and local Vlasov equilibrium models(based on kinetic models for tangential discontinuities)to extract spatial profiles of the plasma and field variables at the Earth’s *** global MHD simulations used initial solar wind conditions extracted from the OMNI database at the time epoch when the MMS2 observes the *** kinetic Vlasov model used asymptotic boundary conditions derived from the same in situ MMS measurements upstream or downstream of the *** global MHD simulations provide a three-dimensional image of the magnetosphere at the time when the MMS2 crosses the *** Vlasov model provides a one-dimensional local view of the MP derived from first principles of kinetic *** MMS2 experimental data also serve as a reference for comparing and validating the numerical simulations and *** found that the MP transition layer formed in global MHD simulations was generally localized closer to the Earth(roughly by one Earth radius)from the position of the real MP observed by the *** also found that the global MHD simulations overestimated the thickness of the MP transition by one order of magnitude for three analyzed variables:magnetic field,density,and tangential *** MP thickness derived from the local Vlasov equilibrium was consistent with observations for all three of these *** overestimation of density in the Vlasov equilibrium was reduced compared with the global MHD *** discuss our results in the context of future SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)campaigns for observing

关键词： magnetopause magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations Vlasov equilibrium Magnetospheric Multiscale observations

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Single-phase evolution path to new record efficiency of kesterite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 420-421页

作者： Yixiong Ji Fangyang Liu School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha410083China ARC centre of excellence in Exciton Science School of ChemistryUniversity of Melbourne3010MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Over the past few years, there have been significant advancements in uncovering previously sealed records in the kesterite solar cell. This also has led to substantial growth marked by multiple groups achieving successive efficiency breakthroughs, shining a renewed spotlight on this promising photovoltaic material that had previously been overlooked due to its low efficiency.

关键词： breakthrough sealed successive

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Management of gestational diabetes mellitus via nutritional interventions:The relevance of gastric emptying

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1394-1397页

作者： Wei-Kun Huang Ryan J Jalleh Christopher K Rayner Tong-Zhi Wu Adelaide Medical School and centre of Research excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000Australia Adelaide Medical School and centre of Research excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)represents one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy and is important to the well-being of both mothers and offspring in the short and long *** intervention remains the mainstay for the management of *** efficacy of nutritional approaches(*** restriction and small frequent meals)to improving the maternal-neonatal outcomes of GDM was attested to by Chinese population data,discussed in two articles in recent issues of this ***,a specific focus on the relevance of postprandial glycaemic control was *** rather than fasting hyperglycaemia often represents the predominant manifestation of disordered glucose homeostasis in Chinese women with *** is now increasing appreciation that the rate of gastric emptying,which controls the delivery of nutrients for digestion and absorption in the small intestine,is a key determinant of postprandial glycaemia in both health,type 1 and 2 *** remains to be established whether gastric emptying is abnormally rapid in GDM,particularly among Chinese women,thus contributing to a predisposition to postprandial hyperglycaemia,and if so,how this influences the therapeutic response to nutritional *** is essential that we understand the role of gastric emptying in the regulation of postprandial glycaemia during pregnancy and the potential for its modulation by nutritional strategies in order to improve postprandial glycaemic control in GDM.

关键词： Gastric emptying Postprandial glycaemia Diet Nutritional interventions Gestational diabetes mellitus

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Deep Learning Based Efficient Crowd Counting System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4001-4020页

作者： Waleed Khalid Al-Ghanem Emad Ul Haq Qazi Muhammad Hamza Faheem Syed Shah Amanullah Quadri Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia centre of excellence in Cybercrime and Digital Forensics Naif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadh14812Saudi Arabia Center of excellence for Information Assurance(COEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia

Estimation of crowd count is becoming crucial nowadays,as it can help in security surveillance,crowd monitoring,and management for different *** is challenging to determine the approximate crowd size from an image of the crowd’s *** in this research study,we proposed a multi-headed convolutional neural network architecture-based model for crowd counting,where we divided our proposed model into two main components:(i)the convolutional neural network,which extracts the feature across the whole image that is given to it as an input,and(ii)the multi-headed layers,which make it easier to evaluate density maps to estimate the number of people in the input image and determine their number in the *** employed the available public benchmark crowd-counting datasets UCF CC 50 and ShanghaiTech parts A and B for model training and testing to validate the model’s *** analyze the results,we used two metrics Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Mean Square Error(MSE),and compared the results of the proposed systems with the state-of-art models of crowd *** results show the superiority of the proposed system.

关键词： Crowd counting EfficientNet multi-head attention convolutional neural network transfer learning

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MXenes for Bioinspired Soft Actuators:Advancements in Angle-Independent Structural Colors and Beyond

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 18-34页

作者： Siavash Iravani Rajender S.Varma Independent Researcher W Nazar STBoostan AveIsfahanIran centre of excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP 13565‑905Brazil

Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic *** actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms,aiming to attain enhanced flexibility,adaptability,and *** the other hand,angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering *** carefully controlling the size,shape,and arrangement of nanostructures,researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing *** promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and optical *** integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting *** material compatibility issues,improving color reproducibility,scalability,durability,power supply efficiency,and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these *** perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angleindependent structural color in soft robotics.

关键词： MXenes MXene-based composites Bioinspired soft robotics Angle-independent structural color

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