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Juvenile survival curves in a solitary ground squirrel with a prolonged hibernation:effects of individual characteristics,environment,and maternal investment

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 13-23页

作者： Nina A.Vasilieva Liudmila E Savinetskaya Andrey V.Tchabovsky A.N.Severtsov institute of ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia

Juvenile survival is a key life-history influence on population dynamics and adaptive evolution.We analyzed the effects of individual chara-cteristics,early environment,and maternal investment on juvenile survival in a large solitary hibernating rodent-yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus using Cox mixed-effects models.Only 48%of weaned pups survived to dispersal and 17%survived to hibernation.Early life expectancy was primarily determined by individual characteristics and,to a lesser extent,by the early environment.The strongest and pos-itive predictor of juvenile survival was body mass which crucially affected mortality immediately after weaning.Males suffered higher mortality than females after the onset of dispersal;however,the overall difference between sexes was partly masked by high rates of mortality in the first days after emergence in both sexes.Later emerged juveniles had lower life expectancy than the earliest pups.The overall effect of local juvenile density was positive.Prolonged lactation did not enhance juvenile survival:Pups nursed longer survived shorter than the young nursed for a shorter period.Our findings support the hypothesis that females of S.fulvus cannot effectively regulate maternal expenditures to mitigate the effects of unfavorable conditions on their offspring.The strategy to deal with seasonal time constraints on life history in female S.fulvus suggests an early termination of maternal care at the cost of juvenile quality and survival.This female reproductive strategy corresponds to a"fast-solitary"life of folivorous desert-dwelling S.fulvus and other solitary ground squirrels with prolonged hibernation.

关键词： early-life conditions ground squirrels hibernation juvenile mortality maternal investment survival curves

Power-law patterns in the Phanerozoic sedimentary records of carbon, oxygen, sulfur,and strontium isotopes

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 116-126页

作者： Haitao Shang institute of ecology and Evolution University of OregonEugeneOR97403USA

Power-law patterns appear in a variety of natural systems on the modern Earth;nevertheless,whether such behaviors appeared in the deep-time environment has rarely been studied. Isotopic records in sedimentary rocks, which are widely used to reconstruct the geological/geochemical conditions in paleoenvironments and the evolutionary trajectories of biogeochemical cycles, offer an opportunity to investigate power laws in ancient geological systems. In this study, I focus on the Phanerozoic sedimentary records of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and strontium isotopes, which have well documented and extraordinarily comprehensive datasets. I perform statistical analyses on these datasets and show that the variations in the sedimentary records of the four isotopes exhibit power-law behaviors. The exponents of these power laws range between 2.2 and 2.9;this narrow interval indicates that the variations in carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and strontium isotopes likely belong to the same universality class, suggesting that these systematic power-law patterns are governed by universal, scale-free mechanisms. I then derive a general form for these power laws from a minimalistic model based on basic physical principles and geosystem-specific assumptions, which provides an interpretation for the power-law patterns from the perspective of thermodynamics. The fundamental mechanisms regulating such patterns might have been ubiquitous in paleoenvironments, implying that similar power-law behaviors may exist in the sedimentary records of other isotopes.

关键词： Power laws Phanerozoic sedimentary records Carbon isotope(δ~(13)C) Oxygen isotope(δ~(18)O) Sulfur isotope(δ~(34)S) Strontium isotope(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)

Physiological strategies in wild rodents:immune defenses of commensal rats

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 350-370页

作者： Ivana MIRKOV Dina TUCOVIC Jelena KULAS Anastasija MALESEVIC Dragan KATARANOVSKI Milena KATARANOVSKI Aleksandra POPOV ALEKSANDROV Immunotoxicology Group Department of EcologyInstitute for Biological Research“Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice(property damage,management costs,and health risks)press upon research on these animals.While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied,the need for understanding factors influencing their natural morbidity/mortality is also stressed.In this respect,more attention is expected to be paid to immunity,the physiological mechanism of defense against host survival threats(pathogens,parasites,diseases).Commensal rats and mice carry numerous pathogens that evoke diverse immune responses.The state of immunity in commensal house mice is studied in great detail,owing to the use of laboratory strains in biomedical research.Because commensal rats are,compared to mice,carriers of more zoonotic agents,rats’immunity is studied mainly in that context.Some of these zoonotic agents cause chronic,asymptomatic infections,which justified studies of immunological mechanisms of pathogen tolerance versus clearance regulation in rats.Occurrence of some infections in specific tissues/organs pressed upon analysis of local/regional immune responses and/or immunopathology.A survey of immunological activity/responses in commensal rats is given in this review,with mention of existing data in commensal mice.It should throw some light on the factors relevant to their morbidity and lifespan,supplementing the knowledge of commensal rodent ecology.

关键词： commensal rats and mice immunopathology infection inflammation tolerance

More tree growth reduction due to consecutive drought and its legacy effect for a semiarid larch plantation in Northwest China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 188-196页

作者： Yanfang Wan Pengtao Yu Yanhui Wang Jiamei Li Yushi Bai Yipeng Yu Bingbing Liu Xiaocha Wei Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Ecology and Nature Conservation InstituteChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Extreme climate has increasingly led to negative impacts on forest ecosystems globally,especially in semiarid areas where forest ecosystems are more vulnerable.However,it is poorly understood how tree growth is affected by different drought events.In 2006–2009,the larch plantations in the semiarid areas of Northwest China were negatively affected by four consecutive dry years,which was a very rare phenomenon that may occur frequently under future climate warming.In this study,we analyzed the effect of these consecutive dry years on tree growth based on the data of the tree rings in the dominant layer of the forest canopy on a larch plantation.We found that the tree-ring width index(RWI)in dry years was lower than that in normal years,and it experienced a rapidly decreasing trend from 2006 to 2009(slope=-0.139 year^(-1),r=-0.94)due to water supply deficits in those dry years.Drought induced legacy effects of tree growth reduction,and consecutive dry years corresponded with greater growth reductions and legacy effects.Growth reductions and legacy effects were significantly stronger in the third and fourth consecutive dry years than that of single dry year(p<0.05),which might have been due to the cumulative stress caused by consecutive dry years.Our results showed that larch trees experienced greater tree growth reduction due to consecutive dry years and their legacy effect,and the trees had lower recovery rates after consecutive dry years.Our results highlight that consecutive dry years pose a new threat to plantations under climate warming,and thus,the effect of climate extremes on tree growth should be considered in growth models in semiarid areas.

关键词： Tree rings Drought effects Legacy effects Growth-climate relationships Larix principis-rupprechtii

Species’ geographical range, environmental range and traits lead to specimen collection preference of dominant plant species of grasslands in Northern China

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 353-361页

作者： Jingya Zhang Cui Xiao Xiaoyu Duan Xin Gao Hao Zeng Rong'an Dong Gang Feng Keping Ma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau&Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.

关键词： Biological specimen Collection preference Dominant plant species Environmental range Geographical range Species traits

Role of phosphorus on the biogeochemical behavior of cadmium in the contaminated soil under leaching and pot experiments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 488-499页

作者： Hui Jia YifanWu Mengqi Zhang Jinhui Ye Daolin Du He Wang institute of Environment and ecology School of Emergency ManagementJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of the Environment and Safety Engineering&institute of Environment and ecology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated HospitalXuzhou 221004China

Phosphorus(P)is involved in various biochemical reactions in plant growth,so it is beneficial to plants growing in soils contaminated by metals,including cadmium(Cd).However,few studies have reported on the mechanistic roles of P in mitigating Cd toxicity to ryegrass root,and especially in alleviating the disruption of the mitochondrial function of living cells.In this study,the physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with ryegrass growth under various Cd and P treatments were investigated using leaching and pot systems.The concentration of Cd in soil leachates showed a significantly positive relationship with redox potential(P<0.05),but negative relationship(P<0.05)with leachate pH values and dissolved organic carbon(DOC),indicating that exogenous P addition(as H_(2)PO_(4)*)may decrease Cd leaching from contaminated soil.Compared to the control(without P addition),the cumulative Cd content was reduced by 53.3%and 64.5%in the soil leachate with exogenous P application(20 mg/L and 80 mg/L),respectively.Notably,application of P decreased the Cd concentrations in the symplastic fractions and increased the Cd concentrations in the apoplastic fractions in root tips,which may help to alleviate Cd stress to the protoplast.Moreover,exogenous P was found to play a positive role in mitochondrial function and Ca^(2+)variation in root cells under Cd stress,which provides novel insights into the mechanisms of exogenous P in alleviating plant Cd injury.

关键词： Phosphorus Cadmium stress Protoplast Biogeochemical behavior Mitochondrial function

Climate change filtered out resource-acquisitive plants in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 403-413页

作者： Heying Jing Xingshuo Xiong Feng Jiang Xucai Pu Wenhong Ma Daijiang Li Zhongling Liu Zhiheng Wang institute of ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems,changing community composition and ecosystem functions.However,we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies(different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits,including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy)would change in response to climate change,and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity.Here,using long-term(1982–2017)observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness(SR)and functional richness(FRic)for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies.Specifically,based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum(leaf carbon concentration,leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration,and specific leaf area),we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive,medium,and resource-conservative species.We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies.We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate,which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species.However,community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change.Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.

关键词： biodiversity ecological strategy functional diversity functional trait long-term change species diversity

Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of atmospheric iron-containing single particles in Lhasa,Tibet

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 40-50页

作者： Junyu Chen Daobin Zhang Yiran Fu Jinhu Wang Xiaomei Cui Ci-ren Qu-zong Qiangying Zhang Chan Jin Bu Duo School of ecology and Environment Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China Shanghai institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Tibetan Plateau,known as the“Third Pole”,is currently in a state of perturbation caused by intensified human activity.In this study,56 samples were obtained at the five sampling sites in typical area of Lhasa city and their physical and chemical properties were investigated by TEM/EDS,STXM,and NEXAFS spectroscopy.After careful examination of 3387single particles,the results showed that Fe should be one of the most frequent metal elements.The Fe-containing single particles in irregular shape and micrometer size was about7.8%and might be mainly from local sources.Meanwhile,the Fe was located on the subsurface of single particles and might be existed in the form of iron oxide.Interestingly,the core-shell structure of iron-containing particles were about 38.8%and might be present as single-,dual-or triple-core shell structure and multi-core shell structure with the Fe/Si ratios of 17.5,10.5,2.9 and 1.2,respectively.Meanwhile,iron and manganese were found to coexist with identical distributions in the single particles,which might induce a synergistic effect between iron and manganese in catalytic oxidation.Finally,the solid spherical structure of Fe-containing particles without an external layer were about 53.4%.The elements of Fe and Mn were co-existed,and might be presented as iron oxide-manganese oxide-silica composite.Moreover,the ferrous and ferric forms of iron might be co-existed.Such information can be valuable in expanding our understanding of Fe-containing particles in the Tibetan Plateau atmosphere.

关键词： Fe-containing single particle Irregular shape Core-shell structure Solid spherical structure Transmission electron microscopy Synchrotron X-ray microscopy

Abundance and sources of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic acids at an urban site in central China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 155-168页

作者： Luqi Shang Zhe Dong Zihan Li Mingkai Wang Zihan Kong Xiao Li Ruiqin Zhang School of ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China institute of Environmental Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

We conducted a simultaneous field study of PM_(2.5)-bound particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and aromatic acids(AAs)in a polluted city Zhengzhou to explore the concentration,sources and potential conversion pathways between PAHs and AAs in different seasons.The average concentrations of PM_(2.5),28PAHs and 8AAs during the sampling period were 77μg/m^(3),75 ng/m^(3),and 283 ng/m^(3),respectively.The concentration of both28PAHs and 8AAs were highest in winter and lowest in summer with ratios of 6.3 and 2.3,respectively.PAHs with 5-7 rings were the main components of PAHs(52%),followed by 4rings PAHs(30%)and 2-3 rings PAHs(18%).According to the source appointment results obtained by positive matrix factorization,the main sources of PAHs were combustion and vehicle emissions,which account for 37%and 34%,respectively.8AAs were divided into three groups,including four benzene dicarboxylic acids(B2CAs),three benzene tricarboxylic acids(B3CAs)and one benzene tetracarboxylic acid(B4CA).And interspecies correlation analysis with PM_(2.5)source markers were used to investigate potential sources.Phthalic acid(o-Ph)was the most abundant specie of 8AAs(157 ng/m^(3),55%of 8AAs),which was well correlated with sulfate.Meanwhile,B3CAs and B4CA were highly correlated with sulfate and weakly correlated with levoglucosan,suggesting that secondary formation was their main source.As logical oxidation products of PAHs,o-Ph and B3CAs showed good correlations with a number of PAHs,indicating possible photochemical oxidation pathway by PAHs.In addition,O_(3),NO_(2),temperature and relative humidity have positive effects on the secondary formation of B3CAs.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Aromatic acids Source appointment Secondary formation