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Reactive Extraction of Alcohols from Apolar Hydrocarbons with Aqueous Solutions

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 222-227页

作者： Boris Kuzmanovi Norbert J. M. Kuipers André B. de Haan Gerard Kwant Akzo Nobel Chemicals Research Arnhem The Netherlands University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands DSM Research Geleen The Netherlands

The aqueous solutions are evaluated as sustainable reactive extraction solvents for the recovery of monohydroxyl alcohols （benzyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol） present in few-percent concentrations in apolar hydrocarbons （toluene, n-hexane, and cyclohexane） by considering two approaches. An aqueous solution containing a reactive extractant, like borate salts, borate complexes, a monosalt of dicarboxylic acid, hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, and silver nitrate, shows limited potential to be used. Another approach, in which the alcohol is chemically modified prior to the extraction into an easy-extractable form, in this case a monoester/carboxylic acid, shows much more potential. An environmentally benign aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate can provide a distribution ratio of benzyl alcohol up to 200, leaving the solubility of the organic solvent in the aqueous solution unchanged relative to pure water and therefore increasing the selectivity with two orders of magnitude. The modification of aromatic, cyclo-aliphatic, and linear aliphatic alcohols can be performed efficiently in the apolar organic solvent without need for a catalyst. The recovery of the modified alcohol can be performed by back-extraction in combination with a spontaneous hydrolysis.

关键词： reactive extraction alcohol polar hydrocarbons

Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons J.M.Jansman Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression *** Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals *** the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory *** example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum *** the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality Microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

Assessing the possibility of using large language models in ocular surface diseases

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第1期18卷 1-8页

作者： Qian Ling Zi-Song Xu Yan-Mei Zeng Qi Hong Xian-Zhe Qian Jin-Yu Hu Chong-Gang Pei Hong Wei Jie Zou Cheng Chen Xiao-Yu Wang Xu Chen Zhen-Kai Wu Yi Shao Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina Ophthalmology Centre of Maastricht University Maastricht 6200MSLimburgNetherlands Changde Hospital Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University(the First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Changde 415000Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghai 200080China

AIM:To assess the possibility of using different large language models(LLMs)in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surface diseases:ChatGPT-4,ChatGPT-3.5,Claude 2,PaLM2,and ***:A group of experienced ophthalmology professors were asked to develop a 100-question singlechoice question on ocular surface diseases designed to assess the performance of LLMs and human participants in answering ophthalmology specialty exam *** exam includes questions on the following topics:keratitis disease(20 questions),keratoconus,keratomalaciac,corneal dystrophy,corneal degeneration,erosive corneal ulcers,and corneal lesions associated with systemic diseases(20 questions),conjunctivitis disease(20 questions),trachoma,pterygoid and conjunctival tumor diseases(20 questions),and dry eye disease(20 questions).Then the total score of each LLMs and compared their mean score,mean correlation,variance,and confidence were ***:GPT-4 exhibited the highest performance in terms of *** the average scores of the LLMs group with the four human groups,chief physician,attending physician,regular trainee,and graduate student,it was found that except for ChatGPT-4,the total score of the rest of the LLMs is lower than that of the graduate student group,which had the lowest score in the human *** ChatGPT-4 and PaLM2 were more likely to give exact and correct answers,giving very little chance of an incorrect ***-4 showed higher credibility when answering questions,with a success rate of 59%,but gave the wrong answer to the question 28% of the ***:GPT-4 model exhibits excellent performance in both answer relevance and ***2 shows a positive correlation(up to 0.8)in terms of answer accuracy during the *** terms of answer confidence,PaLM2 is second only to GPT4 and surpasses Claude 2,SenseNova,and *** the fact t

关键词： ChatGPT-4.0 ChatGPT-3.5 large language models ocular surface diseases

The Snakes of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara),Indonesia

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第1期2卷 46-54页

作者： Ruud DE LANG Rotterdam The Netherlands

From the existing literature and data from museum specimens an overview is presented of all currently known terrestrial and semi-aquatic snakes of the Lesser Sunda Islands, in the Wallacean area of Indonesia. In total, twenty-nine species are known to inhabit the area. Of these eight are endemic to the area： Boiga hoeseli, Coelognathus subradiatus, Dendrelaphis inornatus, Stegonotus florensis, Cylindrophis opisthorhodus, Broghammerus timoriensis, Liasis mackloti and Typhlops schmutzi. Insular endemism is only found at the subspecific level, including Liasis mackloti dunni （Wetar）, Liasis mackloti savuensis （Sawu）, Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus brongersmai （Sumba）, Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus elberti （Lombok） and Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus florensis （Flores）. Such endemism may be due to the relatively young geological age of the Lesser Sunda Islands and that the snake fauna is still underestimated. Taxonomy of the genus Cylindrophis, the species Coelognathus subradiatus, Dendrelaphis inornatus, Cryptelytrops insularis, and the five subspecies of Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus need to be reviewed. Ecological studies are urgently required to establish if the species Broghammerus timoriensis and Liasis mackloti savuensis are endangered and which conservation measures should be taken. Telah dilakukan pengamatan ulang dari kepustakaan yang ada, data dari databank Western Australian Museum, maupun koleksi museum. Hasil tersebut dirangkum dalam suam tinjauan mengenai semua jenis ular yang hidup di darat maupun di air-tawar dari daerah Nusa Tenggara sebagai bagian dari daerah Wallacea. Jumlah jenis yang dapat dipastikan berjumlah dua puluh sembilan jenis, dan delapan di antaranya merupakan jenis yang endemik, yaitu Boiga hoeseli, Coelognathus subradiatus, Dendrelaphis inornatus, Stegonotus florensis, Cylindrophis opisthorhodus, Broghammerus timoriensis, Liasis mackloti dan Typhlops schmutzi. Jenis endemic dalam daerah pulau hanya meliputi anak jenis： Liasis mackloti dunni

关键词： Ophidia serpents Lesser Sunda Islands Nusa Tenggara Indonesia Timor-Leste checklist distribution

Curved digital X-ray detectors

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npj Flexible Electronics 2020年第1期4卷 185-192页

作者： Albert JJMvan Breemen Matthias Simon Olivier Tousignant Santhosh Shanmugam Jan-Laurens van der Steen Hylke B.Akkerman Auke Kronemeijer Walter Ruetten Rob Raaijmakers Lex Alving Jan Jacobs Pawel E.Malinowski Florian De Roose Gerwin H.Gelinck Holst Centre/TNO EindhovenThe Netherlands Philips Research EindhovenThe Netherlands Philips Healthcare BestThe Netherlands imec LeuvenBelgium Department of Applied Physics Technical University EindhovenEindhovenThe Netherlands Teledyne Dalsa EindhovenThe Netherlands

A curved image sensor on plastic foil has been developed for cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)X-ray *** image sensor of about 6×8 cm^(2) size has been built on a thin polyimide foil with an indium gallium zinc oxide(IGZO)backplane and an organic photodetectors(OPD)frontplane.A flexible cesium iodide(CsI)scintillator has been attached to the optical sensor with 480×640 pixels of 126µm *** current density of the OPD was low with less than 10^(−7) mA/cm^(2) at−2 V,while an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of about 50%was reached in the visible wavelength range matched to the scintillator *** image quality of the digital X-ray detector allowed for 3D reconstruction images of a bone phantom on a rotating stage with a lab *** curved detector with 32 cm curvature radius opens up the path for very compact CBCT gantries with largely reduced footprint.

关键词： curved curvature allowed

Design of a high-frequency transformer based on amorphous cut cores for insulation breakdown testing

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High Voltage 2024年第5期9卷 1183-1194页

作者： Gijs Lagerweij Mohamad Ghaffarian Niasar Prodrive Technologies SonThe Netherlands High Voltage Technologies Electrical Sustainable EnergyDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Innovative test methods are required to keep up with the increased demand for insulation materials which can withstand the high-frequency square-wave voltages generated by power-electronic *** systems using high-voltage,high-frequency transformers have proven versatile and easy to *** authors investigate the application of amorphous cut cores in such *** and numerical models for the transformer and its frequency response are developed,aiding the design *** amorphous core-based transformer is designed for 8 kVpk output at 100 kHz and compared to two previous designs based on ferrite *** frequency and pulse response,as well as the high-voltage and thermal performance,are *** comparison shows that while the low parasitics of the amorphous-based transformer allow for superior frequency response,they are unsuitable for long-duration tests with high pulse repetition frequencies(25-100 kHz)due to increased core *** partial discharge inception and flashover voltage are comparable to the ferrite-based transformers.

关键词： ferrite amorphous high

Measuring nanoparticles in liquid with attogram resolution using a microfabricated glass suspended microchannel resonator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第4期8卷 261-270页

作者： Mehdi Mollaie Daryani Tomás Manzaneque Jia Wei Murali Krishna Ghatkesar Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Department of Microelectronics Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Present address:Department of Microelectronics Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

The use of nanoparticles has been growing in various industrial fields,and concerns about their effects on health and the environment have been ***,characterization techniques for nanoparticles are ***,we present a silicon dioxide microfabricated suspended microchannel resonator(SMR)to measure the mass and concentration of nanoparticles in a liquid as they *** measured the mass detection limits of the device using laser Doppler *** limit reached a minimum of 377 ag that correspond to a 34 nm diameter gold nanoparticle or a 243 nm diameter polystyrene particle,when sampled every 30 *** compared the fundamental limits of the measured data with an ideal noiseless measurement of the ***,we measured the buoyant mass of gold nanoparticles in real-time as they flowed through the SMR.

关键词： resonator suspended nanoparticles

Call it sleep-what animals without backbones can tell us about the phylogeny of intrinsically generated neuromotor rhythms during early development

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第3期29卷 373-380页

作者： Michael A. Corner netherlands Institute for Brain Research Amsterdam The Netherlands Université de Basse Normandie Caen France Harmoniehof 16/i 1071TC Amsterdam The Netherlands

A comprehensive overview is presented of the literature dealing with the development of sleep-like motility and neuronal activity patterns in non-vertebrate animals. It has been established that spontaneous, periodically modulated, neurogenic bursts of movement appear to be a universal feature of prenatal behavior. New empirical data are presented showing that such ＇seismic sleep＇ or ＇rapid-body-movement＇ bursts in cuttlefish persist for some time after birth. Extensive ontogenetic research in both vertebrates and non-vertebrates is thus essential before current hypotheses about the phylogeny of motorically active sleep-like states can be taken seriously.

关键词： sleep phylogeny behavior development spontaneous motility neuronal networks cuttlefish

Near-surface velocity estimation using shear-waves and deep-learning with a U-net trained on synthetic data

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2022年第1期3卷 209-224页

作者： Taneesh Gupta Paul Zwartjes Udbhav Bamba Koustav Ghosal Deepak K.Gupta Transmute AI Research the Netherlands Aramco Research Center Delftthe Netherlands

Estimation of good velocity models under complex near-surface conditions remains a topic of ongoing *** propose to predict near-surface velocity profiles from surface-waves transformed to phase velocity-frequency panels in a data-driven manner using deep neural *** is a different approach from many recent works that attempt to estimate velocity from directly reflected body waves or guided waves.A secondary objective is to analyze the influence on the prediction accuracy of various commonly employed deep learning practices,such as transfer learning and data *** numerical experiments on synthetic data as well as a real geophysical example,we demonstrate that transfer learning as well as data augmentations are helpful when using deep learning for velocity estimation.A third and final objective is to study lack of generalization of deep learning models for out-of-distribution(OOD)data in the context of our problem,and present a novel approach to tackle *** propose a domain adaptation network for training deep learning models that uses a priori knowledge on the range of velocity values in order to constrain mapping of the *** final comparison on field data,which was not part of the training data,show the deep neural network predictions compare favorably with a conventional velocity model estimation obtained with a dispersion curve inversion workflow.

关键词： Near-surface Dispersion curve Rayleigh wave velocity U-Net