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Perverse incentives and perverse publishing practices

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Science Bulletin 2015年第14期60卷 1225-1226页

作者： Virginia Barbour Committee on Publication ethics (COPE)

Over the past few years,publishing has becoming increasingly complex with new journals and business models,new technology,new models of peer review and new ways to collaborate and disseminate *** this,the pressure on academics to publish has become increasingly *** have always been the currency of academia—the key to tenure,grant renewal and ***,however,it is

关键词：出版物行为反常货币价值商业模式学术界

期刊编辑中存在的利益冲突经济冲突常见,但须公开并控制

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第12期22卷 723-724页

作者： Virginia Barbour 季媛媛(译) Library and Office of research ethics and integrity Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4059Australia 中华医学杂志英文版编辑部

人们往往无法确定自身存在的利益冲突(conflicts of interest)或利益竞争(competing interests)是否会影响他们的判断。为减轻已发表研究的偏倚(或对研究存在偏倚的看法),期刊对作者和审稿人公开并发表利益冲突的要求越来越严格。Liu等... 详细信息

人们往往无法确定自身存在的利益冲突(conflicts of interest)或利益竞争(competing interests)是否会影响他们的判断。为减轻已发表研究的偏倚(或对研究存在偏倚的看法),期刊对作者和审稿人公开并发表利益冲突的要求越来越严格。Liu等的研究(doi:10.1136/bmj.j4619)在有关利益冲突的辩论中开辟了一个新的领域—报告医疗药物和仪器设备公司向同时具有医生和学术期刊编辑双重身份的美国科学家支付经费的问题。

关键词：学术期刊编辑利益冲突审稿人仪器设备利益竞争双重身份偏倚

Light People:Professor Jianhua Jiang

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 7-12页

作者： Ying Zhang Light publishing Group Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences3888 Dong Nan Hu Road130033 ChangchunChina

Recently,*** Jiang from Soochow University of China accepted an interview from Light:Science&*** works on topological photonics,topological phononics,and nonequilibrium *** this issue,he discusses the challenges and opportunities in topological photonics,topological phononics,and other topological synthetic *** also shares his experiences in cutting-edge research,the education of graduate students,and other challenges faced by junior ***,he gives remarks and suggestions for Light:Science&*** People is a featured column of high-end interviews with outstanding *** is our great honor to invite *** Jiang,an outstanding young scientist,to showcase his research life and the story behind his success.

关键词： topological nonequilibrium interview

Reflections on the withdrawal of medical articles and the development of writing and publishing standards

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第9期19卷 1283-1289页

作者： Lidong Wang Zhihua Liu research integrity Construction Office(RICO) National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China The Supervisory Committee National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

In recent years,the withdrawal of several batches of articles from international academic journals has negatively affected Chinese *** Chinese government,the scientific community,and many scientific researchers have made substantial efforts to rectify this *** Editorial reviews the mass withdrawal events as a whole;identifies their causes;and systematically investigates China’s policy adjustments,institutional arrangements,and regulatory mechanisms in *** hope that,in addition to reminding authors to pay greater attention to avoiding withdrawals,this Editorial will provide guidance to help them conduct scientific research and present their achievements in a more standardized manner.

关键词： withdrawal arrangement batch

Diffusion tensor imaging in the courtroom:Distinction between scientific specificity and legally admissible evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第19期11卷 4477-4497页

作者： Jennifer Christine van Velkinburgh Mark D Herbst Stewart M Casper Science Communication Filipodia Publishing LLCSanta FeNM 87505United States Diagnostic Radiology Independent Diagnostic Radiology IncSt PetersburgFL 33711United States Personal Injury Law Casper&DeToledo LLCStamfordCT 06905United States

Interest and uptake of science and medicine peer-reviewed literature by readers outside of a paper’s topical subject,field or even discipline is *** the application of knowledge from one field or discipline to others can stimulate innovative solutions to problems facing modern society,it is also fraught with danger for *** the practice of law in the United States,academic papers are submitted to the courts as evidence in personal injury litigation from both the plaintiff(complainant)and *** transcendence of an academic publication over disciplinary boundaries is immediately met with the challenge of application by a group that inherently lacks in-depth knowledge on the scientific method,the practice of evidence-based medicine,or the publication process as a structured and internationally synthesized process involving peer review and guided by ethical standards and norms.A modern-day example of this is the ongoing conflict between the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and the legal standards for admissibility of evidence in litigation cases of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI).In this review,we amalgamate the peer-reviewed research on DTI in mTBI with the court’s rationale underlying decisions to admit or exclude evidence of DTI abnormalities to support claims of brain *** found that the papers which are critical of the use of DTI in the courtroom reflect a primary misunderstanding about how diagnostic biomarkers differ legally from relevant and admissible *** clinical use of DTI to identify white matter abnormalities in the brain at the chronic stage is a valid methodology both clinically as well as forensically,contributes data that may or may not corroborate the existence of white matter damage,and should be admitted into evidence in personal injury trials if supported by a *** also delve into an aspect of science publication and peer review that can be manipulated by scientists and clinicians to

关键词： Diffuse axonal injury Mild brain injury Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging Medicolegal Litigation Medical jurisprudence ethics Peer review publishing

New Index for Quantifying an Individual＇s Scientific research Output

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Computer Technology and Application 2014年第1期5卷 44-50页

作者： Mahmoud Abdel-Aty Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag 82524 Egypt Scientific publishing Center University of Bahrain 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain University of Science and Technology Zewail City Sheikh Zayed District Giza 12588 Egypt

Classifying researchers＇ work according to the quality of their publications rather than the quantity of their publications is an important issue. To this end we introduce a new measure, the ＂percentage range＂ or A-index, which provides a qualitative evaluation of a researchers＇ productivity. The percentage range depends to a great extent on the number of single-author published papers and their citations. It is to be a new index to be considered along with the h-index. The combined factors have the advantage of making clearer the innovation of the individual authors. The resultant percentage range gives a reduced impact on its numerical value for authors who gain citations by adding their names on multi-author papers. It is shown that various dimensions of ethical integrity and originality are clarified by the new index. The important scenarios arising from this analysis are demonstrated with examples, The great differences between the new percentage range and old h-index come from the percentage range＇s emphasis on considering the whole work of an author, including the significance of the author＇s single-author papers as opposed to multiple-author contributions. This emphasis is demonstrated.

关键词： h-index impact factor research output.

Prudently conduct the engineering and synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第2期5卷 59-61页

作者： Peng Gao Shiwen Ma Daru Lu Carl Mitcham Yijia Jing Guoyu Wang The Human Phenome Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Law School Anhui University of Finance and EconomicsBengbuAnhui233030China Department of Philosophy Dalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning116024China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering research Center of Gene Technology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200433China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health Commission Chongqing Population and Family PlanningScience and Technology Research InstituteChongqing400020China Renmin University of China Beijing100872China Colorado School of Mines GoldenColorado80401USA Institute for Global Public Policy&School of International Relations and Public Affairs Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China School of Philosophy Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Center for Biomedical ethics Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China

In response to the outbreak of COVID-19 that has been sweeping the world,scientists reconstructed the SARSCoV-2 rapidly using a synthetic genomics platform,in order to accelerate therapeutics and vaccine ***,given the dual-use nature of this technology,there exists a high biosecurity *** paper points out the potential risks of the engineering SARS-CoV-2 virus and puts forward 6 questions to this *** authors emphasize that the two basic values of safety/security and intellectual freedom of research must be considered *** the perspective of responsible development of biotechnology,this paper calls for a careful assessment to the risks of the technology,replacing risky technologies with safe *** risks of publication also need to be strictly *** authors believe,in addition to enhancing the“self-government”and self-discipline of scientists and scientific communities,government supervision must be reinforced,laws and regulations should be improved,and global regulation framework ought to be constructed.

关键词： Engineering SARS-CoV-2 virus Dual-use Risk Biosafety/Biosecurity Regulation

Responsible research and innovation training programmes:implementation and evaluation of the HEIRRI project

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Forensic Sciences research 2021年第3期6卷 320-330页

作者： Ružica Tokalić Ivan Buljan Niels Mejlgaard Mar Carrió Alexander Lang Gema Revuelta Ana Marušić HEIRRI Consortium Department of research in Biomedicine and health University of split school of Medicinesplitcroatia Danish centre for studies in research and research Policy Department of Political scienceaarhus UniversityaarhusDenmark health sciences education research Group Department of experimental and health sciencesPompeu Fabra UniversityBarcelonaspain Techno-science&societal Transformation research Group institut für höhere studien-institute for advanced studies(i)Viennaaustria estudies centre on science communication and societyDepartment of experimental and health sciencesPompeu Fabra UniversityBarcelonaspain

Responsible research and innovation,or RRI,is a concept that aims to bring together society and science for a better *** are six key elements of RRI:public engagement,gender equality,science education,open access,ethics and *** Education Institutions and Responsible research and Innovation(HEIRRI)project aimed to bring the concept of RRI into the educational *** state-of-the-art review of good practices,HEIRRI team developed 10 training programmes on RRI for different higher education institution educational levels,including a summer school and a massive open online course(MOOC).We conducted pilot of the trainings and evaluated participants’*** with HEIRRI training programmes on responsible research and innovation was high,both for participants and for the trainers,and trainings raised awareness of ***’feedback was used to identify areas that need improvement and provided for recommendations for final versions of the HEIRRI training *** order to equip researchers with skills to recognize and apply RRI values,RRI should be included in their *** training is suitable for a range of different disciplines,including forensic science,and is free to use and adjust for specific contexts(available from:https://***/heirri-training-programmes).

关键词： research integrity research ethics responsible research and innovation responsibility societal inclusion higher education institutions RRI teaching

Trojan Terrorism as a Principate of Deception, Or in the Arms of the Terracotta Locust (Ethymological Wing Cases of Virtus): Part Ⅱ

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2020年第9期8卷 409-417页

作者： Menshikova Elena Rudolfovna New Institute for Cultural research MoscowRussia

“Trojan terrorism”leaped to the place and in time as an exhalation of bewilderment at the terrorist attacks in London last year,as a challenge to political manipulation,and jumped as the continuation of the topic of migration(the fundamental problem of modernity),as a creation of an internal conflict that multiplies the external conflict,in the theme of systemic instability-theoretical reasonableness of Deception,which destroys the system of contracts as a condition of the world *** report at the University of London(Birkbeck)on Feb.9,2018,which was read in English,still not the latest direct evidence of the use of this scandalous method of“Trojan terrorism”—the defamation of the whole country(Russia),plus violation of territorial integrity,including and military attack,another country that lies on the other side of the ocean(Syria),and which is accused of not living by the rules(the“Absolute”method by Caesar),the relevance of its problems beat real events in because the state of modern“utopianism”-the state of Utopus(USA),intended from the matrix of the British Empire,its tactics of violence-“occupy”(seizure of the“alien”)-has never changed,and the March-April events in international politics are just another notch on this dead python,which is called“democratic values”.As in the case of Marks’s“Capital”,the theory first followed,and then the practice of sabotage:a system of terrorist attacks,riots,revolutions,world and civil wars,and“Trojan terrorism”:bold attacks by international terrorists,sweeping away the principles and norms of any social treaty(Rousseau did not even dream of this sadness),the norms of law,ethics and morality,economic agreements(interstate agreements),including military demonstration of force,provocation of military conflicts,pirate antics,demarches of intimidation and blackmail,reviving the myth of the Trojan Horse and giving it the status of an“established order”:the norms that are accepted by the majority as“natural law”,as the natural

关键词： terra terror “Trojan terrorism” piracy technology of lies Myth