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Polychlorinated biphenyls and omega-3 fatty acid exposure from fish consumption,and thyroid cancer among New York anglers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 270-277页

作者： Alyson Haslam Sara Wagner Robb Matthew R.Bonner William Lindblad Joey Allegra Ye Shen John E.Vena Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of Georgia Department of Epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of Buffalo Department of public health Sciences School of MedicineMedical University of South Carolina

Fish from the Great Lakes contain polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs）which have been shown to disrupt endocrine function and mimic thyroid hormones,but they also contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that may offer protection against endocrine *** purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lake ontario fish consumption and the estimated consumption of PCBs and omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of thyroid cancer in a group of sport *** from the New York State Angler Cohort Study were followed for cancer incidence from 1991–***-seven cases of incident thyroid cancer and 108 controls were included in the *** estimated fish consumption,estimated omega-3 fatty acid consumption,and estimated PCB consumption from Lake ontario fish were examined for an association with the incidence of thyroid cancer,while matching on sex,and controlling for age and smoking *** from logistic regression indicate no significant associations between fish consumption,short-term estimated omega-3 fatty acids,or estimated PCB consumption from Great Lakes fish and the development of thyroid cancer,but it was suggested that long-term omega-3 fatty acid from Great Lakes fish may be protective of the development of thyroid *** conclusion,fish consumption,with the possible concomitant PCBs,from the Great Lakes does not appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in New York *** research is needed in order to separate the individual health effects of PCBs from omega-3 fatty acids contained within the fish.

关键词： Polychlorinated biphenyls Omega-3 fatty acids Thyroid cancer Lake ontario Fish consumption

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Examining the effects of voluntary avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated behaviour change on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2:A mathematical model

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 701-712页

作者： Gabrielle Brankston David N.Fisman Zvonimir Poljak Ashleigh R.Tuite Amy L.Greer Department of Population Medicine University of GuelphCanada Dalla Lana School of public health University of TorontoCanada Centre for Immunization Readiness Public Health Agency of CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada

Background Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,policymakers have had to navigate between recommending voluntary behaviour change and policy-driven behaviour change to mitigate the impact of the *** individuals will voluntarily engage in self-protective behaviour when there is an increasing infectious disease risk,the extent to which this occurs and its impact on an epidemic is not *** This paper describes a deterministic disease transmission model exploring the impact of individual avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated avoidance behaviour on epidemic outcomes during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in ontario,Canada(September 1,2020 to February 28,2021).The model incorporates an information feedback function based on empirically derived behaviour data describing the degree to which avoidance behaviour changed in response to the number of new daily cases *** Voluntary avoidance behaviour alone was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 23.1%,the total number of hospitalizations by 26.2%,and cumulative deaths by 27.5%over 6 months compared to a counterfactual scenario in which there were no interventions or avoidance behaviour.A provincial shutdown order issued on December 26,2020 was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 66.7%,the total number of hospitalizations by 66.8%,and the total number of deaths by 67.2%compared to the counterfactual *** Given the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a pre-vaccine era,individual avoidance behaviour in the absence of government action would have resulted in a moderate reduction in disease however,it would not have been sufficient to entirely mitigate transmission and the associated risk to the population in *** action during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in ontario reduced infections,protected hospital capacity,and saved lives.

关键词： Mathematical modelling COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Human behaviour

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Impact of extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in a Canadian community hospital

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 31-35页

作者： April J.Chan Gerald Lebovic Michael Wan Yan Chen Elizabeth Leung Bradley J.Langford Jenny Seah Linda R.Taggart Mark Downing Department of Pharmacy Unity Health TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada University of Toronto TorontoOntarioCanada Division of Infectious Diseases Unity Health TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada public health ontario TorontoOntarioCanada Hotel Dieu Shaver health and Rehabilitation Centre St.CatharinesOntarioCanada

Background:Studies have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes with extended infusion(EI)piperacillin/tazobactam(TZP)compared to standard infusion(SI).However,there is less evidence on its benefits in noncritically-ill ***-wide EI TZP was implemented at our site on February 21,*** objectives were to compare clinical,safety and economic outcomes between EI and SI ***:A retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who received EI TZP(3.375 g IV q8h infused over 4 hours and SI TZP for≥48 hours during 3 years pre-and postimplementation was *** primary study outcome was 14-day mortality while secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay(LOS),nursing plus pharmacy cost,occurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection,readmission within 30 days and change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)distribution for *** primary outcome and binary secondary outcomes were analyzed using a logistic regression *** was examined using time to event *** was examined using linear regression ***:Overall,2034 patients received EI TZP and 1364 patients received SI *** TZP was associated with lower odds of mortality(OR 0.76,95%CI 0.63-0.91),lower odds of *** infection(OR 0.59,95%CI 0.41-0.84)and 8%lower cost(estimate 0.92,95%CI 0.87-0.98)compared to SI ***:Hospital-wide implementation of EI TZP was associated with lower odds of 14-day mortality and incidence of *** infection with cost savings at our institution.

关键词： Antimicrobial stewardship Piperacillin/tazobactam Extended-infusion

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The Importance of Reducing Smoking in China: To Achieve healthy China 2030 While Reducing the Severity of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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China CDC weekly 2020年第22期2卷 404-406页

作者： Geoffrey T.Fong Yuan Jiang Department of Psychology and School of public health and health Systems University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada ontario Institute for Cancer Research TorontoOntarioCanada Former Director Tobacco Control OfficeChina CDCBeijingChina

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is the most devastating threat to global health since the 1918 influenza *** of May 22,2020,there have been 5.1 million cases confirmed,with over 333,000 *** we are just at the beginning of a long *** is a connection between COVID-19—the greatest infectious disease outbreak in a century—and the greatest chronic disease threat in the world today—tobacco *** has been identified by the World health Organization(WHO)as the“single greatest preventable cause of death in the world”(1).Tobacco smoking kills 7.1 million people a year(2),with an additional 1.2 million dying from secondhand smoke(2).

关键词： smoke threat greatest

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Yellow fever virus outbreak in Brazil under current and future climate

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 664-677页

作者： Tara Sadeghieh Jan M.Sargeant Amy L.Greer Olaf Berke Guillaume Dueymes Philippe Gachon Nicholas H.Ogden Victoria Ng Population Medicine University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Centre for public health and Zoonoses Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada public health Risk Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaGuelphOntarioSt.HyacintheQuebecCanada ESCER(Etude et Simulation du Climata l’Echelle Regionale)Centre Universite du Quebec a MontrealQuebecCanada

Introduction:Yellow fever(YF)is primarily transmitted by Haemagogus species of *** climate change,mosquitoes and the pathogens that they carry are expected to develop faster,potentially impacting the case count and duration of YF *** aim of this study was to determine how YF virus outbreaks in Brazil may change under future climate,using ensemble simulations from regional climate models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for three time periods:2011-2040(short-term),2041-2070(mid-term),and 2071-2100(long-term).Methods:A compartmental model was developed to fit the 2017/18 YF outbreak data in Brazil using least squares *** explore the impact of climate change,temperature-sensitive mosquito parameters were set to change over projected time periods using polynomial equations fitted to their relationship with temperature according to the average temperature for years 2011-2040,2041-2070,and 2071-2100 for climate change scenarios using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,where RCP4.5/RCP8.5 corresponds to intermediate/high radiative forcing values and to moderate/higher warming trends.A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine how the temperature-sensitive parameters impacted model results,and to determine how vaccination could play a role in reducing YF in ***:Yellow fever case projections for Brazil from the models varied when climate change scenarios were applied,including the peak clinical case incidence,cumulative clinical case incidence,time to peak incidence,and the outbreak ***,a decrease in YF cases and outbreak duration was *** the observed incidence in 2017/18 to the projected incidence in 2070-2100,for RCP4.5,the cumulative case incidence decreased from 184 to 161,and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 20 *** RCP8.5,the peak case incidence decreased from 184 to 147,and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 17 *** observed decrease was primarily due to temperature increasing

关键词： Yellow fever Mosquito-borne disease Climate change Infectious disease model Temperature

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Aetiology of extracranial carotid free-floating thrombus in a prospective multicentre cohort

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 194-196,I0005页

作者： Dar Dowlatshahi Cheemun Lum Bijoy K Menon Aditya Bharatha Prasham Dave Paulo Puac-Polanco Dylan Blacquiere Grant Stotts Michel Shamy Franco Momoli Rebecca Thornhill Ronda Lun Carlos Torres Department of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Clinical Epidemiology Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada School of Epidemiology and public health University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Department of Radiology University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Departments of Clinical Neurosciences Radiology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada

Background Carotid free-floating thrombi(FFT)in patients with acute transient ischaemic attack(TIA)/stroke have a high risk of early recurrent *** depends on aetiology,which can include local plaque rupture,dissection,coagulopathy,malignancy and *** objectives were to classify the underlying aetiology of FFT and to estimate the proportion of patients with underlying stenosis requiring *** We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients presenting to three comprehensive stroke centres with acute TIA/stroke and ipsilateral internal carotid artery *** aetiology of FFT was classified as:carotid atherosclerotic disease,carotid dissection,cardioembolism,both carotid atherosclerosis and cardioembolism,or embolic stroke of uncertain source(ESUS).Patients with carotid atherosclerosis were further subclassified as having≥50%or<50%*** We enrolled 83 patients with confirmed *** assessments revealed 66/83(79.5%)had carotid atherosclerotic plaque,4/83(4.8%)had a carotid dissection,10/83(12%)had both atrial fibrillation and carotid atherosclerotic plaque and 3/83(3.6%)were classified as *** the 76 patients with atherosclerotic plaque(including those with atrial fibrillation),40(52.6%)had≥50%ipsilateral *** The majority of symptomatic carotid artery FFT are likely caused by local plaque rupture,more than half of which are associated with moderate to severe carotid stenosis requiring ***,a significant number of FFTs are caused by non-atherosclerotic mechanisms warranting additional investigations.

关键词： carotid prospective floating

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Medical,behavioural and social preconception and interconception risk factors among pregnancy planning and recently pregnant Canadian women

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Family Medicine and Community health 2022年第3期10卷 7-19页

作者： Cindy-Lee Dennis Alessandra Prioreschi Hilary K Brown Sarah Brennenstuhl Rhonda C Bell Stephanie Atkinson Dragana Misita Flavia Marini Sarah Carsley Nilusha Jiwani-Ebrahim Catherine Birken Lawrence S.Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada St Michael's Hospital Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute TorontoOntarioCanada SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for health Research Unit Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg-BraamfonteinGautengSouth Africa Dalla Lana School of public health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of health&Society University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Paediatrics McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada public health ontario TorontoOntarioCanada York Region public health VaughanOntarioCanada Paediatric Medicine The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada

Objectives The objective of this study is to describe the clustering of medical,behavioural and social preconception and interconception health risk factors and determine demographic factors associated with these risk clusters among Canadian *** Cross-sectional data were collected via an online questionnaire assessing a range of preconception risk *** of each risk factor and the total number of risk factors present was *** logistic regression models determined which demographic factors were associated with having greater than the mean number of risk *** factor analysis determined how risk factors clustered,and Spearman’s r determined how demographic characteristics related to risk factors within each *** *** Participants were recruited via advertisements on public health websites,social media,parenting webpages and referrals from ongoing studies or existing research *** were eligible to participate if they could read and understand English,were able to access a telephone or the internet,and were either planning a first pregnancy(preconception)or had≥1 child in the past 5 years and were thus in the interconception *** Most women(n=1080)were 34 or older,and were in the interconception period(98%).Most reported risks in only one of the 12 possible risk factor categories(55%),but women reported on average 4 risks *** risks were a history of caesarean section(33.1%),miscarriage(27.2%)and high birth weight(13.5%).Just over 40%had fair or poor eating habits,and nearly half were not getting enough physical ***-quarters had a body mass index indicating overweight or *** without a postsecondary degree(OR 2.35;95%CI 1.74 to 3.17)and single women(OR 2.22,95%CI 1.25 to 3.96)had over twice the odds of having more risk *** with two children or more had 60%lower odds of having more risk factors(OR 0.68,95%CI 0.52 to 0.86).Low educatio

关键词： Canada behaviour conception

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Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflict-affected regions:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 324-334页

作者： Syed Hassan Ahmed Aabia Zakai Maha Zahi Muhammad Youshay Jawad Rui Fu Michael Chaiton Dow University of health Sciences KarachiPakistan Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral health Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Dalla Lana School of public health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada institute of Mental health Policy Research The Center of Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada

Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health *** This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected *** This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant *** assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical *** The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for *** included studies comprised data from 64596 *** estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted *** subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/*** The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health ***,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.

关键词： analysis stress armed

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Bidirectional impact of imperfect mask use on reproduction number of COVID-19:A next generation matrix approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 405-408页

作者： David N.Fisman Amy L.Greer Ashleigh R.Tuite Dalla Lana School of public health University of TorontoTorontoCanada Department of Population Medicine University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada

The use of masks as a means of reducing transmission of COVID-19 outside healthcare settings has proved *** are thought to have two modes of effect:they prevent infection with COVID-19 in wearers;and prevent transmission by individuals with subclinical *** used a simple next-generation matrix approach to estimate the conditions under which masks would reduce the reproduction number of COVID-19 under a threshold of *** model takes into account the possibility of assortative mixing,where mask users interact preferentially with other mask *** make 3 key observations:***,even with suboptimal efficacy in both prevention of acquisition and transmission of infection,could substantially decrease the reproduction number for COVID-19 if widely *** masking may be sufficient to suppress epidemics where R has been brought close to 1 via other measures(e.g.,distancing).3.“Assortment”within populations(the tendency for interactions between masked individuals to be more likely than interactions between masked and unmasked individuals)would rapidly erode the impact of *** such,mask uptake needs to be fairly universal to have an *** simple model suggests that widespread uptake of masking could be determinative in suppressing COVID-19 epidemics in regions with R(t)at or near 1.

关键词： Masks Epidemiology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Next generation matrix Mixing Assortative Epidemics

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The Three Gorges Dam:Does it accelerate or delay the progress towards eliminating transmission of schistosomiasis in China?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 525-533页

作者： Yi-Biao Zhou Song Liang Yue Chen Qing-Wu Jiang Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthFudan University138 Yi Xue Yuan RoadShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of public health Safety Ministry of EducationFudan University138 Yi Xue Yuan RoadShanghai 200032China Center for Tropical Disease Research Fudan University138 Yi Xue Yuan RoadShanghai 200032China Department of Environmental and Global health College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Epidemiology Public Health and Preventive MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa451 Smyth RoadOttawaOntarioCanada

The Three Gorges Dam,located in the largest endemic area of schistosomiasis in China,is one of the world’s largest hydroelectric projects to *** large-scale hydro projects have resulted in schistosomiasis emergence or ***,the dam’s potential impact on the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum has raised concerns from medical researchers worldwide.A systematic literature review,coupled with an analysis of data on the water level and snail density in the Yangtze River was conducted to assess the impact of the dam on schistosomiasis transmission after more than 10 years of *** dam has significantly altered the water levels in the Yangtze River according to different *** changes directly impact the ecology of the schistosome snail *** to the dam,there has been a reduction in the density of Oncomelania snails and/or changes in the distribution of *** prevalence of infection with *** has decreased in the downstream areas of the dam,including in the Dongting and Poyang *** prevalence of infection with *** in humans has decreased from 6.80%in 2002(before the dam began operating)to 0.50%in 2012,and the number of people infected with *** have decreased from 94208 in 2002 to 59200 in 2011 in the Poyang Lake *** presence of the dam does not seem to affect snail breeding or the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Three Gorges ***,the Three Gorges Dam has significantly contributed to changes in hydrology after more than 10 years of the dam *** changes caused by the dam,together with integrated control of schistosomiasis,might be accelerating the progress towards eliminating the transmission of *** in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze *** the positive effect the dam is having in controlling *** transmission,continued surveillance is required to monitor the future ecological impacts of the dam over the long term.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Schistosomiasis Schistosoma japonicum Oncomelania hupensis hupensis Elimination China

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