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Effects of a periodic intermittent theta burst stimulation in Alzheimer's disease

General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 53-63页

作者： Xingqi Wu Yibing Yan Panpan Hu Lu Wang Yue Wu Pan Wu Zhi Geng Guixian Xiao Shanshan Zhou Gongjun Ji Bensheng Qiu Ling Wei Yanghua Tian Hesheng Liu Kai Wang department of Neurology First ffiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina School of Mental health and psychological sciences Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders HefeiAnhuiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental health HefeiAnhuiChina department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine The Second Affliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina Center for Biomedical Imaging University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina institute of Artificial Intlligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefeiAnhuiChina department of Neuroscience Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Background Previous studies havedemonstrated that excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)can improve the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS)is a novel excitatory rTMS protocol for brain activity stimulation with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for ***,the long-term effects of iTBS on cognitive decline and brain structure in patients with AD *** We aimed to explore whether repeating accelerated iTBS every three months could slow down the cognitive decline in patients with *** In this randomised,assessor-blinded,controlled trial,iTBS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)of 42 patients with AD for 14days every *** included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),a comprehensive neuropsychological battery,and the grey matter volume(GMV)of the *** were evaluated at baseline and after *** longitudinal pipeline of the Computational Anatomy Toolbox for SPM was used to detect significant treatment-related changes over *** The iTBS group maintained MoCA scores relative to the control group(t=3.26,p=0.013)and reduced hippocampal atrophy,which was significantly correlated with global degeneration scale *** baseline Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)score,apolipoprotein E genotype and Clinical Dementia Rating were indicative of MoCA scores at ***,the GMV of the left(t=0.08,p=0.996)and right(t=0.19,p=0.977)hippocampus were maintained in the active group but significantly declined in the control group(left:t=4.13,p<0.001;right:t=5.31,p<0.001).GMV change in the left(r=0.35,p=0.023)and right(r=0.36,p=0.021)hippocampus across the intervention positively correlated with MoCA changes;left hippocampal GMV change was negatively correlated with global degeneration scale(r=-0.32,p=0.041)*** D

关键词： stimulation Alzheimer maintained

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Effectiveness of hybrid ensemble machine learning models for landslide susceptibility analysis:Evidence from Shimla district of North-west Indian Himalayan region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2368-2393页

作者： SHARMA Aastha SAJJAD Haroon RAHAMAN Md Hibjur SAHA Tamal Kanti BHUYAN Nirsobha department of Geography Faculty of SciencesJamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi-110025India

The Indian Himalayan region is frequently experiencing climate change-induced ***,landslide susceptibility assessment assumes greater significance for lessening the impact of a landslide *** paper makes an attempt to assess landslide susceptibility in Shimla district of the northwest Indian Himalayan *** examined the effectiveness of random forest(RF),multilayer perceptron(MLP),sequential minimal optimization regression(SMOreg)and bagging ensemble(B-RF,BSMOreg,B-MLP)models.A landslide inventory map comprising 1052 locations of past landslide occurrences was classified into training(70%)and testing(30%)*** site-specific influencing factors were selected by employing a multicollinearity *** relationship between past landslide occurrences and influencing factors was established using the frequency ratio *** effectiveness of machine learning models was verified through performance *** landslide susceptibility maps were validated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC-AUC),accuracy,precision,recall and *** key performance metrics and map validation demonstrated that the BRF model(correlation coefficient:0.988,mean absolute error:0.010,root mean square error:0.058,relative absolute error:2.964,ROC-AUC:0.947,accuracy:0.778,precision:0.819,recall:0.917 and F-1 score:0.865)outperformed the single classifiers and other bagging ensemble models for landslide *** results show that the largest area was found under the very high susceptibility zone(33.87%),followed by the low(27.30%),high(20.68%)and moderate(18.16%)susceptibility *** factors,namely average annual rainfall,slope,lithology,soil texture and earthquake magnitude have been identified as the influencing factors for very high landslide *** texture,lineament density and elevation have been attributed to high and moderate ***,the study calls for devising suitable landslide mitig

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Site-specific factors Machine learning models Hybrid ensemble learning Geospatial techniques Himalayan region

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The burden and psychosocial impact on immediate caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in a tertiary health facility,Edo State,Nigeria

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2024年第2期6卷 103-110页

作者： Timothy Aghoghko EHWARIEME Uzezi JOSIAH Auwuli EMINA department of Nursing Science School of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of BeninBenin CityEdo StateNigeria department of Nursing Science Delta State University AbrakaDelta StateNigeria department of Nursing Science Faculty of Basic Medical and Health SciencesBenson Idahosa UniversityBenin CityEdo StateNigeria

Objective:This study aimed to assess the burden and psychosocial impact of spinal cord injury on the immediate caregivers at a tertiary health facility in Benin City,Edo *** and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted among 73 family caregivers in the neurological ward of a tertiary health facility using a structured questionnaire as instrument of data *** collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic ***:Findings revealed that an overall mean of 2.73 indicates that the burden on the caregivers was moderate with a moderate psychological impact(m=2.88)and a high sociological impact(m=3.12).Factors affecting the caregiving provided by immediate caregivers include social and household responsibilities(94.5%),financial situation(89.0%),family support(83.6%),and health status of the caregiver(80.8%).Age(odds ratio[OR]=5.67,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.23-27.17,P=0.027),education(OR=3.75,95%CI:1.05-13.39,P=0.041),and“others”(spouses,siblings,friends,or extended family members)(OR=3.167,95%CI:1.583-6.337,P=0.001)were predictors for high psychological impact while education(OR=0.074;95%CI:0.015-0.370,P=0.001)and caregiving role(OR=3.167;95%CI:0.1.583-6.337,P=0.001)high sociological ***:Majority of the caregivers experience moderate burden,moderate psychological impact,and high sociological *** these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and support services to address the unique needs of caregivers and mitigate the burden of caregiving on their psychosocial health.

关键词： Burden caregivers predictors of psychosocial impact psychological impact sociological impact spinal cord injury

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Contemporary Study for Detection of COVID-19 Using Machine learning with Explainable AI

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1075-1104页

作者： Saad Akbar Humera Azam Sulaiman Sulmi Almutairi Omar Alqahtani Habib Shah Aliya Aleryani department of Computer Science University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Science and TechnologyHamdard UniversityKarachi75540Pakistan department of health Informatics College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityQassim51452Saudi Arabia department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

The prompt spread of COVID-19 has emphasized the necessity for effective and precise diagnostic *** this article,a hybrid approach in terms of datasets as well as the methodology by utilizing a previously unexplored dataset obtained from a private hospital for detecting COVID-19,pneumonia,and normal conditions in chest X-ray images(CXIs)is proposed coupled with Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI).Our study leverages less preprocessing with pre-trained cutting-edge models like InceptionV3,VGG16,and VGG19 that excel in the task of feature *** methodology is further enhanced by the inclusion of the t-SNE(t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding)technique for visualizing the extracted image features and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)to improve images before extraction of ***,an AttentionMechanism is utilized,which helps clarify how the modelmakes decisions,which builds trust in artificial intelligence(AI)*** evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,both benchmark datasets and a private dataset obtained with permissions from Jinnah PostgraduateMedical Center(JPMC)in Karachi,Pakistan,are *** 12 experiments,VGG19 showcased remarkable performance in the hybrid dataset approach,achieving 100%accuracy in COVID-19 *** classification and 97%in distinguishing normal ***,across all classes,the approach achieved 98%accuracy,demonstrating its efficiency in detecting COVID-19 and differentiating it fromother chest disorders(Pneumonia and healthy)while also providing insights into the decision-making process of the models.

关键词： COVID-19 detection deep neural networks support vector machine CXIs InceptionV3 VGG16 VGG19 t-SNE embedding CLAHE attention mechanism XAI

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Elevational patterns of warming effects on plant community and topsoil properties: focus on subalpine meadows ecosystem

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 146-159页

作者： HAO Aihua LUO Zhengming CHEN Xiaojiang department of Geography Xinzhou Normal UniversityXinzhou 034000China department of Biological sciences Xinzhou Normal UniversityXinzhou 034000China

Climate warming profoundly affects plant biodiversity, community productivity, and soil properties in alpine and subalpine grassland ecosystems. However, these effects are poorly understood across elevational gradients in subalpine meadow ecosystems. To reveal the elevational patterns of warming effects on plant biodiversity, community structure, productivity, and soil properties, we conducted a warming experiment using open-top chambers from August 2019 to August 2022 at high(2764 m a. s. l.), medium(2631 m a. s. l.), and low(2544 m a. s. l.) elevational gradients on a subalpine meadow slope of Mount Wutai, Northern China. Our results showed that three years of warming significantly increased topsoil temperature but significantly decreased topsoil moisture at all elevations(P<0.05), and the percentage of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture both gradually raised with elevation lifting. Warming-induced decreasing proportions of soil organic carbon(SOC, by 19.24%), and total nitrogen(TN, by 24.56%) were the greatest at high elevational gradients. Experimental warming did not affect topsoil C: N, p H, NO_(3)^(-)-N, or NH_(4)^(+)-N at the three elevational gradients. Warming significantly increased species richness(P<0.01) and Shannon-Weiner index(P<0.05) at low elevational gradients but significantly decreased belowground biomass(P<0.05) at a depth of 0–10 cm at three elevational gradients. Warming caused significant increases in the aboveground biomass in the three elevational plots. Warming significantly increased the aboveground biomass of graminoids in medium(by 92.47%) and low(by 98.25%) elevational gradients, that of sedges in high(by 72.44%) and medium(by 57.16%) elevational plots, and that of forbs in high(by 75.88%), medium(by 34.38%), and low(by 74.95%) elevational plots. Species richness had significant linear correlations with SOC, TN, and C: N(P<0.05), but significant nonlinear responses to soil temperature and soil moisture in the warmed treatm

关键词： Warming effect Plant diversity pattern Community structure change Elevation gradient Alpine meadow ecosystem Mount Wutai

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Cumulative Exposure to Natural Hazards and Mental health in China: Are Older People More Vulnerable or More Resilient Than Younger and Middle-Aged Adults?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 277-289页

作者： Shuai Zhou Crystal Kwan department of Applied Social sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Despite the well-documented impacts of single natural hazards like earthquakes, less is known about the psychological adaptation to multiple natural hazards, particularly in rural areas. This study investigated the associations of multiple natural hazards with depression among Chinese adults. Data were retrieved from the China Family Panel Studies conducted during 2010–2018. With a sample of 11,633 Chinese adults, multilevel logistic regression was employed to examine the relationships between natural hazard exposure and depression in the total sample and different age groups. Overall, experiencing four or more natural hazards was associated with a higher risk of being depressed. Regarding hazard type, the number of hydrometeorological and biological hazards was associated with a higher likelihood of depression, whereas the number of geologic and other hazards was related to a lower risk of depression. Middle-aged adults from villages were more likely to be affected by natural hazard exposure than older and younger adults. The findings of this study show that cumulative exposure to natural hazards can generate lasting effects on depressive symptoms, particularly in middle adulthood. The findings also suggest that older adults from rural areas may have accumulated more resilience to mitigate the adverse well-being effects of hazard events. Policies and interventions should enhance disaster awareness and preparation for aging residents from multi-hazard communities.

关键词： Age differences China Depressive symptoms Multi-hazard communities Natural hazard exposure

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Revealing excited states of rotational Bose-Einstein condensates

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 41-48页

作者： Jianyuan Yin Zhen Huang Yongyong Cai Qiang Du Lei Zhang School of Mathematical sciences Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied MathematicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China department of Mathematics National University of SingaporeSingapore 119076Singapore department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Mathematical sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and Data Science Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Center for Quantitative BiologyCenter for Machine Learning ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Rotational Bose-Einstein condensates can exhibit quantized vortices as topological *** this study,the ground and excited states of the rotational Bose-Einstein condensates are systematically studied by calculating the stationary points of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy *** excited states and their connections at different rotational frequencies are revealed in solution landscapes constructed with the constrained high-index saddle dynamics *** excitation mechanisms are identified:vortex addition,rearrangement,merging,and *** demonstrate changes in the ground state with increasing rotational frequencies and decipher the evolution of the stability of ground states.

关键词： method rotational excited

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Optimised CNN Architectures for Handwritten Arabic Character Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4905-4924页

作者： Salah Alghyaline department of Computer Science TheWorld Islamic Sciences and Education UniversityAmman1101-11947Jordan

Handwritten character recognition is considered challenging compared with machine-printed characters due to the different human writing *** is morphologically rich,and its characters have a high *** Arabic language includes 28 *** character has up to four shapes according to its location in the word(at the beginning,middle,end,and isolated).This paper proposed 12 CNN architectures for recognizing handwritten Arabic *** proposed architectures were derived from the popular CNN architectures,such as VGG,ResNet,and Inception,to make them applicable to recognizing character-size *** experimental results on three well-known datasets showed that the proposed architectures significantly enhanced the recognition rate compared to the baseline *** experiments showed that data augmentation improved the models’accuracies on all tested *** proposed model outperformed most of the existing *** best achieved results were 93.05%,98.30%,and 96.88%on the HIJJA,AHCD,and AIA9K datasets.

关键词： Optical character recognition(OCR) handwritten arabic characters deep learning

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Mothers’challenges and experiences of children with cerebral palsy:a qualitative meta-synthesis

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第2期11卷 169-179页

作者： Meng-Yun Peng Yi-Fu Lu department of Nursing Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123China department of Nursing Graduate School of Health SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayama 7008588Japan department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology Okayama UniversityOkayama 7008588Japan

Objective:To examine what challenges and experiences a mother faces in caring for children with cerebral palsy(CP).As the main caregiver of children with CP,mothers are under multiple *** though mothers’challenges and experiences of children with CP will affect their quality of life and the rehabilitation of the children,little is known about their challenges and experiences during the whole ***:A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to extract and analyze qualitative research from the PubMed,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Web of Science,Ovid and MEDLINE *** articles were selected and analyzed using thematic ***:From 2522 screened abstracts,84 texts were reviewed,and 13 studies met the inclusion ***’challenges and experiences of children with CP include 4 themes,both positive and ***:The mothers of children with CP suffer from physical burden,as well as psychological pressure,in the care experience;social and healthcare support are their main *** to help them face the difficulties and adapt to the role of caregivers as soon as possible should target multiple aspects in order to maximize effectiveness,to promote the healthy growth of children with CP.

关键词： challenges children with cerebral palsy experience meta-synthesis mothers

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Topology design and graph embedding for decentralized federated learning

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第2期5卷 100-115页

作者： Yubin Duan Xiuqi Li Jie Wu department of Computer and Information sciences Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA

Federated learning has been widely employed in many applications to protect the data privacy of participating *** the dataset is decentralized among training devices in federated learning,the model parameters are usually stored in a centralized *** federated learning is easy to implement;however,a centralized scheme causes a communication bottleneck at the central server,which may significantly slow down the training *** improve training efficiency,we investigate the decentralized federated learning *** decentralized scheme has become feasible with the rapid development of device-to-device communication techniques under ***,the convergence rate of learning models in the decentralized scheme depends on the network topology *** propose optimizing the topology design to improve training efficiency for decentralized federated learning,which is a non-trivial problem,especially when considering data *** this paper,we first demonstrate the advantage of hypercube topology and present a hypercube graph construction method to reduce data heterogeneity by carefully selecting neighbors of each training device—a process that resembles classic graph *** addition,we propose a heuristic method for generating torus ***,we have explored the communication patterns in hypercube topology and propose a sequential synchronization scheme to reduce communication cost during training.A batch synchronization scheme is presented to fine-tune the communication pattern for hypercube *** on real-world datasets show that our proposed graph construction methods can accelerate the training process,and our sequential synchronization scheme can significantly reduce the overall communication traffic during training.

关键词： data heterogeneity decentralized federated learning graph embedding network topology

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