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Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN Alain Y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research group Plant-Soil interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

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The combined effect of bromadiolone and ivermectin (iBr) in controlling both rodents and their fleas

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 156-164页

作者： Ming LIU Xinrong WAN Wei LIU Xingan MA Zhibin ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Inner Mongolia Minzu University TongliaoInner MongoliaChina International Society of Zoological Sciences BeijingChina

Rodent pests not only cause severe agricultural loss but also spread zoonotic pathogens to human ***-agulant rodenticides are widely used to decrease the population densities of rodents but often lead to the spillover of ectoparasites becausefleas and ticks may gather on surviving ***,it is necessary to killfleas and ticks before culling rodents to minimize the risk of pathogen *** this study,we used a mixture of ivermectin(an antiparasitic drug)and bromadiolone(an anticoagulant rodenticide)to control both rodent andflea/tick *** found that in a laboratory test,0.01%ivermectin bait was not lethal for greater long-tailed hamsters after 7 days of treatment,while 0.1%ivermectin bait was lethal for approximately 33%of treated *** afield test,bait containing 0.001%,0.005%,0.01%,and 0.05%ivermectin decreased the number offleas per vole of Brandt’s voles to 0.42,0.22,0.12,and 0.2,respectively,compared with 0.77 in the control group,indicating that 0.01%ivermectin bait performed best in *** another laboratory test,bait containing a 0.01%ivermectin and 0.005%bromadiolone mixture caused the death of all voles within 6–14 days after the intake of the *** thefield test,the bait containing 0.01%ivermectin and 0.005%bromadiolone reduced the average number offleas per vole to 0.35,which was significantly lower than the 0.77 of the control *** results indicate that a 0.01%ivermectin and 0.005%bromadiolone mixture could be used to control both rodents andfleas to minimize the spillover risk of disease transmission when using traditional rodenticides.

关键词： bromadiolone flea iBr ivermectin rodent synergistic control

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Effects of simulated gut pH environment on bacterial composition and pheromone production of Dendroctonus valens

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 225-235页

作者： Qingjie Cao Yu Zhao Tuuli-Marjaana Koski Huiping Li Jianghua Sun College of Forestry Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic interactions Institute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingHebei ProvinceChina

Bark beetles are an economically and ecologically important insect group,with aggregation behavior and thus host colonization success depends on pheromone-mediated *** some species,such as the major invasive forest pest in China,red turpentine beetle(Dendroctonus valens),gut microbiota participates in pheromone production by converting tree monoterpenes into pheromone ***,how variation in gut microenvironment,such as pH,affects the gut microbial composition,and consequently pheromone production,is *** this study,we fed wild caught *** with 3 different pH media(main host diet with natural pH of 4.7;a mildly acidic diet with pH 6 mimicking the beetle gut pH;and highly acidic diet with pH 4),and measured their effects on the gut pH,bacterial community and production of the main aggregation and anti-aggregation pheromone(verbenone).We further tested the verbenone production capacity of 2 gut bacterial isolates in different pH environments(pH 6 and 4).Compared to natural state or main host diet,feeding on less acidic diet(pH 6)diluted the acidity of the gut,whereas feeding on highly acidic diet(pH 4)enhanced *** changes in gut pH reduced the abundance of dominant bacterial genera,resulting in decreased verbenone ***,the highest pheromone conversion rate of the bacterial isolates was observed in pH mimicking the acidity in beetle *** together,these results indicate that changes in gut pH can affect gut microbiota composition and pheromone production,and may therefore have the potential to affect host colonization behavior.

关键词： Dendroctonus valens gut bacteria gut pH verbenone

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Explainable Neural Network for Sensitivity Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Smart Production

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1944-1953页

作者： Kailong Liu Qiao Peng Yuhang Liu Naxin Cui Chenghui Zhang School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Information Technology Analytics&Operations groupQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK

Battery production is crucial for determining the quality of electrode,which in turn affects the manufactured battery *** battery production is complicated with strongly coupled intermediate and control parameters,an efficient solution that can perform a reliable sensitivity analysis of the production terms of interest and forecast key battery properties in the early production phase is urgently *** paper performs detailed sensitivity analysis of key production terms on determining the properties of manufactured battery electrode via advanced data-driven *** be specific,an explainable neural network named generalized additive model with structured interaction(GAM-SI)is designed to predict two key battery properties,including electrode mass loading and porosity,while the effects of four early production terms on manufactured batteries are explained and *** experimental results reveal that the proposed method is able to accurately predict battery electrode properties in the mixing and coating *** addition,the importance ratio ranking,global interpretation and local interpretation of both the main effects and pairwise interactions can be effectively visualized by the designed neural *** to the merits of interpretability,the proposed GAM-SI can help engineers gain important insights for understanding complicated production behavior,further benefitting smart battery production.

关键词： Battery management battery manufacturing data science explainable artificial intelligence sensitivity analysis

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Evolution of molecular structure of TATB under shock loading from transient Raman spectroscopic technique

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 613-620页

作者： Hongliang Kang Xue Yang Wenshuo Yuan Lei Yang Xinghan Li Fusheng Liu Zhengtang Liu Qijun Liu Bond and Band Engineering group School of Physical Science and TechnologySouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

By combination of the transient Raman spectroscopic measurement and the density functional theoretical calculations,the structural evolution and stability of TATB under shock compression was *** to the improvement in synchronization control between two-stage light gas gun and the transient Raman spectra acquisition,as well as the sample preparation,the Raman peak of the N-O mode of TATB was firstly observed under shock pressure up to 13.6 GPa,noticeably higher than the upper limit of 8.5 GPa reported in available *** taking into account of the continuous shift of the main peak and other observed Raman peaks,we did not distinguish any structural transition or any new ***,both the present Raman spectra and the time-resolved radiation of TATB during shock loading showed that TATB exhibits higher chemical stability than previous *** reveal the detailed structural response and evolution of TATB under compression,the density functional theoretical calculations were conducted,and it was found that the pressure make N-O bond lengths shorter,nitro bond angles larger,and intermolecular and intra-molecular hydrogen bond interactions *** observed red shift of Raman peak was ascribed to the abnormal enhancement of H-bound effect on the scissor vibration mode of the nitro group.

关键词： TATB Raman spectra Structural evolution Shock loading

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Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions,pollen-carrying structures,and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee-plant networks

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 971-988页

作者： Clément Tourbez Carmelo Gómez-Martínez MiguelÁngel Gonzalez-Estévez Amparo Lazaro Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(UIB-CSIC) Global Change Research GroupEsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain Department of Biology Ecology AreaUniversity of the Balearic/slandsPalmaSpain

Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in *** methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most *** the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains *** understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa ***)and *** then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant *** identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)***,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field *** interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not ***,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to *** study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.

关键词： palynology pollen-transport networks pollination role of bee sexes sampling methodology visitation networks

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Putting People Above All

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ChinAfrica 2024年第4期16卷 14-15页

作者： DU ZHANYUAN China International Communications group

With over 200 countries and regions,more than 2,500 ethnic groups,and various religions in existence today,different civilisations have evolved,based on diverse histories,national conditions and ***-to-people exchanges and interactions play a crucial role in promoting people-to-people ties and enhancing exchanges and mutual *** today’s world,as changes unseen in a century accelerate,exchanges and mutual learning between diverse cultures are more necessary and important than ever.

关键词： mutual accelerate exchanges

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Dynamic interactions of an integrated vehicle–electromagnetic energy harvester–tire system subject to uneven road excitations

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第2期33卷 440-456页

作者： Jing Tang Xing Zhe Sun Sulian Zhou Mingyi Tan Fluid Structure interactions group FEEUniversity of Southampton College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University

An investigation is undertaken of an integrated mechanical-electromagnetic coupling system consisting of a rigid vehicle with heave, roll, and pitch motions, four electromagnetic energy harvesters and four tires subject to uneven road excitations in order to improve the passengers' riding comfort and harvest the lost engine energy due to uneven roads. Following the derived mathematical formulations and the proposed solution approaches, the numerical simulations of this interaction system subject to a continuous sinusoidal road excitation and a single ramp impact are completed. The simulation results are presented as the dynamic response curves in the forms of the frequency spectrum and the time history, which reveals the complex interaction characteristics of the system for vibration reductions and energy harvesting performance. It has addressed the coupling effects on the dynamic characteristics of the integrated system caused by: (1) the natural modes and frequencies of the vehicle; (2) the vehicle rolling and pitching motions; (3) different road excitations on four wheels; (4) the time delay of a road ramp to impact both the front and rear wheels, etc., which cannot be tackled by an often used quarter vehicle model. The guidelines for engineering applications are given. The developed coupling model and the revealed concept provide a means with analysis idea to investigate the details of four energy harvester motions for electromagnetic suspension designs in order to replace the current passive vehicle isolators and to harvest the lost engine energy. Potential further research directions are suggested for readers to consider in the future.

关键词： Vibration-energy-harvesters Electromagnetic suspensions Mechanical electromagnetic interactions Vehicle dynamics Vibration isolations

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Experimental study on the dynamic response of a 3-D wedge under asymmetric impact

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 263-274页

作者： Saeed Hosseinzadeh Kristjan Tabri Maritime Engineering Research group School of EngineeringUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia Marine Technology Competence Center Tallinn University of TechnologyKuressaareEstonia

Water entry problems represent complex multiphase flows involving air,water,and structure interaction,occurring rapidly in rough seas,and potentially effecting structural integrity of floating *** paper experimentally investigates asymmetric slamming loads acting on a 3-D elastic wedge *** specimen,featuring two different bottom plates(stiffened and unstiffened),each 4 mm thick,aims to assess the effect of structural stiffness on dynamic *** experiments are conducted at different drop heights of 25 cm and 50 cm and varying heel angles from 5°to 25°.The paper describes the experimental conditions,including wedge geometry,material properties,and the test *** study explores the influence of heel angle on impact acceleration,revealing an increase in peak acceleration with a higher inclination angle,particularly in the vertical ***,the hydrodynamic pressure resulting from asymmetric slamming is *** pressure results analyzed and compared at different locations along the length of the *** experimental findings indicate that,despite the leeward side(stiffened)experiencing a smaller hydrodynamic load,the heel angle significantly affects pressure results on the windward side(unstiffened),leading to a more pronounced dynamic *** time history of pressure results emphasizes the effect of elastic vibrations,particularly noticeable on the unstiffened bottom *** study contributes to a deeper understanding of asymmetric slamming on aluminum structures,facilitating the enhancement of mathematical models and the validation of numerical simulations.

关键词： Flexible fluid structure interactions(FFSI) experimental study asymmetric impact hydrodynamic pressure slamming loads

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Quantitative analysis of the interaction of heterologous viruses with Plum pox virus in C5 HoneySweet transgenic plums

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2302-2310页

作者： Khushwant Singh Tereza Neubauerová Jiban Kumar Kundu Plant Virus and Vector interactions group Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute

Stone fruits are an important crop in most parts of the world and are heavily challenged by several viruses including Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). We validated the PPV resistance in C5 plum plants (commercially known as HoneySweet) grown in the Czech Republic for more than 16 years in a field trial experiment under natural environmental conditions. We quantified single (PPV-Rec) and mixed viruses (PPV-Rec+ACLSV, PPV-Rec+PDV and PPV-Rec+ACLSV+PDV) in C5 transgenic plums inoculated for the period 2016 to 2018. The accumulation of PPV-Rec was high (~5.43E+05 copies) compared with that of ACLSV (~8.70E+04 copies) in the inoculated graft of C5 transgenic plants. Leaves close to the inoculum sources showed a differential level of virus titre in single and mixed infections (~10 to ~5×10^2 copies). C5 plants with permanent virus pressure showed 103- to 105-fold fewer copies of viruses than those of the inoculated graft. We observed high accumulation of conserved miRNAs such as miR167, miR69 and miR396 in C5 plants co-infected with PPV, ACLSV and PDV that are associated with its resistance against viruses. Overall, i) C5 transgenic plums showed high resistance to PPV infection, and a low level (~32 copies) of PPV only accumulated in some grafted plants, ii) high accumulation of PPV was found in inoculated grafts in single PPV infection and mixed infections, iii) heterologous virus infection sustained by ACLSV or PDV did not suppress PPV resistance, and iv) high and low conserved microRNAs accumulated in C5 plants.

关键词： PPV PDV ACLSV C5 HoneySweet resistance

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