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Engineering Fronts 2023 announced engineering fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technology

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 4-7页

作者： Ruiqin LIU Liang YIN Lingxiao FU Editorial office of Frontiers in Energy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

1 Introduction An engineering front refers to important directions that have a significant impact on and lead the future innovation of engineering science and *** is characterized by its forward looking,leading,and exploratory *** 2017,the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)has annually organized a project known as“Global Engineering Fronts,”identifying and releasing engineering research fronts and engineering development fronts,tracking the trends in engineering science and technology,and actively guiding the academic development and promoting innovation in engineering science and technology.

关键词： technology. annually looking

The Trend of Smoking-Related Cognition and Its Association with Smoking Behaviors Among Junior High School Students—China,2013–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第22期6卷 503-508页

作者： Wenzhao Liu Xinying Zeng Qi Su Lin Xiao Shiwei Liu Tobacco Control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?In 2013,31.61%of students perceived quitting smoking as difficult,61.73%considered smoking less attractive,and 73.89%believed that secondhand smoke is definitely harmful to *** is added by this report?The percentage of students who perceived quitting smoking as difficult increased from 31.61%in 2013 to 38.83%in 2021,while the percentage of students who found smoking less attractive rose from 61.73%to 69.40%.Conversely,there was a decrease in the percentage of students who perceived secondhand smoke as harmful,from 73.89%to 68.46%.An increased awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke was associated with a reduction in smoking *** are the implications for public health practice?It is imperative to enhance health education efforts that aim to raise awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke.

关键词： smoke attractive Junior

Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang Alejandro Ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Abid Hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations office for project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

Does ash dieback affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L.?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 54-69页

作者： Anna‑Katharina Eisen Lisa Buchner Barbara Fussi Susanne Jochner‑Oette Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt85072 EichstättGermany Bavarian office for Forest Genetics(AWG) 83317 TeisendorfGermany

Forest tree species reproduction is a key factor in maintaining the genetic diversity of future generations and the stability of forest *** ongoing ash dieback disease could affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior *** have a major impact on the quantity and quality of pollen and *** this study,we investigated pollen production and viability of pollen and seeds of ash trees with different health status from 2018 to *** were collected from 105 trees(pollen production),pollen from 125 trees(pollen viability),and seeds from 53 trees(seed quality)in two seed orchards and in one floodplain forest in southern *** all parameters were examined at every site every *** average pollen production per tree was estimated at 471.2±647.9 billion pollen *** addition,we found that a high number of inflorescences did not equate to high pollen production per *** production of healthy and diseased trees did not differ significantly,although only 47%of severely diseased male trees(vs.72%for healthy trees)produced *** regards to pollen viability,the TTC test showed an average viability of 73%±17%.Overall,there was a slight tendency for diseased trees to have less viable ***,a significant difference could only be calculated for trees in the floodplain *** percentage of germinable seeds in 2018 was 38%in the floodplain forest and 57%in one of the seed *** percentage of viable seeds(TTC test)ranged from 17 to 22%in the orchards in ***-viable seeds were usually heavily infested by *** general,seed quality was not significantly different between healthy and diseased *** results indicate that ash dieback affects flower formation and pollen viability but not pollen production or seed ***,the fact that hardly any flowering was observed,especially for trees that were seriously affected,suggests a negative effect of ash dieback on reproductive per

关键词： Common ash Seed orchard Floodplain forest Pollen production Viability TTC test Seed stratification Phenology

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Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第3期9卷 14-28页

作者： Xiaoqiang Li Fen Cai Jintao Bao Yuqing Jian Zehui Sun Xin Xie The office of Science and Technology Development Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Center for Health Professions Education Development Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Graduate School of Education Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China The office of Scientific Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple *** integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various *** study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and *** identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this ***,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its *** rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational ***,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for ***,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

关键词： Interdisciplinary research Historical sociology Development phases Interdisciplinary challenges

Cancer statistics for young adults aged 20 to 49 years in China from 2000 to 2017:a population-based registry study

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 711-719页

作者： Yi Teng Changfa Xia He Li Maomao Cao Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Siyi He Mengdi Cao Shaoli Zhang Qianru Li Wanqing Chen office of Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple *** aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in *** from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report were used to estimate incidence and mortality among young adults(ages 20–49 years)in China in 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the average annual percent change(AAPC)in incidence and mortality from 2000 to *** 25 cancer types were grouped into obesity-or overweight-associated cancers(12 cancer types)and additional cancers(13 cancer types).In 2017,there were 681,178new cases and 214,591 cancer deaths among young adults in *** young adults,the most common cancers were thyroid,breast,cervical,liver,lung,and colorectal cancer,and the leading causes of cancer deaths were liver,lung,cervical,stomach,breast,and colorectal *** 2000 to 2017,the cancer incidence increased for all cancers combined among young adults,with the highest AAPC(1.46%)for adults aged 20–24 years,while cancer mortality decreased,with the highest AAPC(-1.63%)for those aged 35–39 *** conclusion,the cancer incidence in China has increased among young adults,while cancer mortality has decreased for nearly all *** control measures,such as obesity control and appropriate screening,may contribute to reducing the increasing cancer burden among young adults.

关键词： young adults incidence mortality trends China

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Cancer profiles in China and comparisons with the USA:a comprehensive analysis in the incidence,mortality,survival,staging,and attribution to risk factors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 122-131页

作者： Siyi He Changfa Xia He Li Maomao Cao Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Shaoli Zhang Yi Teng Qianru Li Wanqing Chen office of Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

China faces a disproportionate cancer burden to the population size and is undergoing a transition in the cancer *** extracted data in five aspects of cancer incidence,mortality,survival,staging distributions,and attribution to risk factors in China,the USA and worldwide from open-source *** conducted a comprehensive secondary analysis of cancer profiles in China in the above aspects,and compared cancer statistics between China and the USA.A total of 4,546,400 new cancer cases and 2,992,600 deaths occurred in China in 2020,accounting for 25.1%and 30.2%of global cases,***-related cancers including lung cancer,colorectal cancer,and breast cancer showed an upward trend and have been the leading cancer types in China.41.6%of new cancer cases and 49.3%of cancer deaths occurred in digestive-system cancers in China,and the cancers of esophagus,nasopharynx,liver,and stomach in China accounted for over 40%of global ***-related cancers showed the highest population-attributable fractions among Chinese adults,and most cancers could be attributed to behavioral and metabolic *** proportions of stage I for most cancer types were much higher in the USA than in China,except for esophageal cancer(78.2%vs.41.1%).The 5-year relative survival rates in China have improved substantially during 2000–2014,whereas survival for most cancer types in the USA was significantly higher than in China,except for upper gastrointestinal *** findings suggest that although substantial progress has been made in cancer control,especially in digestive system cancers in China,there was still a considerable disparity in cancer burden between China and the *** robust policies on risk factors and standardized screening practices are urgently warranted to curb the cancer growth and improve the prognosis for cancer patients.

关键词： cancer burden survival rate neoplasm staging risk factors China

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Scraping therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第4期44卷 633-641页

作者： CHEN Dandan JIN Qianhong SHEN Yuanjuan WANG Qing DAI Zhengxiang School of Nursing Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine School of Nursing Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine General Surgery Department Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Hospital Infection Control office Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of scraping therapy on knee osteoarthritis(KOA). METHODS: A computerized search was conducted in several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database,Wanfang, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database,from the establishment date of these databases to April 9,2023. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on scraping therapy for KOA were collected in accordance with the “Participants-Intervention-Control-Outcome-Study design”criteria. The methodological evaluation of the included studies was carried out using RoB 2.0, and Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan. The Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE System) was applied to grade the quality of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs with 997 subjects were included in the Meta-analysis. Results indicated that compared with the control group, the scraping therapy treatment group exhibited increased Lysholm scores [mean difference(MD) = 4.96, 95% confidence intervals(CI)(3.18, 6.74), P < 0.000 01] and Hospital for Special Surgery scores [MD = 8.35, 95% CI(3.92, 12.78), P = 0.0002] and decreased visual analog scale scores [MD =-2.11, 95% CI(-3.79,-0.44), P = 0.01] and Western Ontario and McM aster University Osteoarthritis Index scores [MD =-6.77, 95% CI(-8.99,-4.56), P < 0.000 01)]. The quality of evidence obtained in this Meta-analysis was low according to the GRADE system. CONCLUSION: The available evidence suggests that scraping therapy may have certain clinical efficacy in the treatment of KOA. However, further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings.

关键词： Meta-analysis osteoarthritis, knee scraping systematic review

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Analysis of Calcined Red Mud Properties and Related Mortar Performances

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 901-913页

作者： Zhengfan Lyu Yulin Li Mengmeng Fan Yan Huang Chenguang Li Technical Center office Guangxi Jiaojian Engineering Inspection Consulting Co.Ltd.Nanning530001China Technical Center office Guangxi Road Construction Engineering Group Co.Ltd.Nanning530001China Nanning Road Construction Technology and Road Construction Materials Engineering Technology Research Centre Guangxi Road Construction Engineering Group Co.Ltd.Nanning530001China

Red mud(RM)is a low-activity industrial solid waste,and its utilization as a resource is currently a hot *** this study,the micro characteristics of red mud at different calcination temperatures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron *** performance of calcined red mud was determined through mortar strength *** indicate that high-temperature calcination can change the mineral composition and microstructure of red mud,and increase the surface roughness and specific surface *** the optimal temperature of 700°C,the addition of calcined red mud still leads to a decrease in mortar strength,but its activity index and flexural coefficient increase by 16.2%and 11.9%with respect to uncalcined red mud,reaching values of 0.826 and 0.974,*** with the control group,the synergistic activation of calcined red mud with slag can increase the compressive and flexural strength of the mortar by 12.9%and 1.5%,reaching 8.7 and 62.4 MPa,***,the activity index and flexural coefficient of the calcined RM and GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag)mixtures also increase to 1.015 and 1.130,respectively.

关键词： Red mud slag thermal activation synergistic activation mortar test microscopic properties