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Evaluating Fertilization Effects on Soil Physical Properties Using a Soil Quality Index in an Intensive Rice-Wheat Cropping System

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Pedosphere 2016年第6期26卷 887-894页

作者： Bappa DAS Debashis CHAKRABORTY Vinod Kumar SINGH Mukhtar AHMED Amit Kumar SINGH Arijit BARMAN Division of Agricultural Physics Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012(India) project directorate for farming systems research ModipuramMeerut 250110(India) Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012(India)

Soil quality assessment has been suggested as an effective tool for evaluating sustainability of soil and crop management *** objective of this study was to develop a sensitive soil quality index(SQI) based on bulk density(BD),water-holding capacity(WHC),water-stable aggregates(WSA),aggregate mean weight diameter(AMWD),total organic C(TOC) and C input to evaluate the important rice-wheat cropping system on an Inceptisol in India.A long-term experiment has been conducted for 18 years at the Indian Council of Agricultural research-Indian Institute of farming systems research,Modipuram,*** treatments selected for this study were comprised of a no-fertilizer control and N,P and K fertilizers(NPK) combined with Zn and S fertilizers(NPK+ Zn+S),farmyard manure(NPK+FYM),green gram residues(NPK+GR) and cereal residues(NPK+CR),laid out in a randomized complete block design with three *** samples were collected and analyzed for BD,WHC,WSA and *** analysis revealed that both rice and wheat yields signi?cantly increased with the increases in AMWD,TOC and C input,but decreased with the increase in *** SQI values were then generated based on regression analysis of BD,WSA,AMWD,TOC and C input with rice and wheat yields for the 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil layers,*** analyses between crop yields and SQI values showed a quadratic type of relation with the coeffcient of determination(R^2) varying from 0.78 to *** regard to soil sustainability,applying crop residues to both rice and wheat could maintain soil quality for a longer period,whereas the highest yields of both the crops were recorded in the NPK+Zn+S *** regression equations developed in this study could be used to monitor soil quality in a subhumid tropical rice-wheat cropping system.

关键词： bulk density C input integrated nutrient management total organic C water-holding capacity water-stable aggregates

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Physiological Age Status of Female Adults and Off-Season Survival of Rice Leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in India

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Rice science 2015年第5期22卷 237-244页

作者： Padmavathi CHINTALAPATI Katti GURURAJ Sailaja VALLABUNI Prasad YENUMULAG directorate of Rice research Central research Institute for Dryland Agriculture

Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is one of the major foliage feeders found in the rice growing regions in India. When the crop was at maturity, numerous adults of rice leaffolder were found in the rice fields though the larval population gradually decreased, and no eggs were found on rice leaves. The population characteristics of C. medinalis were assessed based on the physiological age status of adults at different crop growth stages. Based on egg development within ovarioles, ovariole appearance number and colour of fat bodies, and characteristics of bursa copulatrix, physiological age status of the adults was described, which served as a basis for the determination of age composition. C. medinalis adults were found during the first week of August on rice plants, of which 44% were in Age 0 with immature ovaries, indicating immigrants. However, 28% adults each were at Ages 1-2 with developing ovaries, indicating local breeding population. The carryover and off-season survival of C. medinalis were also studied to determine the contribution of the alternative hosts in the population growth that helped in devising efficient management strategies. Rice was the most preferred host followed by Triticum aestivum, Echinochloa crusgulli and Brachiaria plantaginea. Various routes of the carryover of C. medinalis from season to season were discussed.

关键词： rice leaffolder physiological age carryover off-season survival alternative host ovariole weed

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Diagnostic assays developed for the control of foot-andmouth disease in India

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World Journal of Virology 2015年第3期4卷 295-302页

作者： Gaurav Kumar Sharma Sonalika Mahajan Rakesh Matura Saravanan Subramaniam Rajeev Ranjan Jitendra Biswal Manoranjan Rout Jajati Keshari Mohapatra Bana Bihari Dash Aniket Sanyal Bramhadev Pattnaik project directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of livestock, primarily affecting cattle, buffalo and pigs. FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia1 are prevalent in India and systematic efforts are on to control and eventually eradicate the disease from the country. FMD epidemiology is complex due to factors like co-circulation, extinction, emergence and re-emergence of genotypes/lineages within the three serotypes, animal movement, diverse farm practices and large number of susceptible livestock in the country. Systematic vaccination, prompt diagnosis, strict biosecurity measures, and regular monitoring of vaccinal immunity and surveillance of virus circulation are indispensible features for the effective implementation of the control measures. Availability of suitable companion diagnostic tests is very important in this endeavour. In this review, the diagnostic assays developed and validated in India and their contribution in FMD control programme is presented.

关键词： Foot-and-mouth disease Diagnosis Serosurveillance Sero-monitoring Multiplex polymerase chain reaction Real-time polymerase chain reaction Lineage differentiating polymerase chain reaction

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Changes in carbon stocks of soil and forest floor in black pine plantations in Turkey

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Journal of Forestry research 2021年第1期32卷 339-347页

作者： SükrüTeoman Güner Dilek Güner General directorate of Forestry Research Institute for Forest Soil and Ecology26160 EskisehirTurkey

The objectives of this study were:(1)to determine carbon stock changes in the soil and forest floor of black pine(Pinus nigra ***)plantations in Turkey;(2)to determine the effects of thinning on annual carbon accumulation in both;and,(3)to investigate relationships between annual carbon storage in soil and forest floor and stand characteristics of black *** were taken in 90 plots from stands at the pole(dbh=11.0–19.9 cm)and sawlog(dbh=20.0–35.9 cm)*** analyses of soil and forest floor samples showed that in unthinned plantations signifi cant organic carbon was sequestered an average of 1.47 Mg ha^−1 a^−1 in the soil and 0.20 Mg ha^−1 a^−1 in the forest *** carbon sequestered annually in the soil was signifi cantly lower in thinned than in unthinned stands,while diff erences in the forest floor were insignifi *** were positive correlations between carbon sequestered in the soil and stand age,average DBH,mean stand height,basal area,and site *** sequestered the forest floor increased with basal *** a result,carbon sequestered in the soil should not be ignored in greenhouse gas inventories because carbon stored belowground was approximately 70%of the aboveground pool.

关键词： Pinus nigra Belowground Forest floor Carbon sequestration Thinning

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Petrogenesis of the ükapili Granitoid and its Mafic Enclaves in Elmal Area (Nigde, Central Anatolia, Turkey)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第3期87卷 738-748页

作者： Hüseyin KURT Kerim KOAK Kürsad ASAN Mustafa KARAKAS Department of Geological Engineering Seluk University Central Anatolia directorate of Mineral research and Exploration

The Late Cretaceous Uckapth Granitoid including mafic microgranular enclaves intruded into metapelitic and metabasic rocks, and overlain unconformably by Neogene ignimbrites in the Ni^de area of Turkey. It is mostly granite and minor granodiorite in composition, whereas its enclaves are dominantly gabbro with a few diorites in composition. The Uckapdl Granitoid is composed mainly of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite and minor amphibole while its enclaves contain mostly plagioclase, amphibole, minor pyroxene and biotite. The Uckapth Granitoid has calcalkaline and peraluminous （AJCNK= 1.0-1.3） geochemical characteristics. It is characterized by high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios （（La/Lu）N 3-33）, and has negative Ba, Ta, Nb and Eu anomalies, resembling those of comsion granitoids. The {）fkaplh Granitoid has relatively high STSr/S6Sr0） ratios （0.711189--0.716061） and low eNd（t） values （-5.13 to -7.13）, confirming crustal melting. In contrast, the enclaves are tholeiitic and metaluminous, and slightly enriched in LILEs （K, Rb） and Th, and have negative Ta, Nb and Ti anomalies; propose that they were derived from a subduction-modified mantle source. Based on mineral and whole rock chemistry data, the Uckapth granitoid is H-（hybrid） type, post-collision granitoid developed by mixing/mingllng processes between crustal melts and mantle-derived mafic magmas.

关键词： H-type granitoid mafic enclave geochemistry Central Anatolia Turkey

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A Late Cretaceous ensimatic arc developed during closure of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys(central-northern Turkey)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1015-1028页

作者： Metin Beyazpirin? Ali Ekber Ak?ay Ali Yilmaz Meftun Kerem S?nmez Geological research Department General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Department of Environmental Engineering Engineering Faculty Cumhuriyet University

Studies on differentiation of ensimatic arc units from melange units in the Northern Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt(NAOB) are very rare. The study area represents the southern edge of the central part of the *** aim of the study is to distinguish the main units of NAOB and to define the geotectonic setting of the Darmik Ensimatic Arc Association(DEAA). To study the ensimatic arc units as an independent tectonic unit is important and facilitates understanding of the geological evolution of the NAOB. During field studies, the contact relationships within the Darmik Ensimatic Arc Association(DEAA) units and also with other tectonic units were reviewed. Then, paleontological, geochronological, petrological and also geochemical properties of the DEAA have been defined. In the present study, ensimatic arc units have been distinguished from ophiolitic association for the first time, in the region. As a result of the study, the DEAA is divided into two levels and lower level named as the Kartal unit and upper level named as the izibüyük unit. In the Kartal unit, basaltic and andesitic lavas with their equivalent pyroclastic rock units are dominant. Radiolarite and mudstones interbedded within the Kartal unit of DEAA have Turonian and Santonian age. In addition, the age of basalt samples of DEAA are 98.7 ± 2.4 Ma, defined using the^(40)Ar/39 Ar method. The izibüyük unit of DEAA comprises conglomerate, sandstone, claystone, mudstone,clayey limestone, micritic limestone with volcanic interbeds and also calciturbidites. Santonian-Maastrichtian ages were obtained from this unit of the DEAA. In conclusion, the age of DEAA is widely accepted as Late Cretaceous. After the evaluation of the analysis, the volcanics of the DEAA originated from calcalkaline-basalts, which reflect ensimatic arc magmatism.

关键词： North Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt Double subduction zones Darmik ensimatic arc Turkey

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Prediction and Expression Analysis of miRNAs Associated with Heat Stress in Oryza sativa

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Rice science 2014年第1期21卷 3-12页

作者： B.SAILAJA S.R.VOLETI D.SUBRAHMANYAM N.SARLA V.VISHNU PRASANTH V.P.BHADANA S.K.MANGRAUTHIA Biotechnology Section Directorate of Rice Research Rajendranagar

Computational prediction of potential microRNAs （miRNAs） and their target genes was performed to identify the miRNAs and genes associated with temperature response in rice. The data of temperature-responsive miRNAs of Arabidopsis, and miRNAs and the whole genome data of rice were used to predict potential miRNAs in Oryza sativa involved in temperature response. A total of 55 miRNAs were common in both the species, and 27 miRNAs were predicted at the first time in rice. Target genes were searched for these 27 miRNAs in rice genome following stringent criteria. Real time PCR based on expression analysis of nine miRNAs showed that majority of the miRNAs were down regulated under heat stress for rice cultivar Nagina 22. Furthermore, miR169, miR1884 and miR160 showed differential expression in root and shoot tissues of rice. Identification and expression studies of miRNAs during heat stress will advance the understanding of gene regulation under stress in rice.

关键词： miRNA Oryza sativa Arabidopsis target mRNA regulation

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Efficient Microorganism Compost Benefits Plant Growth and Improves Soil Health in Calendula and Marigold

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第2期3卷 67-72页

作者： Anamika Sharma Tarak Nath Saha Anju Arora Raghubir Shah Lata Nain Division of Microbiology Indian Agricultural Research Institute directorate of Floriculture research Shivaji Nagar

Organic farming needs to be promoted as a means of sustaining soil health and reducing the cost of farming, especially for small *** present study deals with the effect of organic compost, prepared using Efficient Microorganism(EM) consortium and applied along with full or half of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, on the growth of Calendula and Marigold plants, soil physico-chemical parameters and soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities were improved with the increase in the rate of EM compost application in both Calendula and Marigold. Carotenoid pigment increased by 46.11% and 12.19% with application of EM compost over the control in Calendula and Marigold flowers respectively. Soil humus, available nitrogen and organic carbon content also increased due to the supplementation of EM compost resulting in better soil fertility. For Calendula, treatment T5(Half dose NPK + EM compost 20 000 kg·hm^(-2)) was found to be the most promising in terms of acid phosphatase(82.63 μg p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate·g^(-1)·h^(-1)), dehydrogenase(10.46 μg Triphenyl Formazan·g^(-1)·d^(-1)) and β-glucosidase(0.30 IU·g^(-1)) activities. In Marigold, treatment C(Half dose NPK + EM compost 5 000 kg·hm^(-2)) was the most promising in terms of amendment in soil enzyme activities.

关键词： calendula marigold EM compost soil fertility plant growth soil enzyme activity soil physico-chemical parameter

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Effect of Source-Sink Manipulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaf and the Remobilization of Dry Mass and Nitrogen in Vegetative Organs of Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1680-1690页

作者： ZHANG Ying-hua SUN Na-na HONG Jia-pei ZHANG Qi WANG Chao XUE Qing-wu ZHOU Shun-li HUANG Qin WANG Zhi-min Key Laboratory of farming System Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Texas AgriLife research Amarillo TX 79106 USA

The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation（DF）, spike shading（SS） and half spikelets removal（SR） were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate（Pn） of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.

关键词： genotypic variation remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass and nitrogen source-sink treatment wheat

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Parametric Study of Calibration Blackbody Uncertainty Using Design of Experiments

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2012年第3期2卷 109-119页

作者： Nipa Phojanamongkolkij Joe A. Walker Richard P. Cageao Martin G. Mlynczak Joseph J. O’Connell Rosemary R. Baize Aeronautics System Engineering Engineering Directorate NASA Langley Research Center Hampton USA Clarreo project Office Flight Projects Directorate NASA Langley Research Center Hampton USA. Climate Science Branch Science Directorate NASA Langley Research Center Hampton USA Remote Sensing Flight systems Engineering Directorate NASA Langley Research Center Hampton USA Science systems and Applications Inc. Hampton USA

NASA is developing the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission to provide accurate measurements to substantially improve understanding of climate change. CLARREO will include a Reflected Solar (RS) Suite, an Infrared (IR) Suite, and a Global Navigation Satellite System-Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO). The IR Suite consists of a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) covering 5 to 50 micrometers (2000-200 cm-1 wavenumbers) and on-orbit calibration and verification systems. The IR instrument will use a cavity blackbody view and a deep space view for on-orbit calibration. The calibration blackbody and the verification system blackbody will both have Phase Change Cells (PCCs) to accurately provide a SI reference to absolute temperature. One of the most critical parts of obtaining accurate CLARREO IR scene measurements relies on knowing the spectral radiance output from the blackbody calibration source. The blackbody spectral radiance must be known with a low uncertainty, and the magnitude of the uncertainty itself must be reliably quantified. This study focuses on determining which parameters in the spectral radiance equation of the calibration blackbody are critical to the blackbody accuracy. Fourteen parameters are identified and explored. Design of Experiments (DOE) is applied to systematically set up an experiment (i.e., parameter settings and number of runs) to explore the effects of these 14 parameters. The experiment is done by computer simulation to estimate uncertainty of the calibration blackbody spectral radiance. Within the explored ranges, only 4 out of 14 parameters were discovered to be critical to the total uncertainty in blackbody radiance, and should be designed, manufactured, and/or controlled carefully. The uncertainties obtained by computer simulation are also compared to those obtained using the “Law of Propagation of Uncertainty”. The two methods produce statistically different uncertainties. Nevertheless, the difference

关键词： Calibration Uncertainty Design of Experiments

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