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Evaluating the Impact of the Universal Test and Treat Strategy on the Survival of Patients in the Northwest Region of Cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第3期14卷 45-60页

作者： Emmanuel Mboh Nshom Bereynuy Jude Cholong Kum Kang Walter Khan Eveline Mboh Keng Vitalis Noela F. Ijang Gwendoline Nkenu Nsom Mirabel Mbueh Vifeme Esther Bonje Kuni Monju Johnson Vishi Gladys Enih Fosah Pius Muffih Tih AIDS Care and Prevention program Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services Bamenda Cameroon Regional Technical Group for the Fight against hiv and AID Northwest Region Cameroon

Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This study aims to assess the survival of antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients initiated under UTT in Northwest region of Cameroon. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included hiv-positive patients initiated in 2016 at 27 purposefully selected sites and followed until 2021. Data was anonymously abstracted from ART registers and patients’ charts. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox model were used to compare the survival of patients initiated under UTT with those initiated otherwise, using stata version 14.0. Results: In total, 2490 hiv-positive patients (median age 42.7 years, 94.7% adults, and 69.0% female) participated in the study. Of 1389 patients with viral load (VL) test results, 55% were initiated on ART late. The VL suppression rate of patients initiated late and those initiated early were similar. During follow-up, 1020 (40.9%) participants censored. The survival curves of patients initiated early on ART and those initiated late were similar during the first 2.5 years of follow-up but significantly (p Conclusions: This study confirms the expected impact of UTT. programs only need to close existing implementation gaps along the critical pathways (diagnosis and treatment) of UTT, focusing more on males.

关键词： Universal Test and Treat Viral Load Survival Northwest Cameroon

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Development of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for the sensitive detection of total and integrated hiv-1 DNA

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 729-736页

作者： Lin Yuan Zhiying Liu Xin Zhang Feili Wei Shan Guo Na Guo Lifeng Liu Zhenglai Ma Yunxia Ji Rui Wang Xiaofan Lu Zhen Li Wei Xia Hao Wu Tong Zhang Bin Su Beijing Key Laboratory for hiv/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Beijing Institute of Hepatology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Background:Total human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)DNA and integrated hiv DNA are widely used markers of hiv *** digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)can be used for absolute quantification without needing a standard ***,we developed duplex ddPCR assays to detect and quantify total hiv DNA and integrated hiv ***:The limit of detection,dynamic ranges,sensitivity,and reproducibility were evaluated by plasmid constructs containing both the hiv long terminal repeat(LTR)and human CD3 gene(for total hiv DNA)and ACH-2 cells(for integrated hiv DNA).Forty-two cases on stable suppressive antiretroviral therapy(ART)were assayed in total hiv DNA and integrated hiv *** coefficient analysis was performed on the data related to DNA copies and cluster of differentiation 4 positive(CD4^(+))T-cell counts,CD8^(+)T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio,*** assay linear dynamic range and lower limit of detection(LLOD)were also ***:The assay could detect the presence of hiv-1 copies 100%at concentrations of 6.3 copies/reaction,and the estimated LLOD of the ddPCR assay was 4.4 hiv DNA copies/reaction(95%confidence intervals[CI]:3.6-6.5 copies/reaction)with linearity over a 5-log_(10)-unit range in total hiv DNA *** the integrated hiv DNA assay,the LLOD was 8.0 copies/reaction(95%CI:5.8-16.6 copies/reaction)with linearity over a 3-log 10-unit *** hiv DNA in CD4^(+)T cells was positively associated with integrated hiv DNA(r=0.76,Phiv DNA and integrated hiv DNA in CD4^(+)T cells were inversely correlated with the ratio of CD4/CD8 but positively correlated with the CD8^(+)T-cell ***:This ddPCR assay can quantify total hiv DNA and integrated hiv DNA efficiently with robustness and *** can be readily adapted for measuring hiv DNA with non-B clades,and it could be beneficial for testing in clinical trials.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus hiv Integrated hiv-1 DNA Total hiv DNA Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction hiv reservoir Antiretroviral therapy

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Long noncoding nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1_2 is a promising biomarker for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第2期8卷 101-107页

作者： Shipeng Li Xia Wang Xiaozhen Zhao Jianghong Deng Weiying Kuang Junmei Zhang Xiaohua Tan Chao Li Caifeng Li Department of Rheumatology Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Center for Infectious Diseases Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS ResearchBeijingChina

Importance:Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a diffuse connective tissue disease with complex clinical manifestations and prolonged *** early diagnosis and condition monitoring of SLE are crucial to disease ***:To assess the diagnostic value of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1(NEAT1)in childhood-onset SLE(cSLE).Methods:Fifty-seven children diagnosed with SLE,40 children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA),and 40 healthy children were *** blood samples from each patient were collected.A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the expression of lncNEAT1_1 and lncNEAT1_2 in peripheral *** among parameters were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test or independent sample ***:The expression of both lncNEAT1_1 and lncNEAT1_2 in patients with cSLE were significantly higher than that of healthy control and patients with *** operating characteristic curves revealed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.633(95%confidence interval[CI],0.524-0.742;P=0.024)for lncNEAT1_*** AUC of lncNEAT1_2 was 0.812(95%CI,0.727-0.897;P<0.0001)to discriminate individuals with cSLE from health control and children with JIA with a sensitivity of 0.622 and a specificity of ***,lncNEAT1_2 expression was higher in patients with cSLE presenting with fever,lupus nephritis,elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate,active disease activity,and decreased C3 level,compared with those without these ***,no similar correlation was observed for lncNEAT1_***:The expression of lncNEAT1_2 was significantly elevated in children with SLE,especially those with fever,renal involvement,and low C3 *** findings suggest that lncNEAT1_2 may represent a potential biomarker for cSLE.

关键词： Biomarker Children LncRNA SLE NEAT1

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CircEPSTI1 in peripheral blood as a novel potential biomarker for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2024年第1期4卷 20-26页

作者： Xia Wang Shipeng Li Jianghong Deng Weiying Kuang Junmei Zhang Xiaohua Tan Chao Li Caifeng Li Beijing Key Laboratory for hiv/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing You'an HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rheumatology Beijing Children's HospitalNational Center for Children's HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background:Circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases and can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis or disease monitoring. However, reports on circRNA in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate circEPSTI1 expression in cSLE and evaluate its potential as a biomarker for diagnosing ***:This study included 70 children diagnosed with cSLE, 20 diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 20 diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and 50 healthy children at the Rheumatology Department of Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine circEPSTI1 expression in the children. Correlations between circEPSTI1 and clinical features were assessed using Spearman's correlation test. Additionally, we calculated the receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the diagnostic ***:We found that circEPSTI1 expression was higher in children with cSLE (4.62 ± 3.55) than that in healthy children (1.00 ± 0.45), those with JDM (1.06 ± 0.76), and those with JIA (0.96 ± 0.48). The area of the curve of circEPSTI1 was 0.892 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.832-0.952, p < 0.001) to discriminate children with SLE from healthy children, with a specificity of 0.814 and a sensitivity of 0.922. Children with lupus nephritis showed a higher circEPSTI1 expression than healthy children, those with JDM, and those with JIA. In addition, circEPSTI1 expression in children with SLE showed significant correlations with the SLE Disease Activity Index ( p < 0.0001) and C3 concentrations ( p = 0.001). Conclusion:Our study suggests that circEPSTI1 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of cSLE.

关键词： biomarker circRNA systemic lupus erythematosus

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Efficient hiv-1 in vitro reverse transcription: optimal capsid stability is required

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 195-196页

作者： Ryan C.Burdick Vinay K.Pathak Viral Mutation Section HIV Dynamics and Replication ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMD 21702USA

Recently,Christensen et *** hiv-1 reverse transcription and integration in a cell-free system and found that viral double-stranded DNA that is capable of integration into a target plasmid DNA was efficiently synthesized within viral cores,indicating that the capsid protein shell plays an important role in viral genome replication.1 hiv-1 reverse transcriptase(RT)copies the viral genomic RNA into a double-stranded DNA,and hiv-1 integrase(IN)inserts the viral DNA into the host genome to form a *** RT and IN have been successfully targeted with potent antiretroviral drugs to inhibit these enzymes and treat patients infected with hiv-1,the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).Despite decades of research,the molecular mechanisms of reverse transcription and integration in vivo are not fully characterized,in part because cell-free assays that efficiently and faithfully recapitulate the processes in the context of a virion have not been available。

关键词： al. drugs optimal

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Promoting physical activity in a public health context

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 1-2页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Caroline A.Macera School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University U.S.Department of Defense hiv/AIDS Prevention program

In this special issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science entitled Physical Activity and Public Health,5 papers,1 commentary,and 1 research highlight discuss efforts using public health approaches to increase physical activity(PA)in global *** efforts are warranted based on the prevalence of adults(23%)worldwide who are insufficiently active at levels recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).

关键词：公共健康物理上下文

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Improving Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Related Cancer Outcomes through International Collaboration

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第5期17卷 326-328页

作者： Mostafa Nokta AIDS Cancer Clinical program Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy31 Center DriveRoom3A33BethesodaMD 20892USA

The spectrum of cancers seen in human immunodeficiency virus （hiv）- infected individuals is diverse and complex, and reflects an ever-changing hiv epidemic. In parts of the world where combination antiretroviral therapy （cART） is available, hiv-infected patients are living longer and are less likely to die of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS）- defining malignancies within a year or two of developing AIDS. Despite the fact that the incidence of certain AIDS-defining malignancies has decreased in the United States （U.S.）,

关键词： AIDS hiv AMC

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Identifying Treatment and Healthcare Seeking Behavior as a Means of Early hiv/AIDS Intervention in Africa

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 165-173页

作者： Henry Fomundam Abraham Tesfay Andrew Maranga Lucia Chanetsa Vieira Muzoola Frederick Oyaro Howard University hiv and AIDS Pharmaceutical Care program Dar es Salaam Tanzania Howard University hiv and AIDS Pharmaceutical Care program Kigali Rwanda Howard University hiv and AIDS Pharmaceutical Care program Regional Office Pretoria South Africa oward University hiv and AIDS Pharmaceutical Care program East Africa-Nairobi Kenya Office Nairobi Kenya

Background: Late diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (hiv) infection and delayed commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa is known to contribute to high morbidity and mortality. It is therefore, prudent to develop innovative approaches to ensure early hiv diagnosis because patients with low immunity will usually develop opportunistic infections and seek some remedial action. A treatment and health care seeking behavior survey was carried out in semi-urban communities in Malaba and Busia in Kenya and Uganda to evaluate the treatment and healthcare seeking behavior among patients visiting randomly selected drugstores. Methodology: Random sampling was applied and questionnaires were used to collect information from 165 interviewees who visited drugstores seeking health information, treatment and other health related services. Results: The results indicated that among this group of people, 67% visited drugstores before any other health facility. 72.2% sought treatment for various illnesses and services ranging from headaches, body fever, gastro-intestinal disturbances, family planning pills, sexually transmitted infections and chronic medications. Among the patients interviewed, there were a number of factors that affected treatment choice. These included the distance to the facility as well as the absence of a consultation fee or fee for service. Conclusion: With proper support, drugstores can play a major role in the implementation of health interventions that seek to promote early diagnosis and treatment as well as play a pivotal role in educating the population on disease prevention and management. In Sub-Saharan Africa, drugstores can play a major role in hiv and AIDS interventions where most patients seek medical intervention for opportunistic infection.

关键词： Treatment and Health Seeking Behavior Drug Stores

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Factors Associated with Mental Depression among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Southern India

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Health 2015年第9期7卷 1114-1123页

作者： Sangram Kishor Patel Parimi Prabhakar Niranjan Saggurti hiv and AIDS program Population Council New Delhi India Regional Office India HIV/AIDS Alliance Hyderabad India

Background: Mental health has been a largely neglected issue among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) across the world. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of depression among MSM. Data and Methods: Data for this study are used from a cross-sectional Behavioral Tracking Survey—2012 conducted among 1176 MSM from Andhra Pradesh (undivided), a southern state of India. Depression of MSM was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-2 scale. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used for analysis. Results: More than one-third of MSMs (35%) in the survey reported to have depression. The likelihood of experiencing depression was 5 times higher among MSM who were mobile for sex work outside their place of residence (55% vs 17%, AOR: 5.2, 95% CI: 3.7 - 7.3) and had experienced physical or sexual violence (82% vs 33%, AOR: 6.0, 95% CI: 2.1 - 17.4) than their respective counterparts. Rates of depression were significantly higher among MSM who had experienced Sexually Transmitted Infections symptoms;knowledge of their hiv positivity;who didn’t use condoms during anal sex with any clients/partners;those who consumed alcohol and were in financial debt at the time of survey than others. Those who were associated with any community groups have significantly less chances of reporting depression. Discussion: The study certainly highlighted that the hiv prevention efforts with MSM in India require an integrated approach on addressing the mental health issues. To support this, programs and research-based evidence will be highly needed to ensure that mental health issues are properly addressed among MSM and other high risk groups.

关键词： Mental Health Depression PHQ-2 Scale MSM High Risk Population South India

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Multiple Roles of hiv-1 Capsid during the Virus Replication Cycle

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第2期34卷 119-134页

作者： Mariia Novikova Yulan Zhang Eric O. Freed Ke Peng Virus-Cell Interaction Section HIV Dynamics and Replication Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 capsid(hiv-1 CA) is involved in different stages of the viral replication cycle. During virion assembly, CA drives the formation of the hexameric lattice in immature viral particles, while in mature virions CA monomers assemble in cone-shaped cores surrounding the viral RNA genome and associated proteins. In addition to its functions in late stages of the viral replication cycle, CA plays key roles in a number of processes during early phases of hiv-1 infection including trafficking, uncoating, recognition by host cellular proteins and nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex. As a result of efficient cooperation of CA with other viral and cellular proteins, integration of the viral genetic material into the host genome, which is an essential step for productive viral infection, successfully occurs. In this review, we will summarize available data on CA functions in hiv-1 replication, describing in detail its roles in late and early phases of the viral replication cycle.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) Capsid (CA) Assembly Post entry Uncoating and nuclear import Inhibitor

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