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China＇s Current income Distribution Status and Countermeasures Analysis

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China Economist 2011年第1期6卷 68-75页

作者：魏众 professor and director of the research department under the institute of economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences （CASS）

From two perspectives, - the proportion of residential income and the equality of residential income distribution - this paper identifies a widening gap in China＇s income distribution and considers that this is a result of different factors such as technological progress, increasing return on assets, the economic growth priority strategy of local governments, the increasing number of migrant workers who are in a weak position to negotiate wages, as well as the rapid process of industrialization. Based on the above analysis, this paper presents policy recommendations on how to improve the income distribution system.

关键词： income distribution income gap residential income Gini coefficient

Projected impacts of climate change and anthropogenic effects on habitat distribution of endangered Javan Hawk-Eagle in Indonesia

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 241-250页

作者： Syartinilia Aryo Adhi Condro Satoshi Tsuyuki department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of AgricultureIPB University(Bogor Agricultural University)Bogor 16680Indonesia International research institute for Environment and Climate Change-IPB University Collaborative Research CentreBogor 16128Indonesia Rainforest Alliance DenpasarBali 80227Indonesia Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8657Japan

Changing climate will jeopardize biodiversity,particularly the geographic distribution of endemic *** such species is the Javan Hawk-Eagle(JHE,Nisaetus bartelsi),a charismatic raptor found only on Java Island,***,it is crucial to develop an appropriate conservation strategy to preserve the *** niche modeling is considered a valuable tool for designing conservation plans for the *** provide an ecological niche modeling approach and transfer its model to future climate scenarios for the *** utilize various machine learning algorithms under sustainability and business-as-usual(BAU)scenarios for ***,we investigate the conservation vulnerability of the JHE,capturing multifaceted pressures on the species from climate dissimilarities and human disturbance *** study reveals that the ensemble model performs exceptionally well,with temperature emerging as the most critical factor affecting the JHE *** finding indicates that climate change will have a significant impact on the JHE *** results suggest that the JHE distribution will likely decrease by 28.41%and 40.16%from the current JHE distribution under sustainability and BAU scenarios,***,our study reveals high-potential refugia for future JHE,covering 7,596 km^(2)(61%)under the sustainability scenario and only 4,403 km^(2)(35%)under the BAU ***,effective management and planning,including habitat restoration,refugia preservation,habitat connectivity,and local community inclusivity,should be well-managed to achieve JHE conservation targets.

关键词： Climate change Ecological niche Ensemble model Refugia Javan Hawk-Eagle

Changing Engines of Growth in China:From Exports,FDI and Marketization to Innovation and Exports

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China & World Economy 2008年第2期16卷 31-49页

作者： Furong Jin Keun Lee Yee-Kyoung Kim Doctoral Candidate Economics DepartmentSeoul National University professor of economics Director of the Institute for China StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea

This paper investigates the changing sources of growth in post-reform China. Using crossprovince regressions, this paper finds that, in earlier periods, exports, foreign direct investment and marketization were significantly related to per capita income growth, whereas＇ since the late 1990s, foreign direct investment and marketization have lost their significance and have been replaced by new sources of growth, such as innovation and knowledge, with only exports continuing to be important. This finding is robust after controlling for other variables representing other economic policies and provincial characteristics. We also tackle the possible endogeneity of innovation variables using the instrumental variables estimation method.

关键词： China economic growth innovation foreign direct investment exports marketization

Factors Affecting the Outlook for Medium-term to Long-term Growth in China

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China & World Economy 2016年第5期24卷 20-41页

作者： Justin Yifu Lin Guanghua Wan Peter J. Morgan director Center for New Structural Economics National School of Development PekingUniversity China director Research Department Asian Development Bank Institute Japan Senior Consultant for research Research Department Asian Development Bank Institute Japan

China achieved average GDP growth of nearly 10 percent over the period 1978-2015. However, how long can such high levels of growth be sustained, especially when per capita GDP levels have reached middle-income status, and the normal tendency of economies is to slow down as they mature？ This paper reviews the recent literature on the determinants and outlook for real GDP growth in China and addresses some of the key issues, including identifying supply-side factors that can support continued strong growth under favorable conditions, as well as risk factors that might cause growth to fall short. The paper reviews supply-side determinants of growth using a growth accounting framework, and also assesses major demand-side factors driving potential growth, including exports, capital formation and household consumption.

关键词： China demand-side factors long-term growth supply-side factors total factor productivity

China's Trade Acceleration and the Deepening of an East Asian Regional Production Network

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China & World Economy 2008年第1期16卷 66-81页

作者： Sarah Y.Tong Assistant professor Department of Economics research Fellow East Asian InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore

China＇s recent surge in trade has been associated with its deepening but contrasting trade relations with its two groups of key trading partners. On the one hand, China＇ s trade surpluses with the USA and the EU have risen rapidly, reaching US$144bn and US$91bn in 2006, respectively. On the other hand, China is importing heavily from its Asian neighbors. This diverging pattern of trade relations between China and its main trading partners reflects the continuous expansion and intensification of a complex cross-border production network in Asia, particularly for consumer electronics. In the process of deepening manufacturing sharing, China serves as an essential export platform for firms headquartered in the more advanced economies. These firms export intermediate goods from the relatively more advanced Asian economies to their affiliates in China where these inputs are assembled and then shipped to key export markets, including primarily the USA and the EU. One apparent outcome of the growing processing and assembly trade is the increased interdependency among Asian economies, which are now more dependent on each other than ever. It has also led to substantial structural changes and technological upgrading in China＇ s traded goods.

关键词： trade trade relations trade imbalances

Are China＇s Exports Crowding Out or Being Crowded Out？ Evidence from Japan＇s Imports

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China & World Economy 2018年第4期26卷 1-23页

作者： Yan Liu Xunpeng Shi James Laurenceson, Associate professor Department of International Economics and Trade Dalian Minzu UniversityChina Principal research Fellow Australian China Relations Institute University of Technology Sydney Australia professor and Deputy director Australia-China Relations Institute University of Technology Sydney Australia

Previous studies have investigated whether Chinese exports have crowaea oul mose from other countries. However, what has yet to be considered is the evidence based on different quality varieties. Using the most detailed Harmonized System 9-digit product- level data, the present paper provides evidence of crowding-out and crowded-out effects across different product quality segments and across manufacturing sectors by quality segments. The empirical evidence presented in this paper shows that the crowding-out effects of Chinese exports have been greatest at the lower end of the quality spectrum but less significant at the higher quality spectrum. Moreover, since 2007, China＇s own exports of lower quality manufactured goods have been increasingly crowded out. The key policy implication is that China＇s export path is in line with that taken by other Asian economies in previous decades; the crowded-out effect could achieve win-win outcomes for countries involved; and lower income countries would do well to be open to receive those relocated low value-added industries from China. However, the relocation policy in China is best implemented gradually as climbing up the product quality ladder takes time.

关键词： constant market share analysis (CMS) crowded out crowding out industrial relocation

Twin lintel belt in steel for seismic strengthening of brick masonry buildings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2004年第2期3卷 215-222页

作者： C.V.R.Murty Jayanta Dutta S.K.Agrawal department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India professor department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India Formerly Graduate student Structural Engineering research Division Central Building Research InstituteRoorkee 247667India Senior Assistant Director

A single-room,single-storey full-scale brick masonry building with precast RC roofing system was tested thrice under displacement controlled lateral cyclic loading,to assess the effectiveness of the basic repair and seismic strengthening ***,the virgin building specimen was loaded laterally to f^*** the second stage,the damaged building was repaired by stitching across the cracks,and tested under the same lateral *** the third stage,the twice-damaged structure was repaired once more by stitching and strengthened by twin lintel belt in steel and vertical comer reinforcement, and *** building strengthened by twin lintel belt in steel showed about 28% higher strength under lateral loading than the virgin building.

关键词： brick masonry building seismic strengthening twin lintel belt quasi-static lateral cyclic loading

Despite shared rapid economic growth,BRICs have different development modes

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China Economist 2010年第1期5卷 45-55页

作者：陈佳贵张晓晶 director of economics Division Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS) professor and director of Macroeconomics department Institute of EconomicsCASS

Amid the current international financial crisis,the likes of which likely will never be met in a hundred years,BRICs outperformed developed economies and became an indispensable force in promoting global economic *** paper made a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics,potential and weaknesses of the BRIC countries from the four perspectives of growth momentum,industrialization and urbanization,relationship between government and the market in economic development,and challenges in future *** the end,the article pointed out that whether the BRICs can exert greater impact in global development depends on their sustainable development.

关键词： BRICs development mode sustainable growth

What Caused the Sharp Downturn in the Chinese Economy during the Global Financial Crisis? A Critical Note on Causality in Trade Linkage

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China & World Economy 2010年第4期18卷 52-69页

作者： Liping He Gang Fan Panpan Yang professor Department of Finance School of Economics and Business Administration Beijing Normal University Beijing China director National Economic Research Institute China Reform Foundation Beijing China PhD Student School of Economics and Business Administration Beijing Normal University Beijing China

In responding to a view that attributes sharp downturns in the Chinese economy in late 2008 and early 2009 to the ＂collapse of external demand,＂ the present paper scrutinizes three relevant issues： How have large Chinese importers behaved in a demand-price setting？ How have Chinese commodity imports and exports interacted in recent years？ Did the downturns in China＇s export growth come earlier and were they deeper than those in Chinese import growth？ All answers appear to suggest a conclusion contrary to the abovementioned view： sharp downturns in China＇s trade and economy during the reeent global financial crisis were, to a large extent, caused by certain domestic factors, or by factors that should not be regarded as entirely ＂external. ＂ Insomuch as globalization has advanced, a large economy like China＇s today faces new potential sources of macroeeonomic disturbances, from inside and outside.

关键词： global financial crisis macroeconomic fluctuation trade linkage