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Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from five contrasting rice production systems in the tropics

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Pedosphere 2023年第6期33卷 960-971页

作者： Pradeep K.DASH Pratap BHATTACHARYYA Soumya R.PADHY Amaresh K.NAYAK Annie POONAM Sangita MOHANTY Crop production Division Indian Council of Agriculture Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute(NRRI)GuttackOdisha 753006India

Carbon footprint (CF) quantification of major rice production systems (RPSs) is a prerequisite for developing strategies for climate change mitigation in agriculture. Total life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (LC-GHGs) from rice production to consumption might provide precise CFs for RPSs. Therefore, we assessed three segments (pre-farm, on-farm, and post-farm) of LC-GHGs under five major contrasting RPSs, i.e., aerobic rice (AR), shallow lowland rice(SLR), system of rice intensification (SRI), deep water rice (DWR), and zero-tilled direct-seeded rice (ZTR), in India to determine the corresponding *** footprint was the lowest for ZTR, while LC-GHGs were the lowest for AR. Therefore, AR is an adequate option for short-term reduction of GHG emissions. However, ZTR might be promoted by incentives as a long-term strategy. Among segmental LC-GHGs, on-farm GHG emissions contributed less than the other two segmental GHG emissions. The post-farm (i.e., farm gate to consumption) segment contributed the largest proportion (54%–69%) of total LC-GHGs, followed by pre-farm (i.e., cradle to farm) segment (21%–27%) and on-farm operation (11%–23%). These findings suggest that post-farm components that contribute to maximum GHG emissions must be scientifically tackled with proactive policy initiatives. However, the data of this segment are limited and scattered. Therefore, real-time assessment of GHG emissions during post-farm operation and input transportation from cradle to farm requires more precise quantification. Although CF in SRI was higher, this system had the potential to achieve higher yields and better soil carbon storage. Therefore,SRI may be encouraged from the perspectives of food security and long-term sustainability by reducing GHG emissions by three to four times.

关键词： carbon-equivalent emission carbon footprint climate change mitigation global warming management practice soil carbon stock:

MAINTENANCE OF MULTI-STATE production systems DETERIORATED BY RANDOM SHOCKS AND production

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Journal of systems Science and systems Engineering 2011年第1期20卷 110-118页

作者： Won Seok YANG Dae E.LIM Kyung C.CHAE Department of Business Administration Hannam University Department of Industrial and systems Engineering

We consider the preventive maintenance of a production system that is deteriorated by random shocks and the production process itself. The degree of deterioration is modeled by discrete and finite states. Shocks arrive according to a Poisson process and deteriorate the system by random amounts. The system may deteriorate whenever it produces an item. The system is continuously monitored and repaired if the system state is at or above a predetermined level for maintenance. We analyze the lifetime, product quantity, average cost, and average profit considering revenue from the product and cost due to setup, operation, and repair. Assuming a structure of system parameters and costs, using numerical examples, we investigate the impact of production and shock arrivals on the average profit and the optimal maintenance level that maximizes the average profit. The proposed model is applicable to manufacturing tasks in which machines wear due to production, for example, press processes, milling, turning, punching, and drilling.

关键词： Multi-state deterioration random shock maintenance cost-benefit analysis

Optimization based scheduling for a class of production systems with integral constraints

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 3533-3544页

作者： GUAN XiaoHong ZHAI QiaoZhu FENG YongHan GAO Feng systems Engineering Institute MOE KLINNS Lab and SKLMS LabXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Center for Intelligent and Networked systems TNLIST LabTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Science Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Operation scheduling for a class of production systems with"instantly consumed"products is very *** is challenging to satisfy the real time system demand and to consider the realizability of the production *** paper formulates a new model for optimization based production scheduling problems with integral *** on the detailed analysis of the production rate constraints,it is proved that this type of optimization problems is equivalent to a smooth nonlinear programming *** reachable upper and lower bounds of the production amount in every period can be expressed as functions of two variables,i.e.,the production rate at the start and end of that *** is also proved that the gradients of these functions are monotonic,and their convexity or concavity is *** the production cost function is convex,this type of optimization problems is equivalent to a convex programming *** the above analysis,a two-stage solution method is developed to solve the production scheduling problems with integral constraints,and in many applications the global optimal solution can be obtained *** the new model and solution method,the difficulties caused by the constraints on production rate can be overcome and the optimal schedule can be obtained with the real time system demand *** testing for scheduling of electric power production systems is performed and the testing results are *** is demonstrated that the new model and solution method are effective.

关键词： production scheduling integral constraints optimal control convex programming

Arthropods and biofuel production systems in North America

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 220-236页

作者： Douglas A. Landis Benjamin P. Werling Department of Entomology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center 204 Center for Integrated Plant Systems Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Biomass harvest may eventually be conducted on over 100 000 000 ha of US crop and forest lands to meet federally-mandated targets for renewable biofuels. Such largescale land use changes could profoundly impact working landscapes and the arthropod communities that inhabit them. We review the literature on dedicated biofuel crops and biomass harvest from forests to look for commonalities in arthropod community responses. With expanded biofuel production, existing arthropod pests of biofuel crops will likely become more important and new pests will emerge. Beneficial arthropods will also be influenced by biofuel crop habitats, potentially altering the distribution of pollination and pest control services to the surrounding landscape. production of biofuel crops including initial crop selection, genetic improvement, agronomic practices, and harvest regimes will also influence arthropod communities. In turn, arthropods will impact the productivity and species composition of biomass production systems. Some of these processes have the potential to cause landscape-level changes in arthropod community dynamics and insect- vectored plant diseases. Finally, changes in arthropod populations and their spatiotemporal distribution in the landscape will have impacts on consumers of insects at higher trophic levels, potentially influencing their population and community dynamics and producing feedbacks to arthropod communities. Given that dedicated biofuel crops and intensified biomass harvest from forests are still relatively uncommon in North America, as they increase, we anticipate ＇predictably unpredictable＇ shifts in arthropod communities and the ecosystem services and functions they support. We suggest that research on arthropod dynamics within biofuel crops, their spillover into adjacent habitats, and implications for the sustainability of working landscapes are critical topics for both basic and applied investigations.

关键词： biodiversity land use change pest management

production systems, Genetic Diversity and Genes Associated with Prolificacy and Milk production in Indigenous Goats of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 735-749页

作者： Simon Patrick Baenyi Joseph Owino Junga Christian Keambou Tiambo Ahadi Bwihangane Birindwa Katcho Karume Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn Joel Winyo Ochieng Department of Animal production Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu The Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Animal production University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Bioscience Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health-International Livestock Research Institute (CTLGH-ILRI) Nairobi Kenya Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) Wandegeya Kampala Uganda Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Uppsala Sweden

Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers’ socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat’s production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat’s distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.

关键词： Gene Prolificacy Milk production Sub-Saharan African Region

Enabling data-driven anomaly detection by design in cyber-physical production systems

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Cybersecurity 2022年第3期5卷 34-51页

作者： Rui Pinto Gil Goncalves Jerker Delsing Eduardo Tovar Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal EISLAB Lulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing systems Polytechnic of Porto-School of EngineeringPortoPortugal

Designing and developing distributed cyber-physical production systems(CPPS)is a time-consuming,complex,and error-prone *** systems are typically heterogeneous,i.e.,they consist of multiple components implemented with different languages and development *** of the main problems nowadays in CPPS implementation is enabling security mechanisms by design while reducing the complexity and increasing the system’s *** the IEC 61499 standard is an excellent approach to tackle these challenges by enabling the design,deployment,and management of CPPS in a model-based engineering *** propose a method for CPPS design based on the IEC 61499 *** method allows designers to embed a bio-inspired anomaly-based host intrusion detection system(A-HIDS)in Edge *** A-HIDS is based on the incremental Dendritic Cell Algorithm(iDCA)and can analyze OPC UA network data exchanged between the Edge devices and detect attacks that target the CPPS’Edge *** study’s findings have practical implications on the industrial security community by making novel contributions to the intrusion detection problem in CPPS considering immune-inspired solutions,and cost-effective security by design system *** to the experimental data,the proposed solution can dramatically reduce design and code complexity while improving application maintainability and successfully detecting network attacks without negatively impacting the performance of the CPPS Edge devices.

关键词： Artificial immune systems Cyber-physical production systems IEC 61499 Function blocks Industrial Internet of Things Anomaly-based host intrusion detection system Model-based engineering

A Study of Optimum Switching Problem for production systems Considering Efficiency, Delivery Time and Green Evaluation

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2023年第2期11卷 158-171页

作者： Jing Sun Mingjuan Zhao Akihiro Yano Hisashi Yamamoto Department of Civil Engineering and systems Management Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of System Design Management Systems Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Hino Japan

This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue better work efficiency, but also focus on green energy evaluation issues. Cost reduction and shortening of delivery time are always important management issues in pursuit of efficiency and optimization of the entire production system because of global production competition. In a market situation where customer needs change in various ways, in particular, due to inadequate quality, changes in the local environment, natural disasters and so on. Therefore, prompt planning of management measures such as switching work processes and changing production methods has become an important issue. On the other hand, since the Paris Agreement came into effect, the construction of an environment-friendly production system has been required as an approach to environmental problems such as global warming. In this paper, we propose an optimum switching model of production systems considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation using a green evaluation index (GEC: Green Energy Coefficient). We also discuss the optimal switching strategy by numerical observation.

关键词： Green Evaluation Sustainable production Optimal Switching Problem production Networks Decarbonization Manufacture Management

Report on a breeding objective that may reduce the carbon footprint of extensive cow-calf production systems

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Natural Science 2013年第1期5卷 167-171页

作者： Motshabi Catherine Mokolobate Machiel Matthys Scholtz Sendros Demeke Mulugeta Frederick Wilhelm Cornelius Neser ARC-Animal production Institute Irene South Africa&Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences University of Free State Bloemfontein South Africa ARC-Animal production Institute Irene South Africa *Corresponding Author Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences University of Free State Bloemfontein South Africa North West University Mmabatho South Africa

Most measurements for beef improvement in South Africa are per individual (weaning weight, calving interval, growth rate, etc.). A measurement that expresses performance per constant unit, e.g. kilogram calf weaned per Large Stock Unit (LSU) can eventually be translated to kilogram calf produced per kg CO2 equivalent. A LSU is defined as a bovine requiring 75 MJ Metabolisable Energy (ME) per day. If more kilogram weaner calf can be produced per LSU (KgC/LSU), the carbon footprint of beef can be reduced. This study used breed average values to investigate the KgC/LSU for the 30 beef and dual purpose breeds in South Africa. The breeds were categorized in the following breed types: Sanga (indigenous to South Africa) Sanga derived, Zebu, Zebu derived, British and European. No relationship was found between cow weights and KgC/LSU, indicating that it is independent of cow weight between breeds. However, when the data is summarized into breed types, the Sanga and European breed types produce the least KgC/ LSU and Sanga derived breed types the most. This high value of the Sanga derived breeds is probably due to retained heterosis. Composite breeds are mostly intermediate to parental breeds for individual traits but superior for composite traits and KgC/LSU is a composite trait. These calculations were only done on breed averages. A genetic analysis on a breed level to estimate genetic parameters for this trait, and its genetic correlations with other traits now needs to be done before a decision can be taken whether selection for KgC/LSU will be feasible. The ultimate aim with a trait like this is to reduce the carbon footprint of weaner calf production since more kilogram calf will be produced per LSU (constant feed unit).

关键词： Beef production Breeding Cattle Large Stock Unit Sanga Weaner Calf Component

Fault Handling in PLC-Based Industry 4.0 Automated production systems as a Basis for Restart and Self-Configuration and Its Evaluation

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2016年第1期9卷 1-43页

作者： Birgit Vogel-Heuser Susanne Rösch Juliane Fischer Thomas Simon Sebastian Ulewicz Jens Folmer Institute of Automation and Information systems Technische Universitat München Munich Germany

Industry 4.0 and Cyber Physical production systems (CPPS) are often discussed and partially already sold. One important feature of CPPS is fault tolerance and as a consequence self-configuration and restart to increase Overall Equipment Effectiveness. To understand this challenge at first the state of the art of fault handling in industrial automated production systems (aPS) is discussed as a result of a case study analysis in eight companies developing aPS. In the next step, metrics to evaluate the concept of self-configuration and restart for aPS focusing on real-time capabilities, fault coverage and effort to increase fault coverage are proposed. Finally, two different lab size case studies prove the applicability of the concepts of self-configuration, restart and the proposed metrics.

关键词： Industry 4.0 Automated production System OEE Metrics Recovery Restart Fault Handling