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Physical Properties of the Function and Number of Empirical Macrohardness of the Material: Universal Physical Unit of Measurement of Macro Hardness (Part 2)

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2023年第3期13卷 79-91页

作者： Shtyrov Nikolay private research and production company“lyu” Nikolayev 54020PO Box 86Ukraine

Results of analytical studies of the physical properties of the function and number of empirical macrohardness based on the standard experimental force diagram of kinetic macroindentation by a *** analytical comparison method and a criterion for the similarity of the physical and empirical macrohardness of a material are *** physical properties of the hardness measurement process using the Calvert-Johnson method are *** physical reasons for the size effect when measuring macrohardness are *** universal physical unit and standard of macrohardness of kinetic macroindentation by a sphere is substantiated.

关键词： Physical theory of kinetic indentation method for determining the function and number of physical macrohardness ratio of empirical and physical macrohardness of a material universal physical unit of macrohardness.

Physical Methods and Parameters for Assessing the Strength, Fatigue, Durability and Damage to a Structural Material

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2019年第3期9卷 84-91页

作者： Shtyrov Nikolay private research and production company lyu Nikolayev 54020 PO Box 86 Ukraine

The methods and criteria of the physical theory of strength are used. The initial physical and mechanical parameters of the strength of steel 45 were determined analytically. Strength, fatigue and damage to steel were calculated for non-stationary mechanical and various thermal loads. The ratio between the physical and generally accepted mechanical parameters of the material strength is determined analytically. The result of the calculation of the new characteristics of the strength of the damaged material is given. The method takes into account plastic deformation, an arbitrary form of stress cycle, temperature mode. Additional physical criteria for evaluating the strength properties are proposed. We use our own calculation programs, which allow us to take into account the changed characteristics of the damaged material for various stress functions. The physical method allows you to analyze and quickly process the rheological data of sensors that control the parameters of the material under load. A method for rapid analysis and comparison of the results of indentation into the material in accordance with ISO 14577 using various indenters is proposed. Physical parameters of the material and new theoretical methods of calculation can be used to assess the properties of materials, monitor the condition and predict the strength and durability of the material of machines during operation.

关键词： Stress strain strength physical equation calculation

Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Natural Gas in the Xinchang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2200-2213页

作者： WU Xiaoqi LIU Quanyou LIU Guangxiang WANG Ping LI Huaji MENG Qingqiang CHEN Yingbin ZENG Huasheng Wuxi research Institute of Petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and production research Institute SINOPEC Exploration and Development research Institute Southwest Branch CompanySINOPEC

The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane （88.99%-98.01%）, and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma＇antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.

关键词： natural gas geochemical characteristics genetic types Xinchang gas field western Sichuan Basin

A new diagnostic method for identifying working conditions of submersible reciprocating pumping systems

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Petroleum Science 2013年第1期10卷 81-90页

作者： Yu Deliang Zhang Yongming Bian Hongmei Wang Xinmin Qi Weigui School of Electrical Engineering andAutomation Harbin Institute of Technology research and Development Center Daqing Oilfield Company research Institute of Oil production Engineering Daqing Oilfield Company

The submersible pumping unit is a new type of pumping system for lifting formation fluids from onshore oil wells, and the identification of its working condition has an important influence on oil production. In this paper we proposed a diagnostic method for identifying the working condition of the submersible pumping system. Based on analyzing the working principle of the pumping unit and the pump structure, different characteristics in loading and unloading processes of the submersible linear motor were obtained at different working conditions. The characteristic quantities were extracted from operation data of the submersible linear motor. A diagnostic model based on the support vector machine （SVM） method was proposed for identifying the working condition of the submersible pumping unit, where the inputs of the SVM classifier were the characteristic quantities. The performance and the misjudgment rate of this method were analyzed and validated by the data acquired from an experimental simulation platform. The model proposed had an excellent performance in failure diagnosis of the submersible pumping system. The SVM classifier had higher diagnostic accuracy than the learning vector quantization （LVQ） classifier.

关键词： Submersible reciprocating pump working condition failure diagnosis linear motor characteristic quantity support vector machine misjudgment rate

Analysis of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in carbonate rocks by the laser micro-sampling technique

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第2期32卷 235-240页

作者： ZHENG Ping WANG Lansheng YANG Yi GAO Xi ZHANG Zhonghua Analysis Experiment Center of E & D research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Gas production Engineering research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company

The analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in different carbonate rocks by the phosphoric acid method is not easier than that by the laser sampling method developed in recent years, which optically focuses laser beams with sufficient energy on a micro area of a thin section in a vacuum sample box via microscope. CO 2 produced by heating decomposition of carbonate was purified by the vacuum system, and the stable isotopic values of carbon and oxygen were calculated and analyzed on a mass spectrometer. This paper adopted the laser micro-sampling technique to analyze the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in dolomite, carbonate cement, stromatolite and different forms of dawsonite (donbassite). Results indicated that the laser micro-sampling method is effective in analyzing carbonate composition and could be a convincing proof for justification on carbonate composition analysis.

关键词：氧稳定同位素稳定同位素分析激光束聚焦碳酸盐岩微取样技术同位素质谱仪碳酸盐胶结物真空系统

A new mathematical model for horizontal wells with variable density perforation completion in bottom water reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2017年第2期14卷 383-394页

作者： Dian-Fa Du Yan-Yan Wang Yan-Wu Zhao Pu-Sen Sui Xi Xia School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and production research Institute Sinopec Shengli production Plant Shengli Oilfield Branch CompanySinopec

Horizontal wells are commonly used in bottom water reservoirs,which can increase contact area between wellbores and *** are many completion methods used to control cresting,among which variable density perforation is an effective *** is difficult to evaluate well productivity and to analyze inflow profiles of horizontal wells with quantities of unevenly distributed perforations,which are characterized by different *** this paper,fluid flow in each wellbore perforation,as well as the reservoir,was analyzed.A comprehensive model,coupling the fluid flow in the reservoir and the wellbore pressure drawdown,was developed based on potential functions and solved using the numerical discrete ***,a bottom water cresting model was established on the basis of the piston-like displacement ***,bottom water cresting parameters and factors influencing inflow profile were analyzed.A more systematic optimization method was proposed by introducing the concept of cumulative free-water production,which could maintain a balance（or then a balance is achieved）between stabilizing oil production and controlling bottom water *** show that the inflow profile is affected by the perforation *** with denser perforation density at the toe end and thinner density at the heel end may obtain low production,but the water breakthrough time is *** cumulative free-water production as a parameter to evaluate perforation strategies is advisable in bottom water reservoirs.

关键词： Bottom water reservoirs Variable density perforation completion Inflow profile Cresting model Cumulative free-water production

Factors controlling the formation and evolution of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation,Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2023年第2期4卷 1-16页

作者： Xiang Zhou Lidong Sun Exploration and production research Institute PetroChina Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqingHeilongjiang163712China

The types and quality of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation are the key factors affecting the distributions of various deep gas reservoirs in the Xujiaweizi fault depression in Songliao *** clarify the quality differences and origins of different types of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation,this study reconstructed the sedimentary and water environment,determined the controlling effects of fault activity,sedimentary facies,and paleo-sedimentary environment on the quality of various source rocks,by making full use of seismic,logging,core,organic geochemical and element geochemical *** results show that two types of source rocks developed in the Shahezi Formation,namely,mudstones and *** mudstones have a relatively high abundance of organic matter,which consists of type-Ⅱ kerogen and partial type-Ⅲ kerogen,and are concentrated in Sha-I *** coals have a high abundance of organic matter,which consist of type-Ⅲ kerogen,and are mainly distributed in Sha-Ⅱ *** the deposition of Sha-I Member,intense fault activity formed arrow,deep-water lacustrine basins with high salinity and strong reducibility on the downthrow sides of *** the deposition of Sha-II Member,fault activity progressively weakened,and the areas of lacustrine basins enlarged to their maximum values and became wide,shallow-water basins with low salinity and low *** development of source rocks was controlled by fault activity,sedimentary facies,and paleo-sedimentary *** activity formed accommodation space on the downthrown sides of faults for mudstone accumulation,thus determining mudstone *** sedimentary environment controlled the organic matter input and determined the distribution of mudstones and *** paleo-sedimentary environment,which consisted of paleo-salinity,as well as paleo-water depth and redox conditions,affected the accumulation and preservation of organic matter and is the main controlling factor for the

关键词： Fault Paleo-environment evolution Source rock Deep gas reservoirs Shahezi Formation Xujiaweizi fault depression

Enhancement of diversity,stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure:the case of a mopane woodland in northern Botswana

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 41-55页

作者： Demel Teketay Keotshephile Kashe Joseph Madome Monica Kabelo John Neelo Mmusi Mmusi Wellington Masamba Department of Crop Science and production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana University of Botswana Okavango Research InstitutePrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana

Introduction:An area exclosure is the practice of land management that involves the exclusion of livestock and humans from openly accessing an area that is characterized by severe *** exclosures have been employed as cheap and convenient means of rehabilitating degraded forests/woodlands.A study was carried out to(i)assess the species richness,diversity and evenness;(ii)determine the densities,frequencies,dominance and importance value index;and(iii)assess the population structure and regeneration status of woody species inside and outside the fence(area exclosure)of Okavango research Institute(ORI)located in Maun,northern ***:Thirty-five woody species were recorded inside(32 spp.)and outside(24 spp.)the ORI compound,and the population structure and regeneration status of the woody species were better inside than outside the ORI *** exclosure had seven times higher mean density of woody species than outside ORI,and an exceptional regeneration of seedlings was observed inside than outside the ORI compound,suggesting the process of recovery of the degraded *** frequencies of more than half of the woody species also showed increment inside than outside the *** results suggest that the exclosed area is still in an initial recovery stage since it had been an open grazing area prior to the establishment of the *** of the woody species encountered outside ORI showed hampered recruitment and regeneration,owing to different anthropogenic impacts and overgrazing by ***:Despite the relatively short period(10 years)of exclosure establishment,results from the present study have further provided empirical evidences on the actual crucial roles played by area exclosures to increase woody species richness,diversity,evenness,density,frequency,dominance and important value index as well as enhance the population structure and regeneration of the woody species in northern *** research is recomm

关键词： Frequency Density Important value index Maun Population structure Species richness

Characteristics and geochemical implications of light hydrocarbons from ultra-deep Ordovician oils in the North Shuntuoguole area, Tarim Basin

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第3期16卷 623-634页

作者： Li DONG Anlai MA Huixi LIN Lu YUN Weilong PENG Xiuxiang ZHU Petroleum Exploration and production research Institute SinopecBeijing 102206China Northwest Oilfield company SinopecUrumqi 830011China

The ultra-deep Ordovician reservoirs in North Shuntuoguole Oilfield(or Shunbei Oilfield)of Sinopec have achieved annual production of one million ton,and the oil&gas in different faults show different physical properties and fluid *** this study,the 28 oil samples from the ultra-deep Ordovician were analyzed using whole oil *** heptane and isoheptane values of the oil samples were in the range of 29.79%‒46.86%and 1.01%-3.06%,respectively,indicating the oils are high *** maturity that calculated based on light hydrocarbon values was higher than which calculated by using aromatic hydrocarbon parameters,suggesting the light hydrocarbon maturity mostly reflects the maturity of the late charged *** 2M-/3M-C5 and 2M-/3M-C_(6) ratios varied in the ranges of 1.41‒1.81 and 0.79-1.09,respectively,and the iC_(5)/nC_(5) and 3M-C_(5)/nC_(6) ratios were 0.31‒0.90 and 0.16-0.37,respectively,indicating that ultra-deep Ordovician reservoirs have not experienced *** Mango parameter K_(1) of the oil samples ranges 0.96‒1.01 except for the oil from Well SB4,which suggests that most of the reservoirs have not suffered thermochemical sulfur reduction(TSR).Meanwhile,the oils have not experienced evaporative fractionation since the toluene/nC_(7) and nC_(7)/MCC_(6) ratios range from 0.10-0.38 and 1.50‒1.80,*** close correlation between P_(3) and P_(2)+N_(2) and between P_(2) and N_(2)/P_(3) indicates that the oils from different faults have the same *** to the characteristics of LHs rich in n-alkane,as well as other biomarkers,such as aryl isoprenoids,and aromatic hydrocarbon parameters,the oil originated from the source rock of Lower Cambrian Yu’ertusi ***,the source rocks in different fault zones slightly differed in organic facies.

关键词： light hydrocarbons biodegradation thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR) evaporative fractionation ultra-deep Ordovician reservoir Tarim Basin