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Ancient road transport devices： Developments from the Bronze Age to the Roman Empire

Frontiers of Mechanical engineering 2016年第1期11卷 12-25页

作者： Cesare ROSSI Thomas G. CHONDROS Kypros F. MILIDONIS Sergio SAVINO Flavio RUSSO Department of Industrial engineering University of Naples 'Federico II' Naples 80125 Italy Mechanical engineering & Aeronautics Department University of Patras Patras 26500 Greece USSME consultant via Lamaria 137 Torte del Greco Napoli Italy

The development of transportation systems has significantly enhanced the welfare and modernization of society. Wooden vehicles pulled by animals have been used for land transportation since the early Bronze Age. Whole-body gharries with rigid wheels pulled by oxen appeared in Crete by 2000 BC or earlier. Horses originating from the East were depicted in early Cretan seal-rings of the same period. The two-wheeled horse- drawn chariot was one of the most important inventions in history. This vehicle provided humanity its first concept of personal transport and was the key technology of war for 2000 years. Chariots of Mycenaean and Archaic Greece with light and flexible four-spoked wheels acting as spring suspensions were depicted in vase paintings. The development of this vehicle incorporated the seeds of a primitive design activity and was important for engineering. The Trojan horse since 1194 BC and the helepolis since 700 BC were the first known machines on a wheeled base transported by horses or self-powered. Ancient engineers invented bearings lubricated with fat, and Romans introduced the ancestors of ball bearings for their wagons and carts. The historic evolution of wheeled transportation systems, along with early traction, suspension, and braking systems, is presented in this paper. Analytical and numerical methods are incorporated to analyze the most conceivable loading situations of typically reconstructed wheeled transportation systems in ancient times. Traction requirements both for horse-driven machines and the power for internal motors are also analyzed. This study can serve as a basis for further development of detailed reconstruction of transportation systems in antiquity.

关键词： transportation wheel spoke cart axle bearing

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Revealing a Transformation-Induced Plasticity(TRIP)Phenomenon in a Medium-Entropy Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第8期33卷 1159-1165页

作者： Ibrahim Ondicho Bernard Alunda Dicken Owino Luke Otieno Melody Chepkoech Department of Mechanical engineering Dedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143NyeriKenya Materials Design and Manufacturing(MADEMA)GroupDedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143Dedan KimathiNyeriKenya Department of Advanced Root Industry engineering Yuengnam UniversityGyeongsanSouth Korea Department of Mining and Minerals Processing engineering Taita Taveta UniversityP.O.Box 635-80300VoiKenya Department of Mechanical engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea School of Mechanical engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea Department of Mechanical engineering Howard UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

A transformation-induced plasticity phenomenon in Fe65(CoCrMnNi)35 medium-entropy alloy was *** to the X-ray diffraction patterns,the as-cast specimen contains a single-phase face-centered cubic(fcc),while low-temperature annealing at 500℃and 600℃leads to the introduction of a body-centered cubic(bcc)phase as a secondary *** increment of the annealing temperature to above 700℃eliminates the bcc phase,and the microstructure was found to contain a single-phase *** 20%true strain,an fcc-to-bcc phase transformation is observed;whereas,at 28%true strain,an fccto-hcp phase transformation takes place as an additional deformation *** strain-induced phase transformation phenomenon leads to improved tensile properties of this alloy.

关键词： Phase transformation X-ray diffraction Mechanical behavior Microstructure evolution Multicomponent alloys

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Prolog to the Section on Radar System engineering

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Journal of Systems engineering and Electronics 1995年第1期6卷 46-47页

作者： R. T. Hill Radar consultant USA November 1994 Beijing

ＰｒｏｌｏｇｔｏｔｈｅＳｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｎＲａｄａｒＳｙｓｔｅｍＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ￥／／ＩｎｔｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｗｅｈａｖｅａｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｔｈａｔｓａｙｓｉｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ＂ｔｏｌｏ... 详细信息

ＰｒｏｌｏｇｔｏｔｈｅＳｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｎＲａｄａｒＳｙｓｔｅｍＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ￥／／ＩｎｔｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｗｅｈａｖｅａｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｔｈａｔｓａｙｓｉｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ＂ｔｏｌｏｓｅｓｉｇｈｔｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｓ...

关键词： Prolog to the Section on Radar System engineering

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High Temperature Oxidation as a Production Route for Electronic Materials

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2009年第4期29卷 248-252页

作者： W. GAO Z. W. LI Department of Chemical and Materials engineering The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand BRANZ Ltd Judgeford Porirua 5381 Private Bag 50908 New Zealand

Oxidation of metallic components often results in degradation and structural failure,prevention is therefore an important *** the other hand,oxidation process creates new products such as metal oxides,can be used as a production route.A well-known process in semiconductor industry is that oxidation in dry or wet atmosphere is a popular way for growth of multi-functional SiO_2 films on Si wafers. Recently,oxidation processes under controlled conditions(atmosphere,temperature,and time) are used to prepare various oxides,carbides,or nitrides with micro-/nano-struetures,well-defined composition,dimension, shape and *** use of oxidation now includes thin film and nano-/micro-sized devices, and porous oxides for sensing and catalysis *** paper introduces the research activities in the authors' group on applications of oxidation as a tool for synthesis of functional materials.

关键词：金属腐蚀保护氧化

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An Experimental Study on the Gait Patterns and Kinematics of Chinese Mitten Crabs

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2013年第3期10卷 305-315页

作者： Jianqiao Li Xiaodong Zhang Meng Zou Rui Zhang Benard Chirende Ruiyang Shi Cangang Wei Key Laboratory of Bionic engineering (Ministry of Education China) Jilin University Changehun 130022 P. R. China Agricultural Research Council Institute for Agricultural Engineering Private Bag X 519 Silverton 0127 Pretoria South Africa

Despite the many studies on eight-legged animals and the importance of their mechanics of terrestrial locomotion, the mechanical energy of crabs in voluntary locomotion on uneven, unpredictable terrain surfaces has received little attention thus far. In this paper, motion video images of Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards） locomotion on five types of terrains were recorded using a high-speed three-dimensional （3D） recording video system. The typical variables of locomotion such as gait patterns, duty factor, mechanical energy of the mass center, mass-specific write of the total mechanical power of the mass center, and percentage recovery, were analyzed. Results show that the Chinese mitten crab uses random gaits instead of the alternating tetrapod gait with the increasing terrain roughness. The duty factors of the rows of the leading legs are greater for all terrains than those of the rows of the trailing legs. On smooth terrain, the duty factors of the rows of the trailing legs are greater than that on rough terrains. Kinematic measurements and calculations reveal that similar to mammals, birds, and arthropods, the Chinese mitten crab uses two fundamental gaits to save mechanical energy： the inverted pendulum gait and the bouncing gait. The bouncing gait is the main pattern of mechanical energy conservation. The low probability of injury and energy expenditure due to adaptations to various terrains induce the Chinese mitten crab to modify the mass-specific rate of the total mechanical power of the mass center. The statistical results of percentage recovery also reveal that the Chinese mitten crab has lower energy recovery efficiency over rough terrains compared with smooth terrains.

关键词： biomechanics Chinese mitten crab gait patterns kinematics

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A New Method for Diagnosis of Leukemia Utilizing a Hybrid DL-ML Approach for Binary and Multi-Class Classification on a Limited-Sized Database

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 593-631页

作者： Nilkanth Mukund Deshpande Shilpa Gite Biswajeet Pradhan Abdullah Alamri Chang-Wook Lee Department of Electronics&Telecommunication LavaleSymbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)PuneMaharashtra412115India Electronics&Telecommunication Dr.Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of EngineeringAhmednagarMaharashtra414111India Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Department Symbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed)UniversityPune412115India Symbiosis Centre of Applied AI(SCAAI) Symbiosis International(Deemed)UniversityPune412115India Centre for AdvancedModelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia Earth Observation Centre Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangor43600Malaysia Department of Geology&Geophysics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Science Education Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon-si24341Korea

Infection of leukemia in humans causes many complications in its later *** impairs bone marrow’s ability to produce *** diagnosis of human blood cells is a well-known and well-proven technique for diagnosis in this *** binary classification is employed to distinguish between normal and leukemiainfected *** addition,various subtypes of leukemia require different *** sub-classes must also be detected to obtain an accurate diagnosis of the type of *** entails using multi-class classification to determine the leukemia *** is usually done using a microscopic examination of these blood *** to the requirement of a trained pathologist,the decision process is critical,which leads to the development of an automated software framework for *** utilized state-of-the-art machine learning approaches,such as Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Na飗e Bayes,K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),and others,to provide limited accuracies of *** advanced deep-learning methods are also *** to constrained dataset sizes,these approaches result in over-fitting,reducing their outstanding *** study introduces a deep learning-machine learning combined approach for leukemia *** uses deep transfer learning frameworks to extract and classify features using state-of-the-artmachine learning *** transfer learning frameworks such as VGGNet,Xception,InceptionResV2,Densenet,and ResNet are employed as feature *** extracted features are given to RF and XGBoost classifiers for the binary and multi-class classification of leukemia *** the experimentation,a very popular ALL-IDB dataset is used,approaching a maximum accuracy of 100%.A private real images dataset with three subclasses of leukemia images,including Acute Myloid Leukemia(AML),Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia(CLL),and Chronic Myloid Leukemia(CML),is also employed to generalize the *** d

关键词： Leukemia diagnosis deep learning machine learning random forest XGBoost

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Regularized luni-solar gravity dynamics on resident space objects

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Astrodynamics 2021年第2期5卷 91-108页

作者： Harishkumar Sellamuthu Ram Krishan Sharma Agnikul Cosmos private Limited Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Department of Aerospace engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatore641114India

Resident space object population in highly elliptical high perigee altitude(>600 km)orbits is significantly affected by luni-solar *** regularization,an analytical orbit theory with luni-solar gravity effects as third-body perturbations in terms of Kustaanheimo-Stiefel regular elements is *** tests with different cases resulted in good accuracy for both short-and long-term orbit *** is observed that the luni-solar perturbations affect the accuracy of the analytical solution *** analytical theory is tested with the observed orbital parameters of the few objects in highly elliptical *** analytical evolution of osculating perigee altitude is found to be concurrent with observed *** perturbation,when compared with lunar perturbation,is established to be dominant over such orbits.

关键词： luni-solar perturbations regularization Kustaanheimo-Stiefel(KS)transformation

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Geodetic Analysis inside the South Korean Peninsula and Impact of the 2011 Tohoku–Oki(TO) Earthquake

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第2期96卷 631-647页

作者： Kutubuddin ANSARI Kwan-Dong PARK Integrated Geoinformation(IntGeo)Solution private Limited New Delhi 110025India Department of Geoinformatic engineering Inha University100 Inha-roIncheon 22212Korea

The most powerful Tohoku–Oki(TO) earthquake that occurred in Japan on 11 March 2011 affected Japan as well as South Korea. In the current study, we investigated contemporary geodetic deformation inside South Korea before and after the TO earthquake using Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) measurements from 01 January 2008 to 31 December 2017. Measured velocities of GNSS sites are modeled by Auto-regressive moving average(ARMA) method to analyze the long-term GNSS time-series variation and to investigate the secular tectonic crustal deformation. We found that the maximum co-seismic displacements during the TO earthquake reached up to 36.82 ± 0.21 mm in the east and 5.90 ± 0.08 mm in the north directions. The geometric model of the co-seismic thrust surface was characterized by a rectangular plane with a dip of 12.0° and strike 200°. The thrust is situated at 25 km hypocenter depth, with an area roughly ~470 km long and ~120 km wide. The seismicity pattern after the earthquake indicated that the compressional strain started to be replaced by the extensional strain during the post TO earthquake period from 2011 to 2014. Further, the strain became predominantly extensional during the period 2015 to 2017, revealing an effective rotational change that occurred inside the Korean Peninsula.

关键词： seismicity strain crustal deformation Auto-Regressive Moving Average Global Navigation Satellite System Tohoku-Oki earthquake

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Investigation of Groundwater Quality with Borehole Depth in the Basin Granitoids of the Ashanti Region of Ghana

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第5期16卷 381-394页

作者： Bernard Ofosu Augustine Kofi Asante Festus Anane Mensah Umar-Farouk Usman Naa Korkoi Ayeh Geotechnical and Materials engineering Division CSIR-Building and Road Research Institute Kumasi Ghana

The dependence of groundwater quality on borehole depth is usually debatable in groundwater studies, especially in complex geological formations where aquifer characteristics vary spatially with depth. This study therefore seeks to investigate the relationship between borehole depth and groundwater quality across the granitoid aquifers within the Birimian Supergroup in the Ashanti Region. Physicochemical analysis records of groundwater quality data were collected from 23 boreholes of public and private institutions in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, and the parametric values of iron, fluoride, total hardness, pH, nitrate, and nitrite were used to study the groundwater quality-depth relationship. The results showed that the depth-to-groundwater quality indicated a marginal increase in water quality in the range of 30 to 50 m, which is mathematically represented by the low-value correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.026). A relatively significant increase occurs in the depth range of 50 to 80 m, which is given by a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.298. The mean percent parameter compatibility was 74%, 82%, 89%, and 97% at 50, 60, 70, and 80 m depths, respectively. The variations in groundwater quality per depth ratio ranged from 1.48, 1.37, 1.27, and 1.21 for 50, 60, 70, and 80 m depth, respectively. The recommended minimum borehole depth for excellent groundwater quality is suggested with a compatibility per meter depth ratio of 1.37. This results in a range between 50 and 70 m as the most desirable drilling depth for excellent groundwater quality within the granitoids of the Birimian Supergroup of the Ashanti Region in Ghana.

关键词： Groundwater Quality Borehole Depth Birimian Supergroup Granitoid Aquifers Ashanti Region

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Hepatitis and monkeypox: Clinical presentation and co-infection

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iLIVER 2022年第2期1卷 139-140页

作者： Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip Viroj Wiwanitkit private Academic consultant BangkokThailand Dr DY Patil University PuneIndia

Dear Editor,New zoonotic pox diseases have emerged,posing a global concern in addition to the well-known pox infections[1].Monkeypox is an uncommon kind of pox that has reappeared due to zoonosis[1].By 2022,monkeypox had spread throughout Europe and North America,creating a serious public health risk[2].Monkeypox is an uncommon and little-known type of pox that has reappeared as a result of ***-to-human transfer is being researched at the moment[1].Keeping in mind the background of the current scenario in 2022,outbreaks started in men who have sex with men(MSM)groups in London and involved a person from Nigeria.A Gay Pride Party in the Canaries served as the next base from which it spread throughout Europe and the *** the number of reported cases in various countries rises,the worldwide medical community is concerned,and careful planning to coincide with a potential monkeypox outbreak is *** ensure that the condition is managed appropriately,fresh disease data must be collected as soon as *** evidence suggests that groups with specific sexual risk behaviors are where monkeypox is most likely to *** community is also at a high risk for coinfection with HIV,HCV,or HBV,thus it is of particular relevance.

关键词： likely concerned monkey

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