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Dietary supplementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea P.Mallea Charmaine D.Espinosa Su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy J.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA present address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background Diets with high inclusion of corn co-products such as corn fermented protein(CFP)may contain excess Leu,which has a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of pigs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp in the brain for serotonin ***,we hypothesized that the negative effect of using CFP in diets for weanling pigs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val,Trp,and(or)*** three hundred and twenty weanling pigs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-pletely randomized design,with 4 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFP or corn and 20%CFP were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFP with Ile,Trp,Val,Ile and Val,Ile and Trp,Trp and Val,or Ile,Trp and Val.A two-phase feeding program was used,with d 1 to 14 being phase 1 and d 15 to 28 being phase *** scores were recorded every other *** samples were collected on d 14 and 28 from one pig per *** d 14,fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** pigs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** there were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the parameters evaluated in phase *** of 10%or 20%CFP in diets reduced(Pthe entire experimental ***,pigs fed the CFP diet supplemented with Val,Ile,and Trp had final body weight,ADFI,ADG and gain to feed ratio in phase 2 and for the entire experiment that was not different from pigs fed the control *** scores in phase 2 were reduced(P<0.05)if CFP was *** Corn fermented protein may be included by up to 20%in diets for weanling pi

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented protein Leucine Tryptophan Valine Weanling pigs

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Effective nucleus-nucleus potentials for heavy-ion fusion reactions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第2期36卷 103-111页

作者： Ning Wang Jin-Ming Chen Min Liu present address:Department of Physics Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Guilin 541004China

Based on the Skyrme energy density functional and reaction Q-value,this study proposed an effective nucleus-nucleus poten-tial for describing the capture barrier in heavy-ion fusion *** 443 extracted barrier heights were well reproduced with a root-mean-square(RMS)error of 1.53 MeV,and the RMS deviations with respect to 144 time-dependent Hartree-Fock capture barrier heights were only 1.05 *** with the Siwek-Wilczyński formula,wherein three parameters were determined by the proposed effective potentials,the measured capture cross sections at energies around the barriers were reasonably well reproduced for several fusion reactions induced by nearly spherical nuclei as well as by nuclei with large deformations,such as^(154)Sm and^(238)*** shallow capture pockets and small values of the average barrier radii resulted in the reduction of the capture cross sections for 52,54Cr-and 64 Ni-induced reactions,which were related to the synthesis of new super-heavy nuclei.

关键词： Nucleus-nucleus potential Fusion reactions Superheavy nuclei Capture cross sections

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Ultralight and superelastic MXene/reduced graphene oxide aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 1-9页

作者： Xinfeng Zhou Yang Dai Guoyao Yue Yiman Zhang Lulu Li Zhong-Zhen Yu Peng Min Hao-Bin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China present address:BOE Technology Innovation Center BOE Technology Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100176China Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research institute Xi’an 710065China

Lightweight aerogels feature multifunctionality and a high porosity,yet accompanied with poor structure recovery under large strain *** this work,we develop an air bubble-ice crystal dual template and annealing strategy to integrate low density and high resilience for the conductive transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXene)composite *** air bubbles and ice crystals synergistically exclude the nanosheets to the gas-liquid interfaces,thereby constructing unique Y-shaped junctions and robust *** annealing process greatly enhances the interlayer *** external load,the Yshaped structures prevent the stress concentration at the junctions by transferring the forces to the skeleton for maintaining structural *** addition,the wrinkled and thick cell walls,together with the enhanced interlayer interactions,endow the aerogel with exceptional structural stability and *** a result,the MXene/reduced graphene oxide(RGO)composite aerogels exhibit superelasticity with reversible compressive strains of up to 95%.In addition,the electron bridging effect of the RGO sheets affords the aerogel to deliver excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance,as high as 46.3 dB at 2.5 ***,the remarkable reshapeability of the aerogels allows for precise regulation of structure and performance(33.5-75.1 dB)by a simple wetting compression *** summary,this work offers helpful inspirations for developing lightweight and superelasticity aerogels for extensive applications.

关键词： lightweight superelasticity MXene aerogel electromagnetic interference shielding reshapeability

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Cryopreservation of bovine sperm causes single‑strand DNA breaks that are localized in the toroidal regions of chromatin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 92-106页

作者： Jordi Ribas‑Maynou Rodrigo Muiño Carolina Tamargo Marc Yeste Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(TechnoSperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaS17003 GironaSpain Unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaS17003 GironaSpain present address:Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics Department of Cell BiologyPhysiology and ImmunologyAutonomous University of BarcelonaS08193 BellaterraSpain Department of Animal Pathology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaS15705 LugoSpain Department of Animal Selection and Reproduction The Regional Agri-Food Research and Development Service of Asturias(SERIDA)S33394 GijónSpain Catalan institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) S08010 BarcelonaSpain

Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial *** freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity,whether the damage induced consists of single-(SSB)or double-strand breaks(DSB)has not been *** addition,no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions,or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to *** main aim of the present work,therefore,was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in *** the incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay,and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Before cryopreservation,the incidence of SSB was 10.99%±4.62%and involved 20.56%±3.04%of sperm cells,whereas these figures significantly(Pthawed *** contrast,no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed(P>0.990)before and after cryopreservation(before:incidence of 13.91%±1.75%of sperm DNA affecting 56.04%±12.49%of sperm cells;after:incidence of 13.55%±1.55%of sperm DNA involving 53.36%±11.00%of sperm cells).Moreover,PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid(than before freeze-thawing(15.57%±4.53%).these differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines,which are structured in *** the other hand,in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm(P=0.032 and P=0.005),but not w

关键词： Cattle DNA damage Fertility Sperm Toroid linker regions

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How competitive is the‘pioneer-climax’tree species Nothofagus alpina in pristine temperate forests of Chile?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 144-156页

作者： Rebekka Bögelein Cecilia APérez Philipp Schäferand Frank M.thomas Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences GeobotanyUniversity of TrierBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany present address:thünen-institut Institut für WaldökosystemeAlfred-Möller-Straße 116225 EberswaldeGermany Departamento de Ecología de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad(IEB)Alameda 340SantiagoChile

Aims Nothofagus species are constitutive elements of the temperate forests along the Southern Andes *** deciduous Nothofagus alpina is a fast-growing,but long-lived opportunistic pioneer spe-cies(‘pioneer-climax species’)and co-occurs with the evergreen *** tested whether *** is competitively superior to *** in mature stands and whether intra-specific competition in *** is stronger than inter-specific competition with *** In a pristine old-growth forest in South-Central Chile,we compared the growth of *** trees in pure stands and in mixture with *** to the growth of *** and calculated compe-tition *** related growth variables to climate data and weather *** Findings In ***,juvenile basal area increment was signifi-cantly higher in pure than in mixed *** to our hypothesis,*** exhibited larger radial stem increments than *** in the most recent 40 *** the most recent two decades,this was caused by high growth rates of large *** *** both Nothofagus species,stem growth was negatively related to temperature,but *** responded more sensitively to weather conditions than *** ***,stem increment was negatively related to the intensity of competition,but the size of the competition effects on this species was similar in pure and mixed ***,compared to ***,the‘pioneer-climax species’concept is even more appropriate for *** with its relatively high growth rates even in the early stages of its life.

关键词： competition index dendroecology growth-competition relationship pointer year productivity tree-ring analysis

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Single photon emission and recombination dynamics in self-assembled GaN/AlN quantum dots

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 751-765页

作者： Johann Stachurski Sebastian Tamariz Gordon Callsen Raphaël Butté Nicolas Grandjean institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFLCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland present address:UniversitéCôte d’Azur CNRSCRHEAF-06560 ValbonneFrance present address:institut für Festkörperphysik Universität Bremen28359 BremenGermany

Ⅲ-nitride quantum dots(QDs)are a promising system actively studied for their ability to maintain single photon emission up to room ***,we report on the evolution of the emission properties of self-assembled GaN/AlN QDs for temperatures ranging from 5 to 300 *** carefully track the photoluminescence of a single QD and measure an optimum single photon purity of g^((2))(0)=0.05±0.02 at 5 K and 0.17±0.08 at 300 *** complement this study with temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements(TRPL)performed on a QD ensemble to further investigate the exciton recombination dynamics of such polar zero-dimensional *** comparing our results to past reports,we emphasize the complexity of recombination processes in this *** of the more conventional mono-exponential decay typical of exciton recombination,TRPL transients display a bi-exponential feature with short-and long-lived components that persist in the low excitation *** the temperature insensitivity of the long-lived excitonic component,we first discard the interplay of dark-to-bright state refilling in the exciton recombination ***,this temperature-invariance also highlights the absence of nonradiative exciton recombinations,a likely direct consequence of the strong carrier confinement observed in GaN/AlN QDs up to 300 ***,our results support the viability of these dots as a potential single-photon source for quantum applications at room temperature.

关键词： temperature. process. quantum

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Occupancy of avian foraging guilds in soybean fields and borders in Entre Ríos, Argentina: responses to vegetation structure and prey resources

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 398-411页

作者： Andrea P.Goijman Michael J.Conroy Vanina D.Varni Jeffrey J.thompson María Elena Zaccagnini instituto de Recursos Biológicos CIRNInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(CNIA-INTA)HurlinghamBuenos AiresArgentina D.B.Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA present address:Athens GAUSA present address:Laboratorio de Genómica Ecológica y Evolutiva IrapuatoGtoMéxico present address:Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT Av.Cnel.Carlos BóvedaParque Ecológico Capital-Viñas CuéAsunciónParaguay present address:instituto Saite AsunciónParaguay present address:the Ronin institute MontclairNJUSA present address:instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CABAArgentina

Background:Reconciling agriculture and biodiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural *** recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification affecting biodiversity and associated ecosystem *** agroecosystems,the level of habitat quality is critical for birds,and may depend on vegetation structure,availability of invertebrate prey,and the use of *** the relationship between vegetation structure and avian occurrence has been widely studied,to our knowledge,there are no studies that also incorporate prey availability throughout the cycle of soybean crops in *** estimated and predicted the effects of land cover and temporal variation on the occurrence of avian foraging guilds in Entre Ríos,Argentina,in order to guide management related to potential ecosystem services provided by *** also estimated temporal effects of vegetation structure and insecticides on the main arthropod orders consumed by birds to evaluate prey ***:We conducted bird and arthropod surveys for 2 years along transects located in 20 randomly selected soybean fields(N=60)and their adjacent borders(N=78)throughout the crop growing season,in four *** estimated avian occupancy,accounting for imperfect detection,and arthropod counts fitting generalized linear mixed ***:the number of native trees in field borders positively influenced the occurrence of most bird species,mainly *** foliage gleaners,also were positively affected by grass *** and aerial foragers were weakly affected by distance to forest and native *** general,the availability of invertebrates to birds was highest during the third *** counts in borders were greater during the last three crop stages than during the pre-sowing ***:We found that with 10 to 15 native tree species in borders,coupled with a complex vegetation structure w

关键词： Agriculture Birds Ecosystem services Insecticide Insectivores Invertebrates Management Native trees Occurrence

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Electronic properties of wurtzite GaAs： A correlated structural, optical, and theoretical analysis of the same polytypic GaAs nanowire

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4708-4721页

作者： Alexander Senichev Pierre Corfdir Oliver Brandt Manfred Ramsteiner Steffen Breuer Jorg Schilling Lutz Geelhaar Peter Werner Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Mikrostrukturl)hysik Halle 06120 Germany PauI-Drude-lnstitut for Festkorperelektronik Berlin 10117 Germany Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle 06120 Germany present address: Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA present address: Fraunhofer HHI Berlin 10587 Germany present address: ABB Corporate Research Baden-Dattwi15405 Switzerland

III-V compound semiconductor nanowires are generally characterized by the coexistence of zincblende and wurtzite structures. So far, this polytypism has impeded the determination of the electronic properties of the metastable wurtzite phase of GaAs, which thus remain highly controversial. In an effort to obtain new insights into this topic, we cross-correlate nanoscale spectral imaging by near-field scanning optical microscopy with a transmission electron microscopy analysis of the very same polytypic GaAs nanowire dispersed onto a Si wafer. thus, spatially resolved photoluminescence spectra could be unambiguously assigned to nanowire segments whose structure is known with lattice-resolved accuracy. An emission energy of 1.528 eV was observed from extended zincblende segments, revealing that the dispersed nanowire was under uniaxial strain presumably due to interaction with its supporting substrate. these crucial information and the emission energy obtained for extended pure wurtzite segments were used to perform envelope function calculations of zincblende quantum disks in a wurtzite matrix as well as the inverse structure. In these calculations, we varied the fundamental bandgap, the electron mass, and the band offset between zincblende and wurtzite GaAs. From this multi-parameter comparison with the experimental data, we deduced that the bandgap between the F8 conduction and A valence band ranges from 1.532 to 1.539 eV in strain-free wurtzite GaAs, and estimated values of 1.507 to 1.514 eV for the F7-A bandgap.

关键词： nanowires crystal-phase quantumstructures wurtzite GaAs strain near-field scanning optical microscopy photoluminescence

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In Situ TEM Observation of the Gasification and Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Using Iron Catalysts

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Nano Research 2011年第8期4卷 767-779页

作者： Xiaofeng Feng See Wee Chee Renu Sharma Kai Liu Xu Xie Qunqing Li Shoushan Fan Kaili Jiang Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Leroy Eyring Center for Solid State Science Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA present address： Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA present address： Department of Materials Science and Engineerig Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA present address： National institute of Science and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA present address： Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

We report the in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of the catalytic gasification and growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It was found that iron catalysts can consume the CNTs when pumping out the precursor gas, acetylene, at the growth temperature, and reinitiate the growth when acetylene is re-introduced. the switching between gasification and growth of CNTs can be repeated many times with the same catalyst. To understand the phenomenon, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectroscopy was used to study the mechanism involved. It was shown that the residual water molecules in the growth chamber of the TEM react with and remove carbon atoms of CNTs as carbon monoxide vapor under the action of the catalyst, when the precursor gas is pumped out. this result contributes to a better understanding of the water-assisted and oxygen-assisted synthesis of CNT arrays, and provides useful clues on how to extend the lifetime and improve the activity of the catalysts.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes gasification growth iron catalyst environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

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Unraveling the optomechanical nature of plasmonic trapping

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 708-713页

作者： Pau Mestres Johann Berthelot Srdjan S Aćimović Romain Quidant ICFO-institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860 BarcelonaSpain present address:Aix Marseille Université CNRSCentrale MarseilleInstitut Fresnel UMR 724913397 MarseilleFrance present address:Department of Applied Physics Chalmers University of TechnologyFysikgränd 3SE-41296 GöteborgSweden ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats 08010 BarcelonaSpain

Noninvasive and ultra-accurate optical manipulation of nanometer objects has recently gained interest as a powerful tool in nanotechnology and ***-induced back-action(SIBA)trapping in nano-optical cavities has the unique potential for trapping and manipulating nanometer-sized objects under low optical ***,thus far,the existence of the SIBA effect has been shown only indirectly via its enhanced trapping *** this article,we present the first time direct experimental evidence of the self-reconfiguration of the optical potential that is experienced by a nanoparticle trapped in a plasmonic *** observations enable us to gain further understanding of the SIBA mechanism and to determine the optimal conditions for boosting the performances of SIBA-based nano-optical tweezers.

关键词： nanophotonics optomechanics optical trapping plasmonics

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