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Attentional Ptycho-Tomography(APT)for three-dimensional nanoscale X-ray imaging with minimal data acquisition and computation time

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1127-1140页

作者： Iksung Kang Ziling Wu Yi Jiang Yudong Yao Junjing Deng Jeffrey Klug Stefan Vogt George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL 60439USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore present address:Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA present address:Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore present address:Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech University201210 ShanghaiChina

Noninvasive X-ray imaging of nanoscale three-dimensional objects,such as integrated circuits(ICs),generally requires two types of scanning:ptychographic,which is translational and returns estimates of the complex electromagnetic field through the IC;combined with a tomographic scan,which collects these complex field projections from multiple ***,we present Attentional Ptycho-Tomography(APT),an approach to drastically reduce the amount of angular scanning,and thus the total acquisition *** is machine learning-based,utilizing axial self-Attention for Ptycho-Tomographic *** is trained to obtain accurate reconstructions of the ICs,despite the incompleteness of the *** training process includes regularizing priors in the form of typical patterns found in IC interiors,and the physics of X-ray propagation through the *** show that APT with×12 reduced angles achieves fidelity comparable to the gold standard Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique(SART)with the original set of *** using the same set of reduced angles,then APT also outperforms Filtered Back Projection(FBP),Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique(SIRT)and *** time needed to compute the reconstruction is also reduced,because the trained neural network is a forward operation,unlike the iterative nature of these *** experiments show that,without loss in quality,for a 4.48×93.2×3.92µm^(3) IC(≃6×10^(8) voxels),APT reduces the total data acquisition and computation time from 67.96 h to 38 *** expect our physics-assisted and attention-utilizing machine learning framework to be applicable to other branches of nanoscale imaging,including materials science and biological imaging.

关键词： utilizing computation interior

Decomposition of biomass gasification tar model compounds over waste tire pyrolysis char

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第2期4卷 75-89页

作者： Amal S.Al-Rahbi Paul T.Williams present address:Applied Sciences Department Higher College of TechnologyUniversity of Technology and Applied SciencesMuscatSultanate of Oman school of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Gasification of biomass produces a syngas containing trace amounts of viscous hydrocarbon tar,which causes serious problems in downstream pipelines,valves and processing *** study focuses on the use of tire-derived pyrolysis char for tar conversion using biomass tar model compounds representative of *** catalytic decomposition of tar model compounds,including methylnaphthalene,furfural,phenol,and toluene,over tire char was investigated using a fixed bed reactor at a bed temperature of 700℃and 60 min time on *** influence of temperature,reaction time,porous texture,and acidity of the tire char was investigated with the use of methylnaphthalene as the tar model *** tar model compounds were found to have higher conversion than those containing a single or multi-aromatic *** reactivity of tar compounds followed the order of furfural>phenol>toluene>*** conversion of the model compounds in the presence of the tire char was much higher than tar thermal *** production increased dramatically with the introduction of tire *** H_(2)potential for the studied tar model compounds was found to be in the range of 40%–50%.The activity of tire char for naphthalene removal was compared with two commercial activated carbons possessing a very well-developed porous *** results suggest that the influence of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the carbon on tar cracking is negligible compared with the mineral content in the carbon samples.

关键词： Biomass Gasification Syngas Tar Tire Char

Relationship between species richness,taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity and effects of habitat disturbance in the riparian spider community of the Ganga River,India

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 204-216页

作者： Kritish De Amar Paul Singh Arkojyoti Sarkar Kritika Singh Manju Siliwal Virendra Prasad Uniyal Syed Ainul Hussain Wildlife Institute of India ChandrabaniDehradun 248001India present address:Department of Life Sciences Sri Sathya Sai University for Human ExcellenceNavanihalOkali PostKamalapurKalaburagiKarnataka 585313India

Background In the riverine riparian ecosystem,particularly in India,the knowledge of the effects of habitat disturbance on taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity(LCBD)of spider community is *** present study examined the relationships between the index of taxonomic distinctness(Δ^(+)),index of variation in taxonomic distinctness(λ^(+)),functional evenness(FEve),functional divergence(FDiv),functional dispersion(FDis),and LCBD of spider community of the Ganga River and the effects of habitat disturbance on these indices.A total of 27 sampling sites were selected along the bank of the Ganga *** on the rating of the disturbance scores,the sites were classified into lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed *** understand the relationships between species richness,Δ^(+),λ^(+),FDis,FDiv,FEve,LCBD,and habitat disturbance score,Pearson’s correlation was calculated,followed by the linear regression *** one-way multivariate analysis of variance was used to find differences in taxonomic distinctness and functional diversity in the different disturbed *** Significant relationships were found betweenλ^(+)andΔ^(+),FDis andΔ^(+),FDis andλ^(+),FDiv and species richness,FEve and species richness,FEve andλ^(+),FEve and habitat disturbance,LCBD and FEve,and LCBD and habitat disturbance.A significant difference was present in the indices of functional diversity between the lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed ***,garbage dump,human settlement,and created embankment influenced the spider community’sλ^(+),FEve,and *** Unrestrained anthropogenic activities exacerbate habitat disturbance by affecting ecological ***,understanding linkages between ecosystem disturbance,taxonomic,functional,andβdiversity can be fundamental to managing and conserving natural *** work highlights the importance of including taxonomic and functional diversity to comprehend the impact of habit

关键词： Habitat disturbance Taxonomic distinctness Functional evenness Functional divergence Functional dispersion Local contribution to beta diversity Spider community Riparian area Ganga River

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Two distinct subpopulations of marginal zone B cells exhibit differential antibody-producing capacities and radioresistance

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 393-408页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko Hyun Woo Lee Won Joon Oh Hun Gi Hong Dinuka Ariyaratne Se Jin Im Tae Jin Kim Department of Immunology Graduate School of Basic Medical ScienceSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka present address:Immunology and Microbiology Graduate Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA

Marginal zone(MZ)B cells,which are splenic innate-like B cells that rapidly secrete antibodies(Abs)against blood-borne pathogens,are composed of heterogeneous ***,we showed that MZ B cells can be divided into two distinct subpopulations according to their CD80 expression ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited greater Ab-producing,proliferative,and IL-10-secreting capacities than did CD80^(low)MZ B ***,CD80^(high)MZ B cells survived 2-Gy whole-body irradiation,whereas CD80^(low)MZ B cells were depleted by irradiation and then repleted with one month after *** of CD80^(low)MZ B cells led to accelerated development of type II collagen(CII)-induced arthritis upon immunization with bovine ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited higher expression of genes involved in proliferation,plasma cell differentiation,and the antioxidant ***80^(high)MZ B cells expressed more autoreactive B cell receptors(BCRs)that recognized double-stranded DNA or CII,expressed more immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences with shorter complementarity-determining region 3 sequences,and included more clonotypes with no N-nucleotides or with B-1a BCR sequences than CD80^(low)MZ B *** transfer experiments showed that CD21^(+)CD23^(+)transitional 2 MZ precursors preferentially generated CD80^(low)MZ B cells and that a proportion of CD80^(low)MZ B cells were converted into CD80^(high)MZ B cells;in contrast,CD80^(high)MZ B cells stably remained CD80^(high)MZ B *** summary,MZ B cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their CD80 expression levels,Ab-producing capacity,radioresistance,and autoreactivity,and these findings may suggest a hierarchical composition of MZ B cells with differential stability and BCR specificity.

关键词： Marginal Zone B Cell CD80 Autoreactivity Radioresistance

Potential for broad-scale transmission of Ebola virus disease during the West Africa crisis:lessons for the Global Health security agenda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1419-1428页

作者： Eduardo A.Undurraga Cristina Carias Martin I.Meltzer Emily B.Kahn National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA present address:school of government Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoRegión MetropolitanaChile

Background:The 2014-2016 Ebola crisis in West Africa had approximately eight times as many reported deaths as the sum of all previous Ebola *** outbreak magnitude and occurrence of multiple Ebola cases in at least seven countries beyond Liberia,Sierra Leone,and Guinea,hinted at the possibility of broad-scale transmission of *** text:Using a modeling tool developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the Ebola outbreak,we estimated the number of Ebola cases that might have occurred had the disease spread beyond the three countries in West Africa to cities in other countries at high risk for disease transmission(based on late 2014 air travel patterns).We estimated Ebola cases in three scenarios:a delayed response,a Liberia-like response,and a fast response *** on our estimates of the number of Ebola cases that could have occurred had Ebola spread to other countries beyond the West African foci,we emphasize the need for improved levels of preparedness and response to public health threats,which is the goal of the Global Health Security *** estimates suggest that Ebola could have potentially spread widely beyond the West Africa foci,had local and international health workers and organizations not committed to a major response *** results underscore the importance of rapid detection and initiation of an effective,organized response,and the challenges faced by countries with limited public health *** lessons for strengthening local public health systems in countries at high risk of disease transmission include increasing health personnel,bolstering primary and critical healthcare facilities,developing public health infrastructure(*** capacity),and improving disease *** stronger local public health systems infectious disease outbreaks would still occur,but their rapid escalation would be considerably less likely,minimizing the impact of public health threats such as Eb

关键词： Ebola virus Global health Transmission Epidemics Viruses Communicable diseases Western Africa Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone

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Bioactivity analysis of the Ta（Ⅴ） doped SiO2–Ca O–Na2O–P2O5 ceramics prepared by solid state sintering method

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第1期26卷 41-48页

作者： Rehana Zia Madeeha Riaz Nida ul nasir Farhat Saleemi Zora Kayani Safia Anjum Farooq Bashir Tousif Hussain Department of Physics Lahore College for Women University government College for Women University CASP Government College

The main objective of the study was to control the degradation rate of material at a higher degradation rate improving the chemical stability of the material. Ta is known to have good chemical resistance, biocompatibility and show no adverse biological response. In the present study, Si O2–Na2O–Ca O–P2O5bioceramics with different Ta2O5contents was prepared by solid state sintering method at 1000 °C. The as-sintered ceramics were subjected to immersion studies in stimulated body fluid（SBF） for 21 days under static condition and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and AAS. The findings of the research indicate that the addition of Ta2O5controlled degradability, and all samples showed sufficient bioactivity.

关键词： Crystallization Bioactivity Ta2O5 Degradation rate Bioceramic

Assessing the Scale and Potential of Chinese Investment Overseas:An Econometric Approach

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China & World Economy 2011年第4期19卷 22-37页

作者： Shiro Armstrong Crawford school of Economies and government Australian National University

The recent rise in Chinese outward direct investment （ODI） has significant global implicatzons and impacts on host country policy. The present paper attempts to provide a theoretical basis and to define a robust econometric approach to assess the performance and potential of Chinese ODI. In this paper, foreign direct investment （FDI） performance is estimated using a frontier FDI model to measure how foreign investors, especially China, and the recipients of this direct investment perform relative to a benchmark of potential FDI. The results show that Chinese ODI achieves less of its potential compared with other investors. However, its ODI to Australia has performed much better than investment to other destinations. The results suggest that Chinese policy-makers should look at the pattern of China＇s ODI and, in light of superior performance in destinations like Australia, adjust policy strategies and institutional arrangements to enhance performance and reduce barriers to Chinese ODI.

关键词： Chinese investment foreign direct investment spatial linkage

Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of China's State-owned Outward Direct Investment in OECD and Non-OECD Countries

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China & World Economy 2011年第4期19卷 74-91页

作者： Luke Hurst Crawford school of Economics and government The Australian National University

Chinese outward direct investment （ODI） is expanding at an unprecedented rate. The present study augments the understanding of the determinants and drivers of Chinese ODI. It reviews the literature on Chinese 0191 and analyzes investment by state-owned enterprises （SOE） for the period 2003-2008, focusing specifically on the differences between the determinants of Chinese investment in developed （OECD） and developing （non-OECD） economies. In addition, the study assesses the appropriateness of the general framework used for investigating ODI determinants （Dunning＇s eclectic paradigm） to analyze the experience of Chinese SOE. The findings indicate that Dunning＇s eclectic paradigm provides an excellent theoretical framework for analyzing the determinants of Chinese SOE investment in developed countries, and provides a good starting point for analysis of Chinese investment in developing countries. However, Dunning＇s specification requires refinement for developing countries. This paper finds a distinct difference between the motivations for Chinese SOE investment in developed and developing countries.

关键词： China investment determinants outward direct investment state-owned enterprise

Thermophysical properties of iridium at finite temperature

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第11期25卷 404-411页

作者： Priyank Kumar N K Bhatt P R Vyas V B Gohel Department of Science Government PolytechnicGandhinagar Department of Physics Sardar Patel University Department of Physics School of Science Gujarat University

The bulk properties of materials in an extreme environment such as high temperature and high pressure can be understood by studying anharmonic effects due to the vibration of lattice ions and thermally excited *** this spirit,in the present paper,anharmonic effects are studied by using the recently proposed mean-field potential（MFP） approach and Mermin functional which arise due to the vibration of lattice ions and thermally excited electrons,*** MFP experienced by a wanderer atom in the presence of surrounding atoms is constructed in terms of cold energy using the local form of the *** have calculated the temperature variation of several thermophysical properties in an extreme environment up to melting *** results of our calculations are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings as well as the theoretical results obtained by using first principle *** conclude that presently used conjunction scheme（MFP＋pseudo potential） is simple computationally,transparent physically,and accurate in the sense that the results generated are comparable and sometimes better than the results obtained by first principle *** pseudopotential used is transferable to extreme environment without adjusting its parameters.

关键词： extreme experienced melting presently excited thermally sometimes understood comparable conclude