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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 195-196页

作者： Hyun Sung Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Medical Research Institute and Department of PharmacologyPusan National University School of MedicineYangsanRepublic of Korea

Neurons are highly polarized,morphologically asymmetric,and functionally compartmentalized cells that contain long axons extending from the cell *** this reason,their maintenance relies on spatiotemporal regulation of organelle distribution between the somatodendritic and axonal *** some organelles,such as mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,are widely distributed throughout the neuron,others are segregated to either the somatodendritic or axonal *** example,Golgi outposts and acidified lysosomes are predominantly present in the somatodendritic domain and rarely distributed along the axon,whereas newly formed autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles are mainly distributed in the distal axon(Britt et al.,2016).

关键词： organelle regulation distribution

Spinal Cord Stimulation Enhances Microglial Activation in the Spinal Cord of Nerve-Injured Rats

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第12期36卷 1441-1453页

作者： Bin Shu Shao-Qiu He Yun Guan Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA present address:Department of Anesthesiology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Neurological Surgery School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Microglia can modulate spinal nociceptive ***,their role in spinal cord stimulation(SCS)-induced pain inhibition is ***,we examined how SCS affects microglial activation in the lumbar cord of rats with chronic constriction injury(CCI)of the sciatic *** rats received conventional SCS(50 Hz,80%motor threshold,180 min,2 sessions/day)or sham stimulation on days 18-20 *** transiently attenuated the mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral hind paw and increased OX-42 immunoreactivity in the bilateral dorsal *** also upregulated the mRNAs of Ml-like markers,but not M2-like *** NOS protein expression was increased,but brain-derived neurotrophic factor was decreased after *** minocycline(1μg-100μg),which inhibits microglial activation,dosedependently attenuated the mechanical *** with low-dose minocycline(1μg,30 min)prolonged the SCS-induced pain *** findings suggest that conventional SCS may paradoxically increase spinal M1-like microglial activity and thereby compromise its own ability to inhibit pain.

关键词： Spinal cord stimulation Microglia Neuropathic pain Spinal cord Rat

Lyα science from the LST aboard the ASO-S mission

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第11期19卷 131-138页

作者： Angelos Vourlidas johns hopkins university Applied Physics Laboratory

We review the status of solar Lyαscience in anticipation of the upcoming Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,planned for a late 2021(or 2022)*** mission carries a pair of the LyαSolar Telescopes(LST)capable of high resolution disk and off-limb imaging,which will provide the first synoptic Lyαimaging observations of the solar *** discuss the history of Lyαimaging and latest results,and outline the open questions that ASO-S could ***-S will launch at an optimal time for Lyα*** other Lyαtelescopes will be in *** identify the synergies between ASO-S and other missions as well as serendipitous non-solar science *** conclude that ASO-S has the potential for breakthrough observations and discoveries in the chromosphere-corona interface where the Lyαemission is the major player.

关键词： Sun atmosphere-Sun corona-Sun UV radiation-Sun activity-telescopes

Differentiation of lethal and non lethal prostate cancer： PSA and PSA isoforms and kinetics

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 355-360,I0004页

作者： H Ballentine Carter Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD 21287-2101 USA

Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer has led to a decrease in cancer mortality. However, the high prevalence of low-grade prostate cancer and its long natural history, competing causes of death in older men and treatment patterns of prostate cancer, have led to dramatic overtreatment of the disease. Improved markers of prostate cancer lethality are needed to reduce the overtreatment of prostate cancer that leads to a reduced quality of life without extending life for a high proportion of men. The PSA level prior to treatment is routinely used in multivariable models to predict prostate cancer aggressiveness. PSA isoforms and PSA kinetics have been associated with more aggressive phenotypes, but are not routinely employed as part of prediction tools prior to treatment. PSA kinetics is a valuable marker of lethality post treatment and routinely used in determininE the need for salva=e theraov.

关键词： benign PSA human kallikrein 2 precursor form of PSA prostate specific antigen PSA kinetics unbound or free PSA

Occupancy of avian foraging guilds in soybean fields and borders in Entre Ríos, Argentina: responses to vegetation structure and prey resources

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 398-411页

作者： Andrea P.Goijman Michael J.Conroy Vanina D.Varni Jeffrey J.Thompson María Elena Zaccagnini Instituto de Recursos Biológicos CIRNInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(CNIA-INTA)HurlinghamBuenos AiresArgentina D.B.Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA present address:Athens GAUSA present address:Laboratorio de Genómica Ecológica y Evolutiva IrapuatoGtoMéxico present address:Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT Av.Cnel.Carlos BóvedaParque Ecológico Capital-Viñas CuéAsunciónParaguay present address:Instituto Saite AsunciónParaguay present address:The Ronin Institute MontclairNJUSA present address:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CABAArgentina

Background:Reconciling agriculture and biodiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural *** recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification affecting biodiversity and associated ecosystem *** agroecosystems,the level of habitat quality is critical for birds,and may depend on vegetation structure,availability of invertebrate prey,and the use of *** the relationship between vegetation structure and avian occurrence has been widely studied,to our knowledge,there are no studies that also incorporate prey availability throughout the cycle of soybean crops in *** estimated and predicted the effects of land cover and temporal variation on the occurrence of avian foraging guilds in Entre Ríos,Argentina,in order to guide management related to potential ecosystem services provided by *** also estimated temporal effects of vegetation structure and insecticides on the main arthropod orders consumed by birds to evaluate prey ***:We conducted bird and arthropod surveys for 2 years along transects located in 20 randomly selected soybean fields(N=60)and their adjacent borders(N=78)throughout the crop growing season,in four *** estimated avian occupancy,accounting for imperfect detection,and arthropod counts fitting generalized linear mixed ***:The number of native trees in field borders positively influenced the occurrence of most bird species,mainly *** foliage gleaners,also were positively affected by grass *** and aerial foragers were weakly affected by distance to forest and native *** general,the availability of invertebrates to birds was highest during the third *** counts in borders were greater during the last three crop stages than during the pre-sowing ***:We found that with 10 to 15 native tree species in borders,coupled with a complex vegetation structure w

关键词： Agriculture Birds Ecosystem services Insecticide Insectivores Invertebrates Management Native trees Occurrence

Convergence of random zeros on complex manifolds

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Science China Mathematics 2008年第4期51卷 707-720页

作者： Bernard SHIFFMAN Department of Mathematics Johns Hopkins University

We show that the zeros of random sequences of Gaussian systems of polynomials of increasing degree almost surely converge to the expected limit distribution under very general hypotheses. In particular, the normalized distribution of zeros of systems of m polynomials of degree N, orthonormalized on a regular compact set K ? ? m , almost surely converge to the equilibrium measure on K as N → ∞.

关键词： random polynomial ample line bundle zeros of holomorphic sections equilibrium measure 32A60 32L10 60G99

Molecular profiling of indolent human prostate cancer： tackling technical challenges to achieve high-fidelity genome-wide data

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 385-392,I0005页

作者： Thomas A. Dunn Helen L. Fedor Angelo M. De Marzo Jun Luo Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21287 USA

The contemporary problem of prostate cancer overtreatment can be partially attributed to the diagnosis of potentially indolent prostate cancers that pose low risk to aged men, and lack of sufficiently accurate risk stratification methods to reliably seek out men with indolent diseases. Since progressive acquisition and accumulation of genomic alterations, both genetic and epigenetic, is a defining feature of all human cancers at different stages of disease progression, it is hypothesized that RNA and DNA alterations characteristic of indolent prostate tumors may be different from those previously characterized in the setting of clinically significant prostate cancer. Approaches capable of detecting such alterations on a genome-wide level are the most promising. Such analysis may uncover molecular events defining early initiating stages along the natural history of prostate cancer progression, and ultimately lead to rational development of risk stratification methods for identification of men who can safely forego treatment. However, defining and characterizing indolent prostate cancer in a clinically relevant context remains a challenge, particularly when genome-wide approaches are employed to profile formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded （FFPE） tissue specimens. Here, we provide the conceptual basis underlying the importance of understanding indolent prostate cancer from molecular profiling studies, identify the key hurdles in sample acquisition and variables that affect molecular data derived from FFPE tissues, and highlight recent progresses in efforts to address these technical challenges.

关键词： active surveillance formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded indolent prostate cancer microarray molecular profiling prostatecancer prostate cancer progression risk stratification

Bioinspired nanocomposites with self-adaptive mechanical properties

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 633-648页

作者： Grant Kitchen Bohan Sun Sung Hoon Kang 13400 N Charles St Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 23400 N Charles St Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 33400 N Charles St Hopkins Extreme Materials InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA

Conventional synthetic materials have fixed mechanical properties and suffer defects,damage,and degradation over *** makes them unable to adapt to changing environments and leads to limited ***,self-adaptive materials inspired by natural materials have emerged as a solution to address these *** the ability to change their mechanical properties based on changing mechanical environments,repairing defects,and maintaining their mechanical properties,these materials can lead to improved performance while decreasing *** this review,we explore self-adaptive phenomena found in nature that have inspired the development of synthetic self-adaptive materials,and the mechanisms that have been employed to create the next generation of *** potential applications of these materials,the challenges that existing approaches face,and future research opportunities are also discussed.

关键词： nanocomposites self-adaptive materials bioinspired materials force-activated resilience

A Review of Deep Learning Applications in Lung Ultrasound Imaging of COVID-19 Patients

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 31-47页

作者： Lingyi Zhao Muyinatu A.Lediju Bell Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA

The massive and continuous spread of COVID-19 has motivated researchers around the world to intensely explore,understand,and develop new techniques for diagnosis and *** lung ultrasound imaging is a less established approach when compared to other medical imaging modalities such as X-ray and CT,multiple studies have demonstrated its promise to diagnose COVID-19 *** the same time,many deep learning models have been built to improve the diagnostic efficiency of medical *** integration of these initially parallel efforts has led multiple researchers to report deep learning applications in medical imaging of COVID-19 patients,most of which demonstrate the outstanding potential of deep learning to aid in the diagnosis of *** invited review is focused on deep learning applications in lung ultrasound imaging of COVID-19 and provides a comprehensive overview of ultrasound systems utilized for data acquisition,associated datasets,deep learning models,and comparative performance.

关键词： diagnosis lung Lung

FAST W TRANSFORM——ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMS

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Science China Mathematics 1989年第3期32卷 338-350页

作者：王中德 Beijing university of Posts & Telecommunications present address:Beijing university of Posts & Telecommunications.

The W transform is an approach to spectrum analysis in real domain. There are fourcommonly used types of the discrete W transform (DWT), all of which may be appliedto digital signal processing. In this paper, new fast algorithms for computing the fourtypes of the DWT are introduced. These algorithms are simple in structure and moreefficient than any other algorithms for the DWT. FORTRAN subroutines to realize thesealgorithms have been provided.

关键词： fast algorithm W transform spectral analysis.