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Translational Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics during Effector-Triggered Immunity

Molecular plant 2020年第1期13卷 88-98页

作者： Heejin Yoo George H.Greene Meng Yuan Guoyong Xu Derek Burton Lijing Liu Jorge Marques Xinnian Dong Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of BiologyDuke UniversityBox 90338DurhamNC 27708USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural University430070 WuhanChina present address:department of plant Biology Ecologyand EvolutionOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA present address:National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China present address:Key Laboratory of plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina present address:David H.Murdock Research Institute KannapolisNC 28081USA

Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity,when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns.However,it is not fully known whether translational regulation also occurs in subsequent immune responses,such as effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In this study,we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis upon RPS2-mediated ETI activation and discovered that specific groups of genes were translationally regulated,mostly in coordination with transcription.These genes encode enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid,phenylpropanoid,camalexin,and sphingolipid metabolism.The functional significance of these components in ETI was confirmed by genetic and biochemical analyses.Our findings provide new insights into diverse translational regulation of plant immune responses and demonstrate that translational coordination of metabolic gene expression is an important strategy for ETI.

关键词： translational regulation ribosome profiling effector-triggered immunity,ETI phenylalanine phenylpropanoids helper receptors

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入侵植物根茎的生长和竞争力因相邻植物的不同而不同

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Journal of plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 638-647页

作者： Alyssa Laney Smith Daniel Z.Atwater Wonjae Kim David C.Haak Jacob N.Barney School of plant and Environmental sciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA department of Biology Earlham CollegeRichmondINUSA present address:department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

物种内的遗传和表型变异对进化过程的影响已众所周知,但人们对种内变异如何影响群落水平过程还知之甚少。在人类对自然系统造成影响的大背景下,由于人类活动可能会产生巨大的选择压力,因此具有生态意义的种内变异可能会特别重要。在一... 详细信息

物种内的遗传和表型变异对进化过程的影响已众所周知,但人们对种内变异如何影响群落水平过程还知之甚少。在人类对自然系统造成影响的大背景下,由于人类活动可能会产生巨大的选择压力,因此具有生态意义的种内变异可能会特别重要。在一项温室实验中,我们研究了一种分布广泛的入侵物种和农业杂草石茅(Sorghum halepense)在受到种间竞争、种内竞争和土壤肥力的影响时,其在生物量和根茎方面发生的种内变异和生态型变异。与我们的预期和此前的研究结果不同的是,我们并没有在这一早期生命阶段中发现石茅各生态型生物量的改变。然而,我们确实发现石茅的生物量会随着竞争植株种类和土壤施肥方式的不同而发生很显著的变化,同时不同株之间也存在很大差异。农业生态型的根茎较其它生态型大了11%,经施肥处理后的增大幅度更高至3倍;虽然施肥后的根茎生物量增加了~50%,但生态型之间却并无差异。有趣的是,当受到种内竞争时,与玉米(Zea mays)发生种间竞争时的情况相比,石茅的生物量和根茎生物量产出分别减少了32%和20%。我们的研究结果表明,针对相邻植株的种类而发生的物种特异性竞争响应以及根茎分配的改变,石茅在受竞争时可能会产生适应性响应,从而使分配情况发生改变。

关键词：适应农业竞争外来入侵选择石茅(Sorghum halepense)

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A plant SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 Family Mediates Cell-to-Cell Trafficking of RNAi Signals

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Molecular plant 2020年第2期13卷 321-335页

作者： Yan Yan Byung-Kook Ham Yee Hang Chong Shyi-Dong Yeh William J.Lucas department of plant Biology College of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA department of plant Pathology National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung present address:Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4J8Canada present address:department of Biology University of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada

In plants,RNA interference(RNAi)plays a pivotal role in growth and development,and responses to environmental inputs,including pathogen attack.The intercellular and systemic trafficking of small interfering RNA(siRNA)/microRNA(miRNA)is a central component in this regulatory pathway.Currently,little is known with regards to the molecular agents involved in the movement of these si/miRNAs.To address this situation,we employed a biochemical approach to identify and characterize a conserved SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1(SRBP1)family that mediates non-cell-autonomous small RNA(sRNA)trafficking.In Arabidopsis,AtSRBP1 is a glycine-rich(GR)RNA-binding protein,also known as AtGRP7,which we show binds single-stranded siRNA.A viral vector,Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV),was employed to functionally characterized the AtSRBP1-4(AtGRP7/2/4/8)RNA recognition motif and GR domains.Cellular-based studies revealed the GR domain as being necessary and sufficient for SRBP1 cell-to-cell movement.Taken together,our findings provide a foundation for future research into the mechanism and function of mobile sRNA signaling agents in plants.

关键词： RNAi small RNA-binding protein family small RNA movement non-cell-autonomous protein glycinerich protein

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Improved Growth and Stress Tolerance in the Arabidopsis oxtl Mutant Triggered by Altered Adenine Metabolism

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Molecular plant 2012年第6期5卷 1310-1332页

作者： Suchada Sukrong Kil-Young Yun Patrizia Stadler Charan Kumar Tony Facciuolo Barbara A.Moffatt Deane L.Falconec department of plant and Soil Science University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA present address:department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand department of Biological sciences University of MassachusettsOne University AvenueLowellMA 01854USA present address:Fungi and plant Co.Ltd Chungcheongbuk-doRepublic of Korea department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses with complex mechanisms that are often associ- ated with the activation of antioxidant defenses. A genetic screen aimed at isolating oxidative stress-tolerant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana has identified oxtl, a line that exhibits improved tolerance to oxidative stress and elevated temperature but displays no apparent deleterious growth effects under non-stress conditions. Oxtl harbors a muta- tion that arises from the altered expression of a gene encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase （APT1）, an enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate （AMP）, indicating a link between purine metabolism, whole-plant growth responses, and stress acclimation. The oxtl mutation results in decreased APT1 expression that leads to reduced enzymatic activity. Correspondingly, oxtl plants possess elevated levels of adenine. Decreased APT enzyme activity dir- ectly correlates with stress resistance in transgenic lines that ectopically express APT1. The metabolic alteration in oxtl plants also alters the expression of several antioxidant defense genes and the response of these genes to oxidative chal- lenge. Finally, it is shown that manipulation of adenine levels can induce stress tolerance to wild-type plants. Collectively, these results show that alterations in cellular adenine levels can trigger stress tolerance and improve growth, leading to increases in plant biomass. The results also suggest that adenine might play a part in the signals that modulate responses to abiotic stress and plant growth.

关键词： abiotic/oxidative environmental stress acclimation priming purine signaling salvage pathway thermotolerance.

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Functional Cooperativity of Enzymes of Phosphoinositide Conversion According to Synergistic Effects on Pectin Secretion in Tobacco Pollen Tubes

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Molecular plant 2010年第5期3卷 870-881页

作者： Till Ischebeck Linh Hai Vu Xu Jin Irene Stenzel Christian Lofke Ingo Heilmann department of plant Biochemistry Albrecht-von-Haller-lnstitute for Plant Sciences Georg-August-University Gottingen Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11 37077 Guttingen Germany present address: Center for Biochemistry Cologne University Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 52 50931 Cologne Germany present address: department of Forest Botany Georg-August-University Gottingen Busgenweg 2 37077 Gottingen Germany present address: department of plant Cell Biology Albrecht-von-Haller-lnstitute for Plant Sciences Georg-August-University Gottingen Untere Karspule 2 37073 Gottingen Germany

The Arabidopsis phosphoinositide kinases PI4Kβ1 and PIP5K5 have been implicated in the control of directional vesicle trafficking underlying polar tip growth in pollen tubes. PI4Kβ1 and PIP5K5 catalyze key consecutive steps of phosphoinositide conversion, and it appears obvious that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate formed by PI4Kβ1 might act as a substrate for phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate formation by PIP5K5. However, this hypothesis has not been experimentally addressed and distinct localization patterns of PI4Kβ1, PIP5K5, and also PI-synthases （PIS） generating phosphatidylinositol suggest additional complexity. Here, the synergistic functionality of enzymes of phosphoinositide conversion was assessed. In tobacco and Arabidopsis pollen tubes, phosphoinositides influence the apical secretion of pectin, and increased pectin deposition results in characteristic morphological alterations. Catalytically active and dominant negative variants of PI4Kβ1 and PIP5K5 were systematically co-expressed in tobacco pollen tubes and the incidence of morphologies related to enhanced pectin secretion was evaluated. The data support a proposed functional interplay of PI4Kβ1 and PIP5K5 at the trans-Golgi network, mediating directional vesicle trafficking. Co-expression experiments additionally including PIS isoforms, PIS1 or PIS2, indicate that pectin secretion is synergistically mediated by PI4Kβ1 and PIPSK5 acting on Ptdlns formed by PIS2 rather than PIS1. Possible ramifications for the preferential channeling of phosphoinositide intermediates between particular isoforms of PI pathway enzymes are discussed.

关键词： Phosphatidylinositol synthase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase cooperativity pectin secretion pollen tubes.

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nitiation of ER Body Formation and Indole Glucosinolate Metabolism by the Plastidia Retrograde Signaling Metabolite, MEcPP

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Molecular plant 2017年第11期10卷 1400-1416页

作者： Jin-Zheng Wang Baohua Li Yanmei Xiao Yu Ni Haiyan Ke Panyu Yang Amancio de Souza Marta Bjornson Xiang He Zhouxin Shen Gerd Ulrich Balcke Steve P. Briggs Alain Tissier Daniel J. Kliebenstein Katayoon Dehesh Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and department of Botany and plant sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA department of plant Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA department of plant sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Division of Biological sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz-lnstitute of Plant Biochemistry Halle Germany present address: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing P.R. China present address: Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Changdu Sichuan 611130 China

plants have evolved tightly regulated signaling networks to respond and adapt to environmental perturbations, but the nature of the signaling hub（s） involved have remained an enigma. We have previously established that methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate （MEcPP）, a precursor of plastidial isoprenoids and a stress- specific retrograde signaling metabolite, enables cellular readjustments for high-order adaptive functions. Here, we specifically show that MEcPP promotes two Brassicaceae-specific traits, namely endoplasmic reticulum （ER） body formation and induction of indole glucosinolate （IGs） metabolism selectively, via tran- scriptional regulation of key regulators NAIl for ER body formation and MYB51/122 for IGs biosynthesis）. The specificity of MEcPP is further confirmed by the lack of induction of wound-inducible ER body genes as well as IGs by other altered methylerythritol phosphate pathway enzymes. Genetic analyses revealed MEcPP-mediated COil-dependent induction of these traits. Moreover, MEcPP signaling integrates the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of IGs through induction of nitrile-specifier protein1 and reduction of the sup- pressor, ESM1, and production of simple nitriles as the bioactive end product. The findings position the plastidial metabolite, MEcPP, as the initiation hub, transducing signals to adjust the activity of hard- wired gene circuitry to expand phytochemical diversity and alter the associated subcellular structure required for functionality of the secondary metabolites, thereby tailoring plant stress responses.

关键词： glucosinolates ER body retrograde signaling MEP pathway MEcPP stress

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Stem Cell Regulation by Arabidopsis WOX Genes

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Molecular plant 2016年第7期9卷 1028-1039页

作者： Alicja Dolzblasz Judith Nardmann Elena Clerici Barry Causier Eric van der Graaff Jinhui Chen Brendan Davies Wolfgang Werr Thomas Laux BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Faculty of Biology Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany Institute of Developmental Biology Biocenter Cologne University zu KoIn Zulpicher Street 47b 50674 K61n Germany Centre for plant sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK present address: department of plant Developmental Biology Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Wroclaw50-328 Wroclaw Poland present address: department of plant and Environmental sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Center University of Copenhagen 1871 Taastrup Denmark present address: Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology Ministry of Education Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China

Gene amplification followed by functional diversification is a major force in evolution. A typical example of this is seen in the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX （WOX） gene family, named after the Arabidopsis stem cell regulator WUSCHEL. Here we analyze functional divergence in the WOX gene family. Members of the WUS clade, except the cambium stem cell regulator WOX4, can substitute for WUS function in shoot and floral stem cell maintenance to different degrees. Stem cell function of WUS requires a canonical WUS-box, essential for interaction with TPL/TPR co-repressors, whereas the repressive EAR domain is dispensable and the acidic domain seems only to be required for female fertility. In contrast to the WUS clade, members of the ancient WOX13 and the WOX9 clades cannot support stem cell maintenance. Although the homeodomains are interchangeable between WUS and WOX9 clade members, a WUS- compatible homeodomain together with canonical WUS-box is not sufficient for stem cell maintenance. Our results suggest that WOX function in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis is restricted to the modern WUS clade, suggesting that stem cell control is a derived function. Yet undiscovered functional domains in addition to the homeodomain and the WUS-box are necessary for this function.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana shoot meristem stem cells WOX genes WUSCHEL

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SIZ1-Mediated SUMO Modification of SEUSS Regulates Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

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plant Communications 2020年第5期1卷 73-84页

作者： Xinyu Zhang Junling Huai Shuangrong Liu Jing Bo Jin Rongcheng Lin Key Laboratory of Photobiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Present address:Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13RBUK

Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)post-translational modification(SUMOylation)plays essential roles in regulating various biological processes;however,its function and regulation in the plant light signaling pathway are largely unknown.SEUSS(SEU)is a transcriptional co-regulator that integrates light and temperature signaling pathways,thereby regulating plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.Here,we show that SEU is a substrate of SUMO1,and that substitution of four conserved lysine residues disrupts the SUMOylation of SEU,impairs its function in photo-and thermomorphogenesis,and enhances its interaction with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 transcription factors.Furthermore,the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 interacts with SEU and regulates its SUMOylation.Moreover,SEU directly interacts with phytochrome B photoreceptors,and the SUMOylation and stability of SEU are activated by light.Our study reveals a novel post-translational modification mechanism of SEU in which light regulates plant growth and development through SUMOylation-mediated protein stability.

关键词： light signaling phytochrome PIF4 SUMOylation

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ABNORMAL SHOOT 6 interacts with KATANIN 1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 to promote cortical microtubule severing and ordering in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2021年第4期63卷 646-661页

作者： Yuanfeng Li Meng Deng Haofeng Liu Yan Li Yu Chen Min Jia Hui Xue Jingxia Shao Jun Zhao Yafei Qi Lijun An Fei Yu Xiayan Liu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life sciences Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China present address:department of plant&Microbial Biology University of California BerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA

plant interphase cortical microtubules(cMTs)mediate anisotropic cell expansion in response to environmental and developmental cues.In Arabidopsis thaliana,KATANIN 1(KTN1),the p60 catalytic subunit of the conserved MT-severing enzyme katanin,is essential for cMT ordering and anisotropic cell expansion.However,the regulation of KTN1-mediated cMT severing and ordering remains unclear.In this work,we report that the Arabidopsis IQ67 DOMAIN(IQD)family gene ABNORMAL SHOOT 6(ABS6)encodes a MT-associated protein.Overexpression of ABS6 leads to elongated cotyledons,directional pavement cell expansion,and highly ordered transverse cMT arrays.Genetic suppressor analysis revealed that ABS6-mediated cMT ordering is dependent on KTN1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4(SAV4).Live imaging of cMT dynamics showed that both ABS6 and SAV4 function as positive regulators of cMT severing.Furthermore,ABS6 directly interacts with KTN1 and SAV4 and promotes their recruitment to the cMTs.Finally,analysis of loss-of-function mutant combinations showed that ABS6,SAV4,and KTN1 work together to ensure the robust ethylene response in the apical hook of dark-grown seedlings.Together,our findings establish ABS6 and SAV4 as positive regulators of cMT severing and ordering,and highlight the role of cMT dynamics in fine-tuning differential growth in plants.

关键词： ABS red ABNORMAL SHOOT 6 interacts with KATANIN 1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 to promote cortical microtubule severing and ordering in Arabidopsis

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Arabidopsis STAY-GREEN2 Is a Negative Regulator of Chlorophyll Degradation during Leaf Senescence

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Molecular plant 2014年第8期7卷 1288-1302页

作者： Yasuhito Sakuraba So-Yon Park Ye-Sol Kim Seung-Hyun Wang Soo-Cheul Yoo Stefan Hortensteiner Nam-Chon Paek department of plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul NationalUniversity Seoul 151-921 Korea present address: department of plant Pathology Physiology and Weed Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA present address: Advanced Radiation Technology Institute Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Jeongeup 580-185 Korea department of plant & Environmental Science Hankyong National University Ansung 456-749 Korea Institute of plant Biology University of Zurich CH-8008 Zurich Switzerland

Chlorophyll （Chl） degradation causes leaf yellowing during senescence or under stress conditions. For Chl breakdown, STAY-GREEN1 （SGR1） interacts with Chl catabolic enzymes （CCEs） and light-harvesting complex II （LHCII） at the thylakoid membrane, possibly to allow metabolic channeling of potentially phototoxic Chl breakdown intermediates. Among these Chl catabolic components, SGR1 acts as a key regulator of leaf yellowing. In addition to SGR1 （At4g22920）, the Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains an additional homolog, SGR2 （At4g11910）, whose biological function remains elusive. Under senescence-inducing conditions, SGR2 expression is highly up-regulated, similarly to SGR1 expression. Here we show that SGR2 function counteracts SGR1 activity in leaf Chl degradation; SGR2-overexpressing plants stayed green and the sgr2-1 knockout mutant exhibited early leaf yellowing under age-, dark-, and stress-induced senescence conditions. Like SGR1, SGR2 interacted with LHCII but, in contrast to SGR1, SGR2 interactions with CCEs were very limited. Furthermore, SGR1 and SGR2 formed homo- or heterodimers, strongly suggesting a role for SGR2 in negatively regulat- ing Chl degradation by possibly interfering with the proposed CCE-recruiting function of SGR1. Our data indicate an antagonistic evolution of the functions of SGR1 and SGR2 in Arabidopsis to balance Chl catabolism in chloroplasts with the dismantling and remobilizing of other cellular components in senescing leaf cells.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana stay-green SGR1 SGR2 chlorophyll degradation leaf senescence abiotic stress.

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