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Size and shape information serve as labels in the alarm calls of Gunnison＇s prairie dogs Cynomys gunnisoni

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 741-748页

作者： C. N. SLOBODCHIKOFF William R. BRIGGS Patricia A DENNIS Anne-Marie C. HODGE department of biological sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA department of biological sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA present address: department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY82071 USA

Some animals have the capacity to produce different alarm calls for terrestrial and aerial predators. However, it is not clear what cognitive processes are involved in generating these calls. One possibility is the position of the predator： Anything on the ground receives a terrestrial predator call, and anything in the air receives an aerial predator call. Another possibility is that animals are able to recognize the physical features of predators and incorporate those into their calls. As a way of elucidating which of these mechanisms plays a primary role in generating the structure of different calls, we performed two field experiments with Gunnison＇s prairie dogs. First, we presented the prairie dogs with a circle, a triangle, and a square, each moving across the colony at the same height and speed. Second, we presented the prairie dogs with two squares of differing sizes. DFA statistics showed that 82.6 percent of calls for the circle and 79.2 percent of the calls for the triangle were correctly classified, and 73.3 percent of the calls for the square were classified as either square or circle. Also, 100 percent of the calls for the larger square and 90 percent of the calls for the smaller square were correctly classified. Because both squares and circles are features of terrestrial predators and triangles are features of aerial predators, our results suggest that prairie dogs might have a cognitive mechanism that labels the abstract shape and size of different predators, rather than the position of the predator [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 741-748, 2012].

关键词： Gunnison's prairie dogs Prairie dogs Alarm calls Referential communication

Transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of gene expression during leaf polarity formation

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Cell Research 2007年第6期17卷 512-519页

作者： Lin Xu Li YangHai Huang National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for biological sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China present address: IBMP CNRS Universite Louis Pasteur 67084 Strasbourg France present address: department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity after primordium initiation from the shootapical meristem (SAM). Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles in promoting adaxial orabaxial leaf fate. Recently, post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways have been shown to regulate the establishmentof leaf polarity, providing novel and exciting insights into leaf development. For example, microRNAs (miR165/166)and a trans-acting siRNA (TAS3-derived tasiR-ARF) have been shown to repress the expression of several key transcrip-tion factor genes. In addition, yet another level of regulation, post-translational regulation, has been revealed recently bystudies on the role of the 26S proteasome in leaf polarity. Although our understanding regarding the molecular mecha-nisms underlying establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity has greatly improved, there is still much that remains *** review aims to discuss recent progress, as well as the remaining questions, regarding the molecular mechanismsunderlying leaf polarity formation.

关键词： Arabidopsis leaf development polarity formation

The differential requirement of mushroom body α/β subdivisions in long-term memory retrieval in Drosophila

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Protein & Cell 2013年第7期4卷 512-519页

作者： Cheng Huang Pengzhi Wang Zhiyong Xie Lianzhang Wang Yi Zhong School of Life sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA present address:department of biological sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA present address:department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

The mushroom body(MB),a bilateral brain structure pos-sessing about 2000-2500 neurons per hemisphere,plays a central role in olfactory learning and memory in Dros-ophila *** studies have demonstrat-ed that three major types of MB neurons(α/β,α’/β’andγ)exhibit distinct functions in memory processing,including the critical role of approximately 1000 MBα/βneurons in retrieving long-term *** by recent fi ndings that MBα/βneurons can be further divided into three subdivisions(surface,posterior and core)and wherein theα/βcore neurons play an permissive role in long-term memory consolidation,we examined the functional differ-ences of all the three morphological subdivisions of MBα/βby temporally precise manipulation of their synaptic outputs during long-term memory *** found the normal neurotransmission from a combination of MBα/βsurface and posterior neurons is necessary for retrieving both aversive and appetitive long-term memory,whereas output from MBα/βposterior or core subdivision alone is *** results imply a specifi c requirement of about 500 MBα/βneurons in supporting long-term memory retrieval and a further functional partitioning for memory processing within the MBα/βregion.

关键词： memory retrieval neural circuits aversive olfactory conditioning appetitive olfactory conditioning mush-room body

A Light-Independent Allele of Phytochrome B Faithfully Recapitulates Photomorphogenic Transcriptional Networks

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 166-182页

作者： Wei Hu Yi-Shin Su J. Clark Lagarias department of Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA present address: Carnegie Institution of Washington -Department of Plant Biology Stanford CA 94305 USA

Dominant gain-of-function alleles of Arabidopsis phytochrome B were recently shown to confer lightindependent, constitutive photomorphogenic （cop） phenotypes to transgenic plants （Su and Lagarias, 2007）. In the present study, comparative transcription profiling experiments were performed to assess whether the pattern of gene expression regulated by these alleles accurately reflects the process of photomorphogenesis in wild-type Arabidopsis. Whole- genome transcription profiles of dark-grown phyAphyB seedlings expressing the Y^276H mutant of phyB （YHB） revealed that YHB reprograms about 13% of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in a light-independent manner. The YHB-regulated transcriptome proved qualitatively similar to but quantitatively greater than those of wild-type seedlings grown under 15 or 50 μmol m^-2 m^-1 continuous red light （Rc）. Among the 2977 genes statistically significant two-fold （SSTF） regulated by YHB in the absence of light include those encoding components of the photosynthetic apparatus, tetrapyrrole/pigment biosynthetic pathways, and early light-responsive signaling factors. Approximately 80% of genes SSTF regulated by Rc were also YHB-regulated. Expression of a notable subset of 346 YHB-regulated genes proved to be strongly attenuated by Rc, indicating compensating regulation by phyC-E and/or other Rc-dependent processes. Since the majority of these 346 genes are regulated by the circadian clock, these results suggest that phyA- and phyB-independent light signaling pathway（s） strongly influence clock output. Together with the unique plastid morphology of dark-grown YHB seedlings, these analyses indicate that the YHB mutant induces constitutive photomorphogenesis via faithful reconstruction of phyB signaling pathways in a light-independent fashion.

关键词： light signaling signal transduction transcriptome analysis photomorphogenesis Arabidopsis phytochrome.

Electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection based on multiwalled carbon nanotube/molybdenum disulfide quantum dots with machine learning integration and anti-interference capability

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 137-151页

作者： Geethukrishnan Onkar Apte Kiran Kumar Tadi Energy Electrodics and Electrocatalysis (EEE) Lab Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology

The precise detection and measurement of dopamine（DA）,a crucial neurotransmitter in the human body,plays a significant role in diagnosing,preventing,and treating neurological diseases associated with its levels.A highly sensitive DA electrochemical sensor was constructed by combining molybdenum disulfide quantum dots（MSQDs） with multiwalled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）.The MSQDs were synthesized using the shear exfoliation *** sensors consist of MSQDs with Mo-S edge catalytic centers for the DA redox reaction,and MWCNTs amplify the sensor *** linearity of the sensor for the detection of DA was tested in the presence of ascorbic acid(AA,50 μmol·L-1) and uric acid(UA,200 μmol·L-1),and exhibited linearity from 2 to 966 μmol·L-1of DA with 0.097 μA(mol·L-1)-1sensitivity and a low limit of detection of0.6 μmol·L-1（the ratio between signal and noise,S/N=3）.Moreover,the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor were also studied using *** is no increase in amperometric current after adding the most potentially interfering *** sensor was successfully applied to recover DA in human blood sera ***,machine learning algorithms were operated to aid in the near-precise detection of DA in the heterogeneous mixture containing AA and *** algorithms facilitate the identification and quantification of DA amidst coexisting interferents,including AA,that are commonly present in biological matrices.

关键词： Biosensor Complex mixture Dopamine Machine learning MoS2 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Identification of Arabidopsis MYB56 as a Nove Substrate for CRL3BPM E3 Ligases

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Molecular Plant 2015年第2期8卷 242-250页

作者： Liyuan Chen Anne Bernhardt JooHyun Lee Hanjo Hellmann School of biological sciences Washington State University Abelson 435 Pullman WA 99164-4236 USA present address: Plant Gene Expression Center UC Berkeley Albany CA 94710 USA present address: Robert Koch Institut 13353 Berlin Germany

Controlled stability of proteins is a highly efficient mechanism to direct diverse processes in living cells. A key regulatory system for protein stability is given by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which uses E3 ligases to mark specific proteins for degradation. In this work, MYB56 is identified as a novel target of a CULLIN3 （CUL3）-based E3 ligase. Its stability depends on the presence of MATH-BTB/POZ （BPM） proteins, which function as substrate adaptors to the E3 ligase. Genetic studies have indicated that MYB56 is a negative regulator of flowering, while BPMs positively affect this developmental program. The interaction between BPMs and MYB56 occurs at the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, a key regulator in initiating flowering in Arabidopsis, and results in instability of MYB56. Overall the work establishes MYB transcription factors as substrates of BPM proteins, and provides novel information on components that participate in controlling flowering time in plants.

关键词： CUL3 BPM MYB transcription factor E3 ligase flowering

Improved Growth and Stress Tolerance in the Arabidopsis oxtl Mutant Triggered by Altered Adenine Metabolism

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1310-1332页

作者： Suchada Sukrong Kil-Young Yun Patrizia Stadler Charan Kumar Tony Facciuolo Barbara A.Moffatt Deane L.Falconec department of Plant and Soil Science University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA present address:department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand department of biological sciences University of MassachusettsOne University AvenueLowellMA 01854USA present address:Fungi and Plant Co.Ltd Chungcheongbuk-doRepublic of Korea department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

Plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses with complex mechanisms that are often associ- ated with the activation of antioxidant defenses. A genetic screen aimed at isolating oxidative stress-tolerant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana has identified oxtl, a line that exhibits improved tolerance to oxidative stress and elevated temperature but displays no apparent deleterious growth effects under non-stress conditions. Oxtl harbors a muta- tion that arises from the altered expression of a gene encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase （APT1）, an enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate （AMP）, indicating a link between purine metabolism, whole-plant growth responses, and stress acclimation. The oxtl mutation results in decreased APT1 expression that leads to reduced enzymatic activity. Correspondingly, oxtl plants possess elevated levels of adenine. Decreased APT enzyme activity dir- ectly correlates with stress resistance in transgenic lines that ectopically express APT1. The metabolic alteration in oxtl plants also alters the expression of several antioxidant defense genes and the response of these genes to oxidative chal- lenge. Finally, it is shown that manipulation of adenine levels can induce stress tolerance to wild-type plants. Collectively, these results show that alterations in cellular adenine levels can trigger stress tolerance and improve growth, leading to increases in plant biomass. The results also suggest that adenine might play a part in the signals that modulate responses to abiotic stress and plant growth.

关键词： abiotic/oxidative environmental stress acclimation priming purine signaling salvage pathway thermotolerance.

The transcription factor MYB40 is a central regulator in arsenic resistance in Arabidopsis

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Plant Communications 2021年第6期2卷 44-55页

作者： Yun Chen Hong-Yang Wang Yi-Fang Chen College of biological sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina present address:Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Arsenic is a metalloid that is toxic to ***(As(V)),the prevalent chemical form of arsenic,is a phosphate(Pi)analog and is incorporated into plant cells via Pi ***,we found that the MYB40 transcription factor played important roles in the control of Arabidopsis As(V)*** expression of MYB40 was induced by As(V)***40-overexpressing lines had an obvious As(V)-resistant phenotype and a reduced As(V)/Pi uptake rate,whereas myb40 mutants were sensitive to As(V)*** exposure to As(V),MYB40 directly repressed the expression of PHT1;1,which encodes a main Pi *** As(V)-resistant phenotypes of MYB40-overexpressing lines were impaired by overexpression of PHT1;1,demonstrating an epistatic genetic relationship between MYB40 and PHT1;***,overexpression of MYB40 enhanced,and disruption of MYB40 reduced,thiol-peptide *** exposure to As(V),MYB40 positively regulated the expression of PCS1,which encodes a phytochelatin synthase,and ABCC1 and ABCC2,which encode the major vacuolar phytochelatin ***,our data demonstrate that AtMYB40 acts as a central regulator of As(V)responses,providing a genetic strategy for enhancing plant As(V)tolerance and reducing As(V)uptake to improve food safety.

关键词： AtMYB40 arsenate uptake detoxification transcription

A Novel RGL2-DOF6 Complex Contributes to Primary Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana by Regulating a GATA Transcription Factor

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Molecular Plant 2017年第10期10卷 1307-1320页

作者： Pratibha Ravindran Vivek Verma Petra Stamm Prakash P. Kumar department of biological sciences Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore present address: department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK

The DELLA protein RGA-LIKE2 （RGL2） is a key transcriptional repressor of gibberellic acid （GA） signaling that regulates seed germination. We identified GATA12, a gene encoding a GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor, as one of the downstream targets of RGL2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data show that freshly harvested （unstratified） seeds of GATA 12 antisense suppression lines have reduced dormancy compared with the wild-type, while ectopic expression lines show enhanced seed dormancy. We show that GATA12 expression is negatively regulated by GA, and its transcript levels decline dramatically under dormancy- breaking conditions such as dry storage and cold stratification of seeds. GATA12 promoter has several GAMYB- and DOF-associated motifs that are known to be GA- and RGL2-responsive, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that a protein complex containing RGL2 can bind to GATA12 promoter and thereby regulate its expression. RGL2 lacks a DNA binding domain and requires a transcription factor to induce GATA12 expression. Our data show that this RGL2-containing protein complex includes DNA BINDING1 ZINC FINGER6 （DOF6）, which is a known negative regulator of germination in freshly harvested seeds. We further show that this novel RGL2-DOF6 complex is required for activating GATA12 expression, thus revealing a molecular mechanism to enforce primary seed dormancy.

关键词： seed germination primary dormancy DELLA RGL2 DOF6 gibberellin