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Gender plasticity uncovers multiple sexual morphs in natural populations of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don

Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 459-469页

作者： Vinod Prasad Khanduri Arun Sukumaran Chandra Mohan Sharma Department of Forestry College of ForestryVCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and ForestryRanichauriTehri GarhwalUttarakhand 249199India present address:state farming corporation of kerala Chithalvetty EstateKalanjoor KollamKeralaIndia.

Background:The expression of gender in gymnosperms is challenging because the extent of variability in gender segregations in tree crowns and selection pressure of nature can modify the gender through ***:An in-depth investigation on spatial segregation of genders in tree crowns and sex expression of a total of 500 trees in five different natural populations of Cedrus deodara was carried out and verified the occurrence of subdioecious(co-existence of male,female,and monoecious)genders in ***:Five different sexual morphs were apparent among the 500 selected individuals as(1)pure male(M):bearing only male strobili in the whole crown with 22.2%;(2)pure female(F):bearing only female strobili in the whole crown with 12.4%;(3)mixed-monoecious(MM):bearing both male and female strobili with 13.6%;(4)predominantly female(PF)with 25.6%;and(5)predominantly male(PM)with 26.2%.The occurrence of multiple sexual morphs resulted from the complex selection pressure,which increased the stability of the *** segregation of genders in crown layers deemed to increase the fitness that may be a mechanism for accelerating *** results of the study suggest that the subdioecious gender expression in *** is evolved through the monoecy–paradioecy *** production of male strobili revealed non-significant effect of tree sizes whereas a significant effect was observed for the production of female *** study established that the total pollen and seed outputs in *** changed frequently according to gender ***:The size of the tree,resource availability,sex allocation,plant architecture,gender segregation in crowns,and habitat conditions are the prominent causes for gender plasticity.

关键词： Gender Sex expression Gender segregation Strobili Pre-fertilisation Monoecy Dioecy

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