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Activated Microglia in the Brain: Mitochondrial and Cell Membrane-Associated Targets for Positron Emission Tomography

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2018年第1期8卷 50-81页

作者： Margit Pissarek Forschungszentrum Jülich gmbh Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine INM5-Nuclear Chemistry Jülich Germany

The emission tomographic imaging of activated microglia in the brain moves into the focus of neuroscientific research with increasing recognition of contributions of early inflammatory processes to neurodegenerative, traumatic, cancerous and infectious diseases of the brain. Whereas the mitochondrial isoform of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO1) has been the main cellular target for positron emission tomography (PET) of this type of cells for decades, alternative marker proteins in the plasma membrane of microglia challenge efforts in ligand development, recently. The present report includes PET approaches using the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and the FR2 folate receptor in parallel to small molecule PET tracers available for in vivo visualization of the “classical” target TSPO1. It compares first and second generation of TSPO1 ligands as well as new compounds like the tetrahydrocarbazole [18F]GE-180 and the quinazoline [11C]ER176 presumed to reduce polymorphism-related inter-subject variations, with allosteric ligands for the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and with radio labelled folate conjugates targeting the folate “cargo” receptor FR1 and the FR2 receptor characteristic for anti-inflammatory M2 microglia.

关键词： Microglia Inflammation Brain PET TSPO CX3CR1 Folate Receptor

Optimized algorithm in mine production planning, mined material destination, and ultimate pit limit

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Journal of Central South University 2018年第6期25卷 1475-1488页

作者： Rahimi ESMAEIL Moosavi EHSAN Shirinabadi REZA Gholinejad MEHRAN Department of Mining Engineering Islamic Azad UniversitySouth Tehran BranchTehran 163963476Iran ~ Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germanypart of Springer Nature 2018

An integral connection exists among the mine production planning, the mined material destination, and the ultimate pit limit （UPL） in the mining engineering economy. This relation is reinforced by real information and the benefits it engenders in the mining economy. Hence, it is important to create optimizing algorithms to reduce the errors of economic calculations. In this work, a logical mathematical algorithm that considers the important designing parameters and the mining economy is proposed. This algorithm creates an optimizing repetitive process among different designing constituents and directs them into the maximum amount of the mine economical parameters. This process will produce the highest amount of ores and the highest degree of safety. The modeling produces a new relation between the concept of the cutoff grade, mine designing, and mine planning, and it provides the maximum benefit by calculating the destination of the ores. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a real case study. The results show that the net present value of the mine production is increased by 3% compared to previous methods of production design and UPL.

关键词： mined material destination ultimate pit limit net present value production planning

The Beneficial Effect of Niobium Alloying in Gray Cast Iron-Fundamentals and Applications

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The Beneficial Effect of Niobium Alloying in Gray Cast Iron-...

Deploying Safety-Critical Applications on Complex Avionics Hardware Architectures

中国机械工程学会第十一届全国铸造年会

作者： Hardy Mohrbacher Niobium Products Company gmbh Steinstrasse 28 40210 DüsseldorfGermany

＜正＞Abstract: Gray cast machinable iron consists of flake or spheroidal graphite in a ferritic, pearlitic, austenitic or martensitic matrix. This variety of microstructural combinations is used in a multitude of applications. Typical examples are vehicle brake systems, combustion engine blocks and machinery equipment. The particular microstructural design of gray iron and thus its characteristic properties is controlled by the alloying concept and by the casting as well as heat - treating process. The standard alloying elements in gray cast iron besides of carbon are silicon and manganese. Other elements like nickel, molybdenum, vanadium and magnesium are added to influence the microstructure. The research work on the effect of niobium in cast iron during the last 30 years allows to make the following general statements: - Nb additions up to 0. 3% improves the mechanical properties of gray iron resulting from a reduction in the cell size and correspondingly blunt graphite flake size. - Nb decreases the tendency to produce chill carbides due to an inoculating effect and the increase in cell count. - Nb is a mild pearlite stabilizer and refiner. - Nb additions of more than 0. 5 weight percent leads to the formation of primary MC - type carbides of high hardness improving the wear resistance of cast iron. Based on these effects specific applications of niobium - alloyed cast iron have been developed leading to appreciable technical and economical benefits. Work rolls for steel mills are often niobium - alloyed giving the advantage of reduced wear and thus longer endurance. Alloying of niobium to brake discs and drums allows to increase the graphite content at a given strength level and thus to optimize the heat conduction and damping behavior. The strength increasing effect of niobium can also be of advantage for the production of thin walled engine blocks. Additionally niobium helps to avoid the formation of chill structures which are difficult to machine. The present

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第5期6卷 229-235页

作者： Robert Hilbrich Laurent Dieudonné Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS) Berlin Germany Liebherr-Aerospace Lindenberg gmbh Lin- denberg Germany.

Aviation electronics (avionics) are sophisticated and distributed systems aboard an airplane. The complexity of these systems is constantly growing as an increasing amount of functionalities is realized in software. Thanks to the performance increase, a hardware unit must no longer be dedicated to a single system function. Multicore processors for example facilitate this trend as they are offering an increased system performance in a small power envelope. In avionics, several system functions could now be integrated on a single hardware unit, if all safety requirements are still satisfied. This approach allows for further optimizations of the system architecture and substantial reductions of the space, weight and power (SWaP) footprint, and thus increases the transportation capacity. However, the complexity found in current safety-critical systems requires an automated software deployment process in order to tap this potential for further SWaP reductions. This article used a realistic flight control system as an example to present a new model-based methodology to automate the software deployment process. This methodology is based on the correctness-by-construction principle and is implemented as part of a systems engineering toolset. Furthermore, metrics and optimization criteria are presented which further help in the automatic assessment and refinement of a generated deployment. A discussion regarding a tighter integration of this approach in the entire avionics systems engineering workflow concludes this article.

关键词： Avionics Systems Engineering Software Deployment Software Architecture Safety-Critical Systems

Multiscale study of the dynamic friction coefficient due to asperity plowing

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Friction 2021年第4期9卷 822-839页

作者： Jianqiao HU Hengxu SONG Stefan SANDFELD Xiaoming LIU Yueguang WEI State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-9:Materials Data Science and Informatics Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbHJuelich 52425Germany Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A macroscopically nominal flat surface is rough at the nanoscale level and consists of ***,the frictional properties of the macroscale-level rough surface are determined by the mechanical behaviors of nanoasperity contact pairs under *** this work,we first used molecular dynamics simulations to study the non-adhesive shear between single contact ***,to estimate the friction coefficient of rough surfaces,we implemented the frictional behavior of a single contact pair into a Greenwood-Williamson-type statistical *** employing the present multiscale approach,we used the size,rate,and orientation effects,which originated from nanoscale dislocation plasticity,to determine the dependence of the macroscale friction coefficient on system parameters,such as the surface roughness,separation,loading velocity,and *** model predicts an unconventional dependence of the friction coefficient on the normal contact load,which has been observed in nanoscale frictional ***,this model represents one step toward understanding some of the relevant macroscopic phenomena of surface friction at the nanoscale level.

关键词： multiscale friction asperity plowing dislocation plasticity size/velocity effect crystal orientation statistical model

Uncertainty-aware molecular dynamics from Bayesian active learning for phase transformations and thermal transport in SiC

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2000-2007页

作者： Yu Xie Jonathan Vandermause Senja Ramakers Nakib H.Protik Anders Johansson Boris Kozinsky John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering Robert Bosch GmbHRenningenUSA Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation Ruhr-Universität BochumBochumGermany Robert Bosch LLC Research and Technology CenterWatertownMAUSA

Machine learning interatomic force fields are promising for combining high computational efficiency and accuracy in modeling quantum interactions and simulating atomistic *** learning methods have been recently developed to train force fields efficiently and *** them,Bayesian active learning utilizes principled uncertainty quantification to make data acquisition *** this work,we present a general Bayesian active learning workflow,where the force field is constructed from a sparse Gaussian process regression model based on atomic cluster expansion *** circumvent the high computational cost of the sparse Gaussian process uncertainty calculation,we formulate a high-performance approximate mapping of the uncertainty and demonstrate a speedup of several orders of *** demonstrate the autonomous active learning workflow by training a Bayesian force field model for silicon carbide(SiC)polymorphs in only a few days of computer time and show that pressure-induced phase transformations are accurately *** resulting model exhibits close agreement with both ab initio calculations and experimental measurements,and outperforms existing empirical models on vibrational and thermal *** active learning workflow readily generalizes to a wide range of material systems and accelerates their computational understanding.

关键词： computer thermal utilize

Experimental and numerical investigations of the dry-low-NO_(x) hydrogen micromix combustion chamber of an industrial gas turbine

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Propulsion and Power Research 2015年第3期4卷 123-131页

作者： A.Haj Ayed K.Kusterer H.H.-W.Funke J.Keinz C.Striegan D.Bohn B&B-AGEMA gmbh Jülicher Str.338Aachen 52070Germany FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Hohenstaufenallee 6Aachen 52064Germany RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55Aachen 52062Germany

Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production,hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power *** to the large difference in the physical properties of hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas,well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for dry-low-NO_(x)(DLN)hydrogen ***,the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of hydrogen fuelled gas *** DLN micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NO_(x) *** combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type *** major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NO_(x) emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the *** micromix combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density *** aim of the present study is to apply and compare different combustion models for the characterization of the micromix flame structure,its interaction with the flow field and its NO_(x) *** study reveals great potential for the successful application of numerical flow simulation to predict flame structure and NO_(x) emission level of micromix hydrogen combustion,help understanding the flow phenomena related with the micromixing,reaction zone and NO_(x) formation and support further optimization of the burner performance.

关键词： Micromix combustion Hydrogen gas turbine Dry-low-NO_(x)(DLN) combustion Hydrogen combustion High hydrogen combustion

CFD based exploration of the dry-low-NO_(x) hydrogen micromix combustion technology at increased energy densities

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Propulsion and Power Research 2017年第1期6卷 15-24页

作者： A.Haj Ayed K.Kusterer H.H.-W.Funke J.Keinz D.Bohn B&B-AGEMA gmbh.Jiilicher Str.338 Aachen 52070Germany FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Hohenstaufenallee 6Aachen 52064Germany RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55Aachen 52062Germany

Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production,hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas tuibine fuel within future low emission power *** to the large difference in the physical properties of hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas,well established gas tuibine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for dry-low-NO_(x)(DLN)hydrogen ***,the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of hydrogen fuelled gas *** DLN micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NO_(x)-*** combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type *** major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NO_(x)-emlssions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the *** micromix combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density *** aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of different geometry parameter variations on the flame structure and the NO_(x)emission and to identify the most relevant design parameters,aiming to provide a physical understanding of the micromix flame sensitivity to the burner design and identify further optimization potential of this innovative combustion technology while increasing its energy density and making it mature enough for real gas turbine *** study reveals great optimization potential of the micromix combustion technology with respect to the DLN characteristics and gives insight into the impact of geometry modifications on flame structure and NO_(x)*** allows to further increase the energy density of the micromix burners and to integrate this technology in industrial gas turbin

关键词： Micromix combustion Hydrogen gas turbine Dry-low-NO_(x)(DLN)combustion Hydrogen combustion High hydrogen combustion

Large-scale Data Collection and Analysis via a Gamified Intelligent Crowdsourcing Platform

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第4期16卷 427-436页

作者： Simone Hantke Tobias Olenyi Christoph Hausner Tobias Appel Bjorn Schuller ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group Technische Universitat München München Germany audEERING gmbh Gilching Germany Group on Language Audio & Music (GLAM) Department of Computing Imperial College London SW7 2AZ UK

In this contribution, we present iHEARu-PLAY, an online, multi-player platform for crowdsourced database collection and labelling, including the voice analysis application (VoiLA), a free web-based speech classification tool designed to educate iHEARu-PLAY users about state-of-the-art speech analysis paradigms. Via this associated speech analysis web interface, in addition, VoiLA encourages users to take an active role in improving the service by providing labelled speech data. The platform allows users to record and upload voice samples directly from their browser, which are then analysed in a state-of-the-art classification pipeline. A set of pre-trained models targeting a range of speaker states and traits such as gender, valence, arousal, dominance, and 24 different discrete emotions is employed. The analysis results are visualised in a way that they are easily interpretable by laymen, giving users unique insights into how their voice sounds. We assess the effectiveness of iHEARu-PLAY and its integrated VoiLA feature via a series of user evaluations which indicate that it is fun and easy to use, and that it provides accurate and informative results.

关键词： Human computation speech analysis crowdsourcing gamified data collection survey