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Ovarian autoimmune disease： clinical concepts and anima models

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 510-521页

作者： Bryce D Warren William K Kinsey Lynda K McGinnis Lane K Christenson Susmita Jasti Anne M Stevens Brian K Petroff Margaret G Petroff department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA Research Center for Immunity and I mmunotherapies Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center and Division of Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle WA USA department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA present address: department of pathobiology and diagnostic investigation Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine East Lansing MI USA

The ovary is not an immunologically privileged organ, but a breakdown in tolerogenic mechanisms for ovary-specific antigens has disastrous consequences on fertility in women, and this is replicated in murine models of autoimmune disease. Isolated ovarian autoimmune disease is rare in women, likely due to the severity of the disease and the inability to transmit genetic information conferring the ovarian disease across generations. Nonetheless, autoimmune oophoritis is often observed in association with other autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune adrenal disease, and takes a toll on both society and individual health. Studies in mice have revealed at least two mechanisms that protect the ovary from autoimmune attack. These mechanisms include control of autoreactive T cells by thymus-derived regulatory T cells, as well as a role for the autoimmune regulator （AIRE）, a transcriptional regulator that induces expression of tissue-restricted antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells during development of T cells. Although the latter mechanism is incompletely defined, it is well established that failure of either results in autoimmune-mediated targeting and depletion of ovarian follicles. In this review, we will address the clinical features and consequences of autoimmune-mediated ovarian infertility in women, as well as the possible mechanisms of disease as revealed by animal models.

关键词： Ovarian autoimmune clinical concepts animal models

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Editorial of Special Column on Drug-and Chemical-Induced Liver Injury

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3684-3684页

作者： James Luyendyk Dafna Groeneveld department of pathobiology and diagnostic investigation Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

We are pleased to present a Special Column on"Drug-and Chemical-induced Liver Injury".The scope of articles in this issue is diverse,covering a wide range of unanswered questions in this research area faced by both cl... 详细信息

关键词： Liver covering diverse

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Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1459-1469页

作者： Sarah J McCaskey Elizabeth A Rondini Jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg M Langohr Elizabeth M Gardner Jenifer I Fenton department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States department of Food Science Human Nutrition Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States department of pathobiology and diagnostic investigation Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing MI 48824United States

AIM： To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic （SMAD）3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with He- Iicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus）. METHODS： SMAD3/ （n = L9） and colitis-resistant SMAD3＋/ （n = 24） mice （8-10 wk of age） were in- fected with/-/, hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations [T lymphocytes, natural killer （NK） cells, T regulatory cells] were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes （MsLNs） at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry. Genotype-dependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B＋ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： As previously observed, SMAD3＋, but not SMAD3＋/- mice, developed colitis, peaking at 4 wk post-infection. No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point. However, CD4＋ and CD8＋/ CD62L＋＋ cells, an effector T lymphocyte population, as well as NK cells （NKp46/DX5＋） were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3/ mice at 7 d and 28 d post-in- fection. In the colon, a higher number of CD3＋ cells were present in SMAD3＋ compared to SMAD3＋/- mice at base- line, which did not significantly change during infection. However, the number of granzyme B＋ cells, a marker of cytolytic lymphoo/tes, significantly increased in SMAD3＋ mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3＋/- mice and to baseline values. This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals. CONCLUSION： Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H. hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphoo/tes.

关键词： Transforming growth factor-J3 Colitis Dro-sophila mothers against decapentaplegic Colon cancer T lymphocytes

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An investigation of Radiation Protection Status in Radiology Centers of Kurdistan in 2014-2015

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Health 2017年第5期9卷 849-856页

作者： Leila Ebrahimzadeh Akbar Eslami Farzam Bidarpoor Seyyed Jamal Aldin Ebrahimi department of Environmental Health Engineering Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran department of Environmental Health Engineering Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Deputy of Health Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran

Using personal protective equipment (PPE) properly and following available rules and regulations in the field of ionizing radiation protection can significantly decrease these harms. If these equipment and facilities are not available in diagnostic radiation centers or are not used properly, radiographers’ and people’s health will be jeopardized. To date, no study has examined the protective condition against radiation in diagnostic radiation centers of Kurdistan province. The present study, therefore, was an attempt to address this gap. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014-2015 among 35 diagnostic radiation centers of Kurdistan. Data were collected through a checklist (which was developed based on the available radiation protection laws), a survey for patients and their caregivers, and insite observation and dosimetry. The radiation health expert of the province proceeded to each of the radiology centers personally. Upon arrival to each center, he informed health physics officials of the centers about the study and collected data through observation, interview, and the checklist. On the other hand, in order to examine radiation leakage in different modes of imaging session, dosimetry was conducted by the use of an environmental dosimeter (Fluke 451 manufactured in the United States). The collected data were analyzed through Excel. It was found that in 67.3% of the cases, there was personal protective equipment for patients and their caregivers (robes, thyroid strap, gonadal shield, glasses, and lead gloves). Furthermore, this equipment and other physical holders were used for patients and their caregivers in 75.7% of the cases. This rate was 87.6% for pregnant women. In addition, we found that around 94% of the personnel went through medical examinations every six or twelve months, a rate that was much higher than that found in Nohi’s study. When it comes to improving the indices of protection against radiation in radiation centers, it seems that adding

关键词： Radiation Protection diagnostic Radiology Centers Kurdistan

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Differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms from delusions in schizophrenia: A phenomenological approach

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第3期3卷 50-56页

作者： Panagiotis Oulis George Konstantakopoulos Lefteris Lykouras Panayiota G Michalopoulou First department of Psychiatry Athens University Medical SchoolEginition Hospital11528 AthensGreece Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Department of Psychosis studiesInstitute of PsychiatryKing’s College LondonLondon SE5 8AFUnited Kingdom Second department of Psychiatry Athens University Medical School12462 AthensGreece Section on Schizophrenia Imaging and TherapeuticsDepartment of Psychosis studiesInstitute of PsychiatryKing’s College LondonLondon SE5 8AFUnited Kingdom

Several studies suggest increased prevalence-rates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms(OCS) and even of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) in patients with schizophrenic disorders. Moreover, it has been recently proposed the existence of a distinct diagnostic subgroup of schizo-obsessive disorder. However, the further investigation of the OCS or OCD-schizophrenia diagnostic comorbidity presupposes the accurate clinical differential diagnosis of obsessions and compulsions from delusions and repetitive delusional behaviours, respectively. In turn, this could be facilitated by a careful comparative examination of the phenomenological features of typical obsessions/compulsions and delusions/repetitive delusional behaviours, respectively. Thiswas precisely the primary aim of the present investigation. Our examination included seven features of obsessions/delusions(source of origin and sense of ownership of the thought, conviction, consistency with one's belief-system, awareness of its inaccuracy, awareness of its symptomatic nature, resistance, and emotional impact) and five features of repetitive behaviours(aim of repetitive behaviours, awareness of their inappropriateness, awareness of their symptomatic nature, and their immediate effect on underlying thought, and their emotional impact). Several of these clinical features, if properly and empathically investigated, can help discriminate obsessions and compulsive rituals from delusions and delusional repetitive behaviours, respectively, in patients with schizophrenic disorders. We comment on the results of our examination as well as on those of another recent similar investigation. Moreover, we also address several still controversial issues, such as the nature of insight, the diagnostic status of poor insight in OCD, the conceptualization and differential diagnosis of compulsions from other categories of repetitive behaviours, as well as the diagnostic weight assigned to compulsions in contemporary psychiatric diagnostic

关键词： Schizophrenia Obsessive-compulsive symptoms Obsessions Compulsions Delusions Clinical features Phenomenological approach Differential diagnosis

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