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The gut-eye axis:from brain neurodegenerative diseases to age-related macular degeneration

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2741-2757页

作者： Qianzi Jin Suyu Wang Yujia Yao Qin Jiang Keran Li Department of Ophthalmology The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina The Fourth school of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts ***,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are consequently *** microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a *** intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age,diet,genetics,and other *** dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance,resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host,and affecting the development of many *** recent decades,significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract,including the ***,several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s ***,the role of the“gut-eye axis”has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular ***,age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable *** such,the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular *** the above context,the present review aims to clarify the gut-brain and gut-eye connections,assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration,and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic ***,direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited,while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular ***-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut-eye interactions,while integrating analysis of the inte

关键词： age-related macular degeneration biological agents blinding eye disease dietary nutrition fecal microbial transplantation gut-eye axis intestinal flora metabolite microecology neurodegenerative disease

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Taurine: A Comprehensive Review of Its Origin， Pharmacological Properties， Potential Health Benefits， Therapeutic Applications， and Safety Profile

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Pengfei Zhao Ying Qi Department of Pharmacology， school of Pharmacy， China medical University (Shenyang) Department of Radiology， Shengjing Hospital of China medical University

Taurine， a multifunctional sulfur-containing amino acid and conditionally essential nutrient for humans， plays a key role in various biological processes and has attracted significant attention for its therapeutic potential. Originally isolated from ox bile， taurine has broad applications， but a comprehensive understanding of its pharmacological properties， health benefits， and safety profile remains incomplete. In this review， we critically evaluate the existing evidence on taurine’s effects based on an extensive literature search of multiple databases， including PubMed， Web of Science， Scopus， ScienceDirect， Google Scholar， CNKI， and Baidu Scholar， up to May 2024. Taurine demonstrates a range of beneficial effects， including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities， modulation of lipid metabolism， neuroprotection， and cardiovascular protection. It has shown substantial impacts on anti-tumor activity， immune system modulation， blood pressure and lipid regulation， glycemic control， hepatobiliary protection， and potential anti-aging effects. However， the precise regulatory pathways underlying these benefits are not yet fully understood. Epidemiological studies indicate a correlation between high taurine dosage and a reduced risk of diseases. However， direct evidence from interventional studies remains insufficient， and existing clinical trials require further in-depth investigation. Concerns about improper use and potential health risks also highlight the need for thorough safety assessments. To address these gaps， we recommend conducting well-designed， long-term randomized controlled trials to establish effective doses for disease prevention and assess taurine’s potential as a primary or adjunct therapy. This review aims to guide future research and support public health efforts， ultimately improving health outcomes.

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The circadian clock affects starvation resistance through the pentose phosphate pathway in silkworm,Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 55-68页

作者： Tai-Ming Dai Jian-Feng Qiu Cheng Luo Wen-Zhao Cui Kai Liu Jiang-Lan Li Ruji Peng Yang-Hu Sima Shi-Qing Xu school of Life Sciences Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology&Ecology(IABE) Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Disruption of the circadian clock can affect starvation resistance,but the molecular mechanism is still ***,we found that starvation resistance was significantly reduced in the core gene BmPer deficient mutant silkworms(Per−/−),but the mutant's starvation resistance increased with larval *** natural physiological conditions,the weight of mutant 5th instar larvae was significantly increased compared to wild type,and the accumulation ability of triglycerides and glycogen in the fat bodies was ***,under starvation conditions,the weight consumption of mutant larvae was increased and cholesterol utilization was *** analysis showed that beta-oxidation was significantly upregulated under starvation conditions,fatty acid synthesis was inhibited,and the expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial function were significantly *** investigations revealed that the redox balance,which is closely related to mitochondrial metabolism,was altered in the fat bodies,the antioxidant level was increased,and the pentose phosphate pathway,the source of reducing power in cells,was *** findings suggest that one of the reasons for the increased energy burden observed in mutants is the need to maintain a more robust redox balance in metabolic *** necessitates the diversion of more glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway to ensure an adequate supply of reducing power.

关键词： Bombyx mori circadian clock oxidative stress pentose phosphate pathway starvationresistance

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Predefined-Time Constrained Optimization of Multi-Agent Systems Under Impulsive Effects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 255-257页

作者： Zhuyan Jiang Xiaoyang Liu Xiang Jiang Jinde Cao the school of Computer Science and Technology Jiangsu Normal University IEEE the school of Mathematics Southeast University

Dear Editor,This letter investigates predefined-time optimization problems(OPs) of multi-agent systems(MASs), where the agent of MASs is subject to inequality constraints, and the team objective function accounts for impulse effects. Firstly, to address the inequality constraints,the penalty method is introduced. Then, a novel optimization strategy is developed, which only requires that the team objective function be strongly convex.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Predictor−corrector inverse design scheme for property−composition prediction of amorphous alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 169-183页

作者： Tao LONG Zhi-lin LONG Bo PANG school of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China school of Civil Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

In order to develop a generic framework capable of designing novel amorphous alloys with selected target properties,a predictor−corrector inverse design scheme(PCIDS)consisting of a predictor module and a corrector module was presented.A high-precision forward prediction model based on deep neural networks was developed to implement these two *** utmost importance,domain knowledge-guided inverse design networks(DKIDNs)and regular inverse design networks(RIDNs)were also *** forward prediction model possesses a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.990 for the shear modulus and 0.986 for the bulk modulus on the testing ***,the DKIDNs model exhibits superior performance compared to the RIDNs *** is finally demonstrated that PCIDS can efficiently predict amorphous alloy compositions with the required target properties.

关键词： amorphous alloys machine learning deep neural networks inverse design elastic modulus

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Multi-omics analysis and experimental verification reveal testicular fatty acid metabolism disorder in non-obstructive azoospermia

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Zoological Research 2025年第01期 177-192页

作者： Zhou Li Yi-Jian Xiang Zhi-Chuan Zou Yu-Ming Feng Hui Wang Wei-Qing Chen Xie Ge Jin-Zhao Ma Jun Jing Bing Yao Department of Reproductive Medicine Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Nanjing Medicine University

Increasing evidence implicates disruptions in testicular fatty acid metabolism as a contributing factor in nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA), a severe form of male infertility. However, the precise mechanisms linking fatty acid metabolism to NOA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Multi-omics analyses, including microarray analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq), and metabolomics, were utilized to investigate disruptions in fatty acid metabolism associated with NOA using data from public databases. Results identified ACSL6, ACSBG2, and OLAH as key genes linked to fatty acid metabolism dysregulation, suggesting their potential causative roles in NOA. A marked reduction in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), was observed, potentially contributing to the pathological process of NOA. Sertoli cells in NOA patients exhibited apparent fatty acid metabolic dysfunction, with PPARG identified as a key transcription factor(TF) regulating this process. Functional analyses demonstrated that PPARG is crucial for maintaining blood-testis barrier(BTB) integrity and promoting spermatogenesis via regulation of fatty acid metabolism. These findings reveal the pivotal role of fatty acid metabolism in NOA and identify PPARG as a potential therapeutic target.

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Development and characterization of bacterial wilt-resistant synthetic polyploid peanuts

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Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 125-134页

作者： Du, Pei Zeng, Fanpei Wang, Qian Miao, Lijuan Qi, Feiyan Yang, Meili Wang, Xiao Liu, Hua Chen, Guoquan Fu, Liuyang Han, Suoyi Sun, Ziqi Qin, Li Dong, Wenzhao Zhang, Xinyou The Shennong Laboratory/Nation Industrial Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement/Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou 450002 China school of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou 450001 China school of Life Science Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou 450001 China Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Henan Hebei 458031 China

Wild peanut (Arachis) species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars. The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A, B, E, Ex, F, K, P, and H genomes. Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A. stenosperma, A. macedoi, A. duranensis, A. villosa, and A. diogoi. The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents. DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments. © 2025 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS

关键词： Bacterial wilt Cross compatibility Peanut Polyploids Wild species

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Lipid peroxidation: Its effects on the formulation and use of pharmaceutical emulsions

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第5期12卷 401-411页

作者： Ramona Khanum Haema Thevanayagam school of postgraduate Studies International Medical University (IMU)

Pharmaceutical delivery systems are developed to improve the physicochemical properties of therapeutic compounds. Emulsions are one of these drug delivering systems formulated using water, oils and lipids as main ingredients. Extensive data are usually generated on the physical and chemical characteristics of these oil-in-water and lipid emulsions. However, the oxidative tendency of emulsions is often overlooked. Oxidation impacts the overall quality and safety of these pharmaceutical emulsions. Additionally, introducing oxidatively unstable emulsions into biological systems further promotes oxidation in situ. Products of these reactions then continue to pose serious harm to cells and fuel other physiological oxidation reactions. Consequently, the increase of oxidation products leads to oxidative damage to biological systems. Thus, emulsions with lower lipid peroxidation are more stable and will reduce the negative effects of oxidation in situ. Preventive measures during the formulation of emulsions are important. Many naturally occurring and cost effective substances possess low oxidation tendencies and confer oxidative protection when used in emulsions. Additionally,certain preparatory methods should be employed to reduce or better control lipid ***, emulsions must be evaluated for their oxidation susceptibility using the various techniques available. Careful attention to the preparation of emulsions and assessment of their oxidative stability will help produce safer emulsions without compromising efficacy.

关键词： Drug delivery Emulsions Lipids Peroxidation Oxidative stress

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CaH2-promoted activity of Ni-carbonate interface for CO_(2) methanation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 522-532页

作者： Jin-Peng Wang Guo-Cui Mao Hui-Lin Jiang Bao-Xia Dong Yun-Lei Teng school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002JiangsuChina

Transition metal-carbonate interfaces often act as active sites in heterogeneous catalytic *** interface between transition metal and metal carbonate exhibits a dynamic equilibrium during the CO_(2)hydrogenation reaction,involving surface carbonate hydrogenation and CO_(2)***,there have been few reports on engineering the activity of the interface between transition metal and alkaline earth metal carbonate for catalytic CO_(2)*** work demonstrated that the incorporation of CaH_(2)in Ni/CaCO_(3)enhances the CO_(2)methanation activity of the *** CO_(2)conversion for Ni/CaH_(2)-CaCO_(3)reached 68.5%at 400°C,which was much higher than that of the Ni/CaCO_(3)(31.6%) and Ni/CaH_(2)-CaO (42.4%) ***,the Ni/CaH_(2)-CaCO_(3)catalysts remained stable during the stability test for 24 h at 400°C and 8 *** research revealed that CaH_(2)played a crucial role in promoting the activity of the Ni-carbonate interface for CO_(2)***_(2)could modify the electronic structure of Ni and tune the structural properties of CaCO_(3)to generate medium basic sites (OH groups),which are favorable for the activation of H2and CO_(2).In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis combined with density functional theory calculations demonstrated that CO_(2)activation occurs at the hydroxyl group (OH) on the CaH_(2)-modified Ni-carbonate surface,leading to the formation of CO_(3)H****,our study has confirmed that CO_(2)methanation over the Ni/CaH_(2)-CaCO_(3)catalysts proceeds via the formate pathway.

关键词： CO_(2)methanation Metal hydride Ni catalysts Carbonate Metal-carbonate interface

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Results of recent Pacific-Arctic ice-ocean modeling studies at the Naval postgraduate school

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2008年第2期19卷 230-236页

作者： Jaclyn Clement Kinney Wieslaw Maslowski Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School

Summary of results from a high - resolution pan - Arctic ice - ocean model are presented for the northern North Pacific, Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. The main focus is on the mean circulation, communication from the Gulf of Alaska across the Bering Sea into the western Arctic Ocean and on mesoscale eddy activity within several important ecosystems. Model results from 1979 -2004 are compared to observations whenever possible. The high spatial model resolution at 1/12o （or -9 - km） in the horizontal and 45 levels in the vertical direction allows for representation of eddies with diameters as small as 36 km. However, we believe that upcoming new model integrations at even higher resolution will allow us to resolve even smaller eddies. This is especially important at the highest latitudes where the Rossby radius of deformation is as small as 10 km or less.

关键词： numerical modeling high latitude oceanography North Pacific Bering Sea Chukchi Sea Beaufort Sea.

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