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Central nervous system and peripheral cell labeling by vascular endothelial cadherin-driven lineage tracing in adult mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1856-1866页

作者： Alejandro Soto-Avellaneda Brad E.Morrison Biomolecular Ph.D.program Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA Department of biological sciences Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA

Understanding the contribution of endothelial cells to the progenitor pools of adult tissues has the potential to inform therapies for human *** address whether endothelial cells transdifferentiate into non-vascular cell types,we performed cell lineage tracing analysis using transgenic mice engineered to express a fluorescent marker following activation by tamoxifen in vascular endothelial cadherin promoter-expressing cells(VEcad-CreERT2;B6 Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze).Activation of target-cell labeling following 1.5 months of ad libitum feeding with tamoxifen-laden chow in 4–5 month-old mice resulted in the tracing of central nervous system and peripheral cells that include:cerebellar granule neurons,ependymal cells,skeletal myocytes,pancreatic beta cells,pancreatic acinar cells,tubular cells in the renal cortex,duodenal crypt cells,ileal crypt cells,and hair follicle stem *** Nestin expression has been reported in a subset of endothelial cells,Nes-CreERT2 mice were also utilized in these *** tracing of cells in adult Nes-CreERT2 mice revealed the labeling of canonical progeny cell types such as hippocampal and olfactory granule neurons as well as ependymal ***,Nestin tracing also labeled skeletal myocytes,ileal crypt cells,and sparsely marked cerebellar granule *** findings provide support for endothelial cells as active contributors to adult tissue progenitor *** information could be of particular significance for the intravenous delivery of therapeutics to downstream endothelial-derived cellular *** animal experiments were approved by the Boise State University Institute Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.006-AC15-018)on October 31,2018.

关键词： endothelial lineage tracing progenitor cells transdifferentiation ve-cadherin

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Seed dispersal in Hong Kong,China:past,present and possible futures

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 97-109页

作者： Richard T.CORLETT Department of biological sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

In the present article,published and unpublished information regarding seed dispersal in the degraded landscape of Hong Kong,China,is *** was available for 1681 native plant species,of which 1165 were assigned to probable seed dispersal *** accounted for one-third(34.4%)of all species evaluated,half(54.4%)of those from forests,and more than two-thirds(69.2%)of all trees and tall *** dispersal(25.9%)and dispersal by an unknown agent(30.7%)accounted for most of the rest,with the unknown species mostly small-seeded *** the frugivore fauna of the Hong Kong region has been truncated since the late Pleistocene,there are few clear examples of failed *** most striking is the absence of scatter-hoarding rodents from Hong Kong,despite the presence of forest trees that appear to require them for effective *** are also some large Lauraceae fruits that appear to be targeted at larger-gaped birds than currently *** endozoochorous species are dispersed by 3 small passerine birds(Pycnonotus jocosus,***,and Zosterops japonicus),with larger birds,fruit bats(Cynopterus sphinx,Rousettus leschenaulti),rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta),civets(Paguma larvata,Viverricula indica),and muntjacs(Muntiacus muntjac)accounting for the *** low plant diversity in frugivore droppings,seed traps,and secondary vegetation suggests plant succession may be dispersal limited,although this has not been investigated *** underdispersed species is the simplest solution but,in the longer term,the(re)introduction of a scatter-hoarding rodent should be considered as well as that of other locally and regionally extinct frugivores.

关键词： China extinctions frugivory reintroduction seed dispersal

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Diversity of Microbial Community in a Paddy Soil with cry1Ac/cpti Transgenic Rice

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Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 349-358页

作者： SONG Ya-Na SU Jun CHEN Rui LIN Yan WANG Feng Institute of biological Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Two types of crylAc/cpti transgenic rice （GM1 and GM2） and their parental non-crylAc/cpti rice （CK1 and CK2） were planted in the field at Wufeng, Fhjian Province, China for four years to investigate the influence of genetically modified rice on diversity of bacterial and fungal community in the paddy soil. The community composition and abundance of bacteria or fungi in the paddy soil were assessed at different growth stages of rice by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time polymerase chain reaction based on 16S rRNA gene or SSU rRNA gene in the 4th year after the experimental establishment. The composition of bacterial or fungal community changed during rice growth, while no significant differences were observed between the fields cultivated with GM1 and CK1, or between the fields cultivated with GM2 and CK2 in either bacterial or fungal community composition. The copy numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA gene in the soils with CK1, CK2, GM1 and GM2 ranged from 5.64 x 10i1 to 6.89 x 10li copies g-1 dry soil at rice growth stages, and those of fungal SSU rRNA gene from 5.24 x 10s to 8.68 x l0s copies g-1 dry soil. There were no marked differences in the copies of bacterial 16S rRNA gene or fungal SSU rRNA gene between CK1 and GM1 or between CK2 and GM2 at any growth stage of rice. Planting crylAc/cpti transgenic rice had no significant effect on composition and abundance of bacterial and fungal community in paddy soil during the rice growing season at least in the short term.

关键词： bacterial community denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fungal community genetically modified plants real-time polymerase chain reaction

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Polycomb-group （Pc-G） Proteins Control Seed Development in Arabidopsis thaliana L.

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第1期49卷 52-59页

作者： Xiao-Xue Wang Li-Geng Ma National Institute of biological sciences Beijing 102206 China

Polycomb-group （Pc-G） proteins repress their target gene expression by assemble complexes in Drosophila and mammals. Three groups of Pc-G genes, controlling seed development, flower development and vernalization response, have been identified in Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana L.）. MEDEA （MEA）, FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 （FIS2）, and FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM （FIE） are Pc-G genes in Arabidopsis. Their functions in seed development have been extensively explored. The advanced findings of molecular mechanism on how MEA, FIS2 and FIE control seed development in Arabidopsis are reviewed in this paper.

关键词： Arabidopsis FIS1/MEA FIS2 FIS3/FIE Pc-G genes

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Temporal and spatial differentiation in microhabitat use: Implications for reproductive isolation and ecological niche specification

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 375-387页

作者： Amaël BORZÉE Jun Young KIM Marina Andrade Martins DA CUNHA Donggeun Lee Eunchong SIN Sunmin OH Yoonjung YI Yikweon JANG Department of Life sciences and Division of EcoScience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea Interdisciplinary program of EcoCreative Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea School of biological sciences Seoul National UniversityKorea

Niche differentiation enables ecologically similar species to coexist by lessening competition over food and/or shelters and may be critical for reproductive isolation between closely related species in close ***cause no extra traits need to evolve,spatial and temporal differentiation may readily take place to complement other isolating *** closely related treefrog species occur together in Korea:the endangered Hyla suweonensis and the widespread Hyla *** calls are differentiated,but it is unclear whether call difference is sufficient for reproductive *** tracked individuals of both species to study fine-scale differentiation in microhabitat use in the diel cycle of the breeding season using a harmonic direction *** male movement patterns of both species revealed spatial and temporal differentiation in microhabitat use for calling and resting during the breeding *** of both *** and *** occurred in all 5 microhabitats identified in this study:rice paddy,ground,buried,grass and *** treefrog species showed general similarities in calling from rice paddies and resting in grass and ***,*** moved into rice paddies and produced advertisement calls 3 h earlier than *** differences likely minimize contact between the species and provide an additional isolating *** addition,the activity of *** may be contributing to the decline of this species,as resting in grass would increase dangers from predatory birds and habitat disturbance.

关键词： harmonic direction finding hylid treefrog pre-mating isolation mechanisms spatial isolation temporal isolation

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Assessment of nitrogen maintenance requirement in juvenile Black Porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第1期27卷 63-68页

作者：朱秋华钱国英高有领汪财生 Zhejiang Wanli University College of Biological and Environmental Sciences

Nitrogen balance method and nitrogen-free diet were used in this study to determine nitrogen maintenance requirement (NM) and nitrogen maintenance requirement per unit metabolism body weight (NM’) of black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Fish with body weight (BW) of 50, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g were fed by the diets containing three graded levels of crude protein (380, 420 and 460 g/kg). The results from nitrogen balance experiment showed that the amount of nitrogen deposition varied from 0.15 to 0.31 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 12.2% to 21.1% of nitrogen intake. The amount of fecal nitrogen excretion varied from 0.21 to 0.32 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 16.3% to 21.6% of nitrogen intake. The endogenous nitrogen excretion, a main part of nitrogen consumption varied from 0.79 to 0.97 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 63.3 % to 68.0% of nitrogen intake. Positive correlation was found between NM and body weight, while a negative correlation was found between NM of unit body weight and the growth duration. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in NM’ among different growth stages. The average of NM’ was 0.485 7mg/g per day. The results from nitrogen-free diet experiment showed that a negative correlation between NM and feed intake of nitrogen-free diet. NM increased with the decrease of feed intake of fish. The average of NM was 0.482 9 mg/g BW per day that was close to 0.483 8 mg/g BW obtained from fish with 120 g BW in nitrogen balance experiment. The nitrogen balance method is recommended to be a better method for determining NM in consideration of fish stress and result stability. This study also provides a calculated result of the protein content in diets, which is necessary for maintaining fish body protein at different growth stages. The calculation was based on the amount of nitrogen required for maintaining body protein per kg BW.

关键词： Acanthopagrus schlegeli nitrogen balance nitrogen-free diet nitrogen maintenancerequirement protein contain levels

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Global Change Effects on Plant Chemical Defenses against Insect Herbivores

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1339-1354页

作者： M.Gabriela Bidart-Bouzat Adebobola Imeh-Nathaniel Department of biological sciences Bowling Green State University

This review focuses on individual effects of major global change factors, such as elevated CO2, O3, UV light and temperature, on plant secondary chemistry. These secondary metabolites are well-known for their role in plant defense against insect herbivory. Global change effects on secondary chemicals appear to be plant species-specifc and dependent on the chemical type. Even though plant chemical responses induced by these factors are highly variable, there seems to be some specificity in the response to different environmental stressors. For example, even though the production of phenolic compounds is enhanced by both elevated CO2 and UV light levels, the latter appears to primarily increase the concentrations of flavonoids. Likewise, specific phenolic metabolites seem to be induced by O3 but not by other factors, and an increase in volatile organic compounds has been particularly detected under elevated temperature. More information is needed regarding how global change factors influence inducibility of plant chemical defenses as well as how their indirect and direct effects impact insect performance and behavior, herbivory rates and pathogen attack. This knowledge is crucial to better understand how plants and their associated natural enemies will be affected in future changing environments.

关键词： elevated CO2 global climate change insect herbivory ozone plant chemical defenses plant-insect interactions plant secondary metabolites temperature tri-trophic interactions UV light.

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The endoplasmic reticulum: A dynamic and well-connected organelle

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第1期57卷 50-62页

作者： Chris Hawes Petra Kiviniemi Verena Kriechbaumer Department of biological and Medical sciences Oxford Brookes University

The endoplasmic reticulum forms the first compart- ment in a series of organelles which comprise the secretory pathway, it takes the form of an extremely dynamic and pleomorphic membrane-bounded network of tubules and cisternae which have numerous different cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the nature of endoplasmic reticulum structure and dynamics, its relationship with closely associated organelles, and its possible function as a highway for the distribution and delivery of a diverse range of structures from metabolic complexes to viral particles.

关键词： Actin endomembranes Golgi microtubules myosin

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Invading from the garden？ A comparison of leaf herbivory for exotic and native plants in natural and ornamental settings

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 677-682页

作者： Stephen F. Matter Jessica R.Brzyski Christopher J. Harrison Sara Hyams Clement Loo Jessica Loomis Hannah R. Lubbers Leeann Seastrum Trevor I. Stamper Adam M. Stein Richard Stokes Brandy S. Wilkerson Department of biological sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

The enemies release hypothesis proposes that exotic species can become in- vasive by escaping from predators and parasites in their novel environment. Agrawal et al. （Enemy release？ An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and below-ground enemies. Ecology, 86, 2979-2989） proposed that areas or times in which damage to introduced species is low provide opportunities for the invasion of native habitat. We tested whether ornamental settings may provide areas with low levels of herbivory for trees and shrubs, potentially facilitating invasion success. First, we compared levels of leaf herbivory among native and exotic species in ornamental and natural settings in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. In the second study, we compared levels of herbivory for invasive and noninvasive exotic species between natural and ornamental settings. We found lower levels of leaf damage for exotic species than for native species; however, we found no differences in the amount of leaf damage suffered in ornamental or natural settings. Our results do not provide any evidence that ornamental settings afford additional release from herbivory for exotic plant species.

关键词： enemies release hypothesis forest herbivory host plant suburban urban

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Rice Drying,Storage and Processing:Effects of post-Harvest Operations on Grain Quality

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Rice science 2022年第1期29卷 16-30页

作者： Amanda MÜLLER Marcela Trojahn NUNES Vanessa MALDANER Paulo Carteri CORADI Rosana Santos de MORAES Samuel MARTENS Andressa Fernandes LEAL Vladison Fogliato PEREIRA Cristielle König MARIN post-graduation program in Agricultural Engineering Rural Sciences CenterFederal University of Santa MariaCamobi 97105-900Santa MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Campus Cachoeira do SulFederal University of Santa MariaHighway Taufik Germano3013-Passo D’Areia 96503-205Cachoeira do SulRio Grande do SulBrazil

Various post-harvest processes of rice are commonly employed,especially during the off-season,to ensure its consumption feasibility,which often affect the grain *** forms of drying,storage and processing of rice are evaluated to identify their effects on grain *** drying has emerged as an alternative to the widely-used intermittent-drying and fixed-bed-dryer methods of drying paddy *** of drying-air temperatures(between 40℃ and 60℃)according to the rice variety can improve quality,especially for exotic *** stored grain in hygroscopic balance,with water content between 11%to 15%,at temperatures between 16℃ and 20℃ and with intergranular relative humidity near 60%,allows 12 months of storage in a controlled environment without significant *** innovations,notably the application of artificial refrigeration to grain stored in bulk in vertical cylindrical silos and the use of impermeable packaging for storage,ensure the conservation of grain *** different stages and equipments used to obtain polished,brown and parboiled rice result in significant changes in the nutritional value of rice because of the removal of the outermost layers of the *** reduces the nutritional value and physical homogeneity of *** rice retains more bioactive compounds and nutrients because it does not lose the outer layer of the grains in the polishing *** rice,although less nutritious than brown rice,has better grain integrity and milling yield and less loss of nutrients than white rice.

关键词： agricultural engineering post-harvest rice engineering quality in rice pre-processing rice process industry

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