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Effects of Partial Mixed Rations on Production, Composition and nutritional Value of Milk in Lactating Dairy Cows in Temperate Region of Argentina

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 852-872页

作者： Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Giovanni Alexander Quilaguy-Ayure Liliana Elisabet Antonacci Carlos Alberto Cangiano Instituto nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (InTA) Estación Experimental Balcarce Area de Producción Animal Balcarce Argentina posgrado en producción animal Unidad Integrada Balcarce INTA-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Balcarce Argentina

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three TMR: pasture ratios at 79:21 (T1), 58:42 (T2) and 33:67 (T3) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The response to the 100% TMR diet (TMR-100) was tested using an extra period of 14 days inmediately after finishing the Latin square schedule using the nine experimental cows. Total DM intake resulted higher in TMR-100 (28.2 (kg/cow·day) and decreased by 2.64 kg/cow·day in T1, 5.02 kg in T2 and 6.68 kg in T3. Yields of milk (31.2 kg/cow·day) and fat corrected milk (26.8 kg/cow·day) was similar between T1, T2 and T3. Milk yield resulted higher in TMR-100 (32.1 kg/cow·day) compared to T2 (30.7 kg/cow·day). Milk fat concentration (g/100 g) was higher in T2 (3.13) and T3 (3.20) compared to T1 (2.96) and TMR-100 (2.85) and milk fat yield did not differ. Milk protein content resulted higher in TMR-100 and T2 averaging 3.37 g/100 g compared to T1 (3.32 g/100 g). The lowest milk protein concentration was observed in T3 (3.29 g/100 g) that resulted only different to T2. Milk protein yield did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 averaging 1.03 kg/cow·day. A lower protein yield was detected in T2 (1.03) and T3 (1.00) when compared to TMR-100 (1.07). Efficiency of milk production (kg milk/kg DM intake) resulted higher in T3 (1.42) compared to T1 (1.25). Treatments that included pasture yielded a higher efficiency of milk production when compared to TMR-100 (1.13). Plasma urea concentration resulted lower in TMR-100 (33.8 mg/dl) with no significant differences for this parameter between the other treatments. Glucose plasma levels did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 but plasma non-esterified fatty acids (nEFA) gradually increased as the proportion of pasture was enhanced according to the lower energy intake. Plasma insulin levels were higher in TMR-100 and

关键词： Lactating Dairy Cows Milk Production Pasture Total Mixed Rations

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First isolation and identification of H1n1 swine influenza viruses in Colombian pig farms

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Health 2012年第10期4卷 983-990页

作者： Gloria Consuelo Ramirez-nieto Cesar Augusto Diaz Rojas Victor Julio Vera Alfonso Jairo Jaime Correa Jose Dario Mogollon Galvis Línea de Microbiología y Epidemiología Posgrado en Salud Animal Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia

The pig industry in Colombia has grown 30% in the last decade achieving high levels of technology and efficiency;in spite of that, respiratory diseases remain a constraint. Since 1970, serological evidence and histological findings suggested the role of swine influenza virus (SIV) as part of the porcine respiratory disease complex;nevertheless, elusive and molecular typing isolates are missing. This study was aimed at isolating SIV from intensive pig farms and to achieve molecular characterization to determine strains circulating in the field. In order to accomplish this goal, 242 samples were taken from nasal swabs, 25 from bronchial washes and 8 from lung tissue. Samples were collected during a period of three years, between 2008 and 2010 and were originated from 78 farms of the three main pig production regions of the country. The samples were transported in BHI broth with 2% antibiotic and antimycotic solution and stored at –70?C until processed. The swabs were inoculated in 9 - 11 days old embryo chicken eggs and in MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cell cultures with the addition of trypsin. The isolates were identified by the HA (hemoagglutination) test and by RT-PCR targeting the HA (hemagglutinin), nA (neuraminidase) and M (Matrix) genes. Full length sequence of the HA and nA glycoproteins from four selected virus isolates was conducted (Macrogen?. USA). As a result, fifteen SIV isolates from nine farms distributed in the three regions were obtained. Twelve of the isolates are related to the swine origin H1n1 virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. The remaining three viruses were related to classical swine influenza viruses.

关键词： Swine Influenza H1n1 Colombia First Isolation Classical Pandemic

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Protein Quality Evaluation of animal Food Proteins by <i>In-Vitro</i>Methodologies

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2013年第4期4卷 376-384页

作者： Jesús Manuel Barrón-Hoyos Adrian Rafael Archuleta María del Refugio Falcón-Villa Rafael Canett-Romero Francisco Javier Cinco-Moroyoqui Ana Lourdes Romero-Barancini Edgar Omar Rueda-Puente Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Universidad de Sonora Hermosillo Mexico. Departamento de Investigación y posgrado en Alimentos (DIPA) División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Universidad de Sonora Hermosillo Mexico

animal protein foods are undoubtedly among the most concentrated source of essential amino acids (AA) for the human diet. However, their high prices and diseases associated to their excessive consumption have fomented the consumption of other alternative sources of animal proteins such as those from marine or aquatic species. Sonora is a well recognized producer of animal foods in Mexico, both terrestrial and aquatic. In this study, the protein quality evaluation of these animal food sources, highly produced and consumed in Sonora, is proposed, using in-vitro methodologies. Four different species, from each aquatic and terrestrial origin, were selected. Samples of lean muscle were used in all cases. Various in-vitro methodologies for protein quality evaluation were selected, alternatives to the animal bioassays: % digestibility, Total amino acid analyses (HPLC), PDCAAS, computerized PER calculations (C-PER and DC-PER) and total collagen contents. % in-vitro digestibility presented significant differences among samples from terrestrial species, but muscle from aquatic species did not showed significant differences. All sources of proteins, both aquatic and terrestrial proved to be rich sources of essential amino acids. PDCAAS was unable to establish significant differences in protein quality among sources of protein from different origin. Both methods C-PER and DC-PER were more exact in their results and were able to detect significant differences among samples of different origin. An important finding was the great difference in the total collagen content between aquatic and terrestrial sources of proteins, where terrestrial muscle proteins had almost 10-time more collagen than aquatic protein sources. However, these collagen contents did not seem to have a significant influence in the protein quality of these animal proteins. These muscle proteins, from both aquatic and terrestrial species, confirmed to have a high protein quality and some of the in-vitro methodolo

关键词： animal Food Proteins Protein Quality In-Vitro Methodologies

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Effect of different anesthetic mixtures——ketamine-xylazine, ketamine-acepromazine and tiletamine-zolazepam——on the physiological and blood biochemistry parameters of male rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta) at different ages

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animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第2期2卷 83-97页

作者： Braulio Hernández‐Godínez Herlinda Bonilla Jaime Adrián Poblano Marcela Arteaga‐Silva Ameyalli Medina Hernández Armando Contreras‐Uribe Alejandra Ibanez-Contreras posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Unidad Iztapalapa Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México México Investigación Biomédica Aplicada (InBIOMA) S.A.S. de C.V. Ciudad de México México Alimentos y Camas Zoosanitarias (ACAZOO) S. de R.L. Ciudad de México México Departamento Biología de la Reproducción Unidad Iztapalapa Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México México Laboratorio de neurofisiología Cognoscitiva Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Ciudad de México México

Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.

关键词： acepromazine anesthesia blood biochemistry ketamine Macaca mulatta physiologic parameters tiletamine xylazine zolazepam

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Optimization of Zeaxanthin Production by Immobilized <i>Flavobacterium</i>sp. Cells in Fluidized Bed Bioreactor

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 598-604页

作者： Ma Del Carmen Chavez-Parga Alejandro Munguia-Franco Mayanin Aguilar-Torres Eleazar M. Escamilla-Silva Division de Estudios de posgrado Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Morelia Mexico Laboratorio de Biotecnologia y Bioingenieria Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya Celaya Mexico

From time immemorial, human beings have used pigments made from vegetables, fruits, superior plants, animal tissues and cereals. One of the greatest sources of pigments is the bacterium that, with the use of the modern technology, has increased the production of metabolites of interest. The microbiological production of carotenoids has not been optimized to obtain pigment production quantities of pigments and carotenoids recovery that lower production costs. The aim of this work was to design a Zeaxanthin production process with Flavobacterium sp. immobilized cells in a fluidized bed bioreactor. An optimum culture medium for Zeaxanthin production in stirred flasks (2.46 g·L–1) was obtained. Furthermore, optimum process conditions for a maximum yield of Zeaxanthin production, by fluidized bed bioreactor, were established. A statistical analysis showed that the most significant factors were air flow, pH and naCl concentration (4.5 g·L–1). In this study a maximum Zeaxanthin production of 3.8 g·L–1 was reached. The highest reported yield to date was 0.329 g·L–1.

关键词： Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Orthogonal Design Flavobacterium sp. Zeaxanthin

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