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Distinct and Additive Effects of Alcohol and Thiamine Deficiency in the Developing Brain: Relevance to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第6期14卷 161-186页

作者： Suzanne M. de la Monte Elizabeth Silbermann Ming Tong Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology) Neurology and Neurosurgery Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Medicine Brown University Providence RI USA Rhode Island hospital Providence RI USA Women & Infants hospital Providence RI USA Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA portland VA Medical Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA

Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are linked to brain insulin resistance and oxidative stress. However, the role of thiamine deficiency as a distinct or additive factor in the pathogenesis of the neurodevelopmental and metabolic derangements in FASD has not been determined. Methods: Control and ethanol-exposed human PNET2 cerebellar neuronal cells and rat cerebellar slice cultures were treated with vehicle or pyrithiamine (Pyr) to assess independent and additive effects of thiamine deficiency on ethanol-mediated neurotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inhibition of neuronal and glial genes, and oxidative stress. Results: Pyr treatments (0 - 200 µM) caused dose-dependent cell loss (Crystal Violet assay) and reduced mitochondrial function (MTT assay) in PNET2 neuronal cultures. Ethanol alone (100 mM) significantly reduced PNET2 neuronal viability, MTT activity, and ATP production. Over the broad dose range of Pyr treatment, ethanol significantly reduced ATP content and cell number and increased mitochondrial mass (MitoTracker Green). Ex vivo cerebellar slice culture studies revealed ethanol-induced developmental architectural disruption that was substantially worsened by Pyr. The adverse effects of ethanol were linked to increased lipid peroxidation and inhibition of asparatyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH) expression. The independent and additive effects of Pyr were associated with increased cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, Caspase 3 activation, and Tau accumulation. Conclusions: During development, alcohol exposure and thiamine deficiency exert distinct but overlapping molecular pathologies that ultimately impair the structure and function of cerebellar neurons. While both insults drive cell loss and mitochondrial dysfunction with increased lipid peroxidation, ethanol’s additional inhibitory effects on ASPH reflect impairments in insulin and IGF signaling. In contrast, Pyr’s main adverse e

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Thiamine Deficiency Cerebellum Slice Culture Pyrithiamine

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Evaluating for unrecognized deficits in perimetry associated with functional upper eyelid malposition

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2024年第1期4卷 39-44页

作者： Linyan Wang Davin C.Ashraf Michael Deiner Oluwatobi O.Idowu Seanna R.Grob Bryan J.Winn M Reza Vagefi Robert C.Kersten Department of Ophthalmology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina Department of Ophthalmology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA Department of Ophthalmology Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUSA Department of Ophthalmology Tufts Medical CenterBostonUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA

Objective:To investigate whether functional upper eyelid malposition is associated with unrecognized deficits in automated perimetry among glaucoma patients by examining patients undergoing eyelid surgery who had not been identified as requiring eyelid taping during glaucoma field ***:In this retrospective pre-post study,an automated database search followed by manual chart review was used to identify eligible patients from January 2012 to March *** patients had reliable visual field testing within two years before and after functional upper blepharoplasty or ptosis repair and no comorbid ocular *** part of routine practice,glaucoma visual field technicians taped patients with pupil-obstructing eyelid malposition;taped examinations were excluded from *** and demographic characteristics,mean deviation,and pattern standard deviation were evaluated within a two year period before and after eyelid ***:The final analysis included 60 eyes of 38 *** in visual field parameters after eyelid surgery did not reach statistical significance in crude or adjusted *** patients with ptosis,the margin reflex distance-1 was not associated with change in mean deviation after surgery(Pearson R2=0.0061;P=0.700).Five of 17 eyes excluded from analysis due to unreliable pre-operative visual fields demonstrated substantial improvement after ***:Functional upper eyelid malposition does not appear to cause spurious visual field abnormalities among glaucoma patients with reliable visual fields who were determined not to require eyelid taping at the time of their visual *** visual fields could be a sign of eyelid interference in this population.

关键词： Visual field Ptosis Dermatochalasis Glaucoma Perimetry Visually significant

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Irritable bowel syndrome treated by traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012年第4期32卷 565-570页

作者： Liuxin Qu Liyang Xing Wanda Norman Hong Chen Song Gao Zhongda hospital Southeast University Acupuncturist at Gateway Sports Medicine PortlandOR 97216USA

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation(TCSOM) in treating irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) compared with pinaverium bromide Dicetel(PBD),and to assess a possible cause for ***:Two hundred ten IBS patients were randomly divided into the TCSOM group and the PBD *** patients in the TCSOM group were treated with spinal manipulations 5 *** intensity was assessed on a visual analogue scale and symptoms were evaluated based on bowel symptom scale(BSS) scores before and after treatment.A symptom improvement rating(SIR) was implemented to evaluate the effects of treatment,and to statistically compare theTCSOM and PBD ***:Post-treatment subjective assessment for the TCSOM treatment group showed that 92 cases had excellent results,10 cases had good results,3 cases had fair results,and 0 cases had poor *** the PBD group,30 cases had excellent results,41 cases had good results,12 cases had fair results,and 22 cases had poor *** to the SIR,which was based on the BSS,the TCSOM group included 92 cases with excellent results,10 cases with good results and 3 cases with poor *** were no adverse side effects from *** on the BSS,the PBD group had 30 cases with excellent results,41 cases with good results,and 34 cases with poor *** found that the symptom rating in the BSS in the TCSOM group showed a more significant improvement,such as a reduction in the severity and frequency of symptoms,compared with that in the PBD group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Displacement of intervertebral discs and/or vertebra in the thoracic or lumbar region appears to be a contributing factor in the symptoms of *** this displacement of intervertebral discs and/or vertebra to resolve the stimuli caused by pressure exerted on the nerves and vessels around the spine is an effective treatment for IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Manipula-tion, orthopedic Intervertebral disk displacement Bowel symptom scale

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Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer： not so simple

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 187-188页

作者： Nicholas N Tadros Mark Garzotto Division of Urology Oregon Health ＆ Science UniversityPortland OR 97239 USA and 2portland VA MedicalCenter 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Pd. PortlandOR 97239 USA

Prostate cancer （PC） is the second most diagnosed visceral malignancy in men worldwide, with over 900 000 new diagnoses each year.1 Approximately 50% of patients treated in industrialized nations will receive androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） at some point in their lifetimes.2 The use of ADT as a treatment approach is likely to increase as new drug developments have focused on intensifying the effect of reducing androgen receptor activation.

关键词： Androgens Physics Wells

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Contribution of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第2期34卷 86-93页

作者： Lingshu Zhang Yi Yuan Qiang Xu Zhengyu Jiang Cong-Qiu Chu Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239USA Rheumatology Section VA Portland Healthcare SystemPortlandOR 97239USA Department of Rheumatology and Immunology the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130021China

Neutrophils are major innate immune effector cells for host defense and have been a topic of active research for their participation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis(RA)due to recently discovered neutrophil extracellular trap(NET) formation. NET formation and other mechanisms leading to the release of neutrophil nuclear and cytoplasmic contents are implicated as a source of citrullinated antigens in RA. Further investigations are required to delineate what factors diverge neutrophils from host defense to autoimmune response in RA.

关键词： neutrophils rheumatoid arthritis NET formation

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In Vitro Validation of Tissue Doppler Left Ventricular Regional Wall Velocities by Using a Novel Balloon Phantom

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2001年第4期21卷 337-340页

作者：吴瑛李小魁 Shenzhen People’s hospital The Second Teaching Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen Clinical Care for Congenital Heart Disease Oregon Health Sciences University Portland USA

To investigate the validity and accuracy of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) using a novel balloon phantom, validation of TDI myocardial velocity measurements has been carried out indirectly from conventional M mode images. However it is not a true and independent gold standard. We described a new TDI validation method by using a specially developed left ventricular balloon model mounted in a water bath and constructed using two pear shaped balloons. It was connected to a pulsatile flow pump at 8 stroke volumes (50-85 ml/beat). The displacement and velocity of the balloon walls were recorded simultaneously by video imaging and TDI on a GE Vingmed System Five with a 5 MHz phased array probe at the highest frame rates available. Conventional M mode and 2 D imaging verified that our balloon model mimicked the shape and wall motion of left ventricle. There was a good correlation and agreement between the maximum video excursion of the anterior and posterior walls of the phantom and the results of the temporal integration of digital distance data by TDI (Anterior wall: r =0.97, SEE=0.24 mm, ±s =0.04±0.24 mm; Posterior wall: r =0.95, SEE=0.22 mm, ±s =0.03±0.24 mm). Analysis of the velocity profile by the TDI method showed that the velocity at each measured point was correlated well with the velocity obtained from the video images (Anterior wall: r =0.97, SEE=0.30 mm, ±s =-0.04±0.28 mm; Posterior wall: r =0.97, SEE=0.30 mm, ±s =0.04±0.28 mm). Our balloon model provided a new independent method for the validation of TDI data. This study demonstrated that the present TDI system is reliable for measuring wall motion distance and velocity.

关键词： tissue Doppler imaging in vitro left ventricular regional velocity

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Clinical effect of traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation in treatment of chondromalacia patellae

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第6期36卷 718-723页

作者： Qu Liuxin Xing Liyang Wanda Norman Li Mingju Guo Yi Gao Song Li Ping Department of Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China Acupuncturist at Gateway Sports Medicine Portland 97216 USA

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation(TCSOM) in treating chondromalacia patellae(CP).METHODS: Sixty cases of CP patients were randomly assigned to a TCSOM group and a Celecoxib group according to the random number table method. All patients in the TCSOM group were treated with a maximum of 10 spinal manipulations and rehabilitation training of quadriceps femoris. The symptoms before and after treatment were assessed with visual analog scale(VAS) and Kujala functional knee scoring system(KFKSS). A symptom improvement rate(SIR) was implemented in order to evaluate the effects of the ***: The symptoms of 16 patients in the TC-SOM group quickly resolved after the first spinal manipulation and 8 cases were significantly improved. The VAS scores in the TCSOM group after 4weeks of treatment were significantly lower than those in the Celecoxib group. The KFKSS scores in the TCSOM group after 4 weeks of treatment were significantly higher than those in the Celecoxib group. Side effects of the treatment were not reported. Symptom improvement rate based on the VAS in the TCSOM group indicated more significant improvements than the Celecoxib ***: TCSOM has greater efficacy than Celecoxib capsules for relief of the symptoms of CP.

关键词： Chondromalacia patellae Manipulation,spinal Orthopedics Point EX B2(Jiaji) Visual analog scale

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The relationship between second trimester alpha fetoprotein levels and adverse pregnancy outcome

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第2期3卷 262-266页

作者： Rebecca Allen Shemoon Marleen Luxmi Velauthar Kevin Harrington Joseph Aquilina Department of Fetal Medicine Royal London Hospital London UK portland hospital Great Portland Street London UK

Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: East London hospital. Subjects: 724 women who had maternal serum alphafetoprotein levels measured between 15 to 19 weeks gestation. Main outcome measure: The main outcome measures were defined as any case of preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth- weight th centile, placental abruption, stillbirth or early neonatal death. Methods: Women with MSAFP > 2.0 Multiples of Median (MoM) were classified as screen positive. Results: 41 (5.7%) women developed preeclampsia. Women with MSAFP > 2.0 Multiples of the Median (MoM) were significantly more likely to develop preeclampsia (p th centile

关键词： AFP Alpha Fetoprotein Pre-Eclampsia Small for Gestational Age Still Birth Placental Abruption

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A Clinical Observation of Functional Abdominal Pain Syndrome in Patients Treated by Traditional Chinese Spinal Orthopedic Manipulation

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第2期24卷 140-146页

作者： QU Liu-xin XING Li-yang Wanda Norman CHEN Hong LI Ming-ju GAO Song LI Ping Department of Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009 China Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China Acupuncturist at Gateway Sports Medicine Portland OR 97216 USA Department of Gastroenterology Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Naniina 210009. China

Objective： To evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation（TCSOM） in treating patients with functional abdominal pain syndrome（FAPS） in comparison with Pinaverium Bromide（Dicetel, PBD）, and to assess a possible cause for FAPS. Methods： Eighty patients with FAPS were randomly and equally assigned to the TCSOM group and PBD group according to the random number table. All patients in the TCSOM group were treated with a maximum of 5 times of spinal manipulations. Patients in the PBD group were instructed to take 50 mg 3 times a day, consistently for 2 weeks. The symptoms of pre-and post-treatment were assessed on a visual analog scale（VAS） pain score. A symptom improvement rating（SIR） was implemented to evaluate the effects of the treatments. Results： The symptoms of 27 cases of the TCSOM group were relieved soon after the first TCSOM treatment and 9 cases were significantly improved. The VAS pain scores in the TCSOM group were significantly lower than those in the PBD group after 2 weeks treatment. According to the SIR based on VAS, the TCSOM group included 30 cases with excellent results, 7 cases with good, and 3 cases with poor. Adverse events to the treatment were not reported. Based on VAS, the PBD group reported 8 cases with excellent results, 10 cases with good and 22 cases with poor. There was a significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.01）. Conclusions： The displacement of intervertebral discs and/or vertebra in the thoracic or lumbar region seems to be a contributing factor in the symptoms of FAPS. TCSOM is an effective treatment for FAPS.

关键词： functional abdominal pain syndrome spinal manipulation orthopedic Jiaji(EX-B2) Back-Shu acupoints visual analog scale

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Changes in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mRNA expression in rat cortex after cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第13期6卷 995-999页

作者： Shuqin Zhan An Zhou Jingquan Lan Tao Yang Department of Neurology Second Affiliated Hospital Medical School ofXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 Shaanxi Province China Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories Legacy Clinic Research and Technology Center Portland OR USA

Oxidized low density lipoprotein is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） can increase the level of low density lipoprotein. Therefore, this study assumed that PCSK9 plays important roles in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The present study established transient focal cerebral ischemia models after 100 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. In situ hybridization demonstrated that PCSK9 mRNA expression increased gradually with prolonged reperfusion time in ischemic cortices. This indicated that transient focal cerebral ischemia upregulated PCSK9 mRNA expression in ischemic cortices.

关键词： cerebral ischemia proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mRNA cortex neural regeneration

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