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Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society orthopedic surgeons in the United States:An analysis of geographical distribution,academic,leadership,and demographic characteristics

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 147-155页

作者： Amir Human Hoveidaei Reza Niakan Seyed Hossein Hosseini-Asl Abijith Annasamudram Janet D Conway International Center for Limb Lengthening Rubin Institute for Advanced OrthopedicsSinai Hospital of BaltimoreBaltimoreMD 21215United States Student research Committee Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 73Iran Students’scientific research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

BACKGROUND The Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society(LLRS)is a premier orthopedic specialty organization that promotes limb reconstruction for all *** membership characteristics,however,are poorly *** study delineates orthopedic surgeon LLRS members’demographic traits,academic achievement,leadership attainment,and geographical distribution across the United *** To inform aspiring orthopedic professionals,as well as to promote growth and diversity in both the LLRS organization and overarching *** This cross-sectional study examined United States LLRS members’academic,leadership,demographic,and geographical *** reviewing the 2023 LLRS member directory,Google search results were matched to the listings and appended to the compiled *** and ethnicity were evaluated visually utilizing retrieved *** Hirsch index(H-index)of academic activity,residency and fellowship training,other graduate degrees,leadership positions,practice type(academic or non-academic),and spoken languages were *** members per state and capita determined geographic *** Mann Whitney U test was applied to compare H-index between males and females,as well as to assess member differences pertaining to affiliation with academic vs non-academic practice *** The study included 101 orthopedic surgeons,78(77.23%)Caucasian and 23(22.77%)non-Caucasian,79(78.22%)male and 22(21.78%)*** with DO degrees comprised only 3.96%(4)of the cohort,while the vast majority held MDs[96.04%(97)].Mean H-index was 10.55,with male surgeons having a significantly higher score(P=0.002).Most orthopedic surgeons(88.12%,)practiced in academic *** those professionals who occupied leadership positions,14%were women,while 86%were ***,19(37.25%)United States regions and the District of Columbia lacked an LLRS-member orthopedic *** per capita rate across the United States was 0.30 LLRS orthopedic

关键词： Limb lengthening and reconstruction Orthopedic surgeon demographics Orthopedic surgeon societal membership Orthopedic fellowships

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Risk assessment of oil and gas investment environment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1429-1443页

作者： Bao-Jun Tang Chang-Jing Ji Yu-Xian Zheng Kang-Ning Liu Yi-Fei Ma Jun-Yu Chen Center for Energy and Environmental Policy research Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing BeijingChina Sustainable Development research institute for Economy and Society of Beijing BeijingChina institute of Carbon Neutrality ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China

With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.

关键词： Belt and Road Initiative Oil and Gas Investment Risk assessment

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CdTe QDs@SiO2 composite material for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline composites

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期5卷 533-542页

作者： Taihang Zhou Fen Qiao Sen Qian Shoaib Muhammad Haitao Li Yanzhen Liu School of Energy & Power Engineering Jiangsu University institute for Energy research Jiangsu University

In the contemporary context,tetracycline is widely utilized as a prevalent antibiotic in various facets of ***,the excessive use of antibiotics has caused visible environmental ***,the scientific community has increasingly focused on developing catalysts that exhibit exceptional efficacy in the proficient degradation of *** this study,a novel nanomaterial was developed to encapsulate Cd Te quantum dots （QDs） with a *** distinct synthesis approach generated a composite material that showed heterogeneity and considerably increased the contact area with ***,the transfer of photoelectron to the SiO2spheres was significantly improved,leading to a more efficient separation during the catalytic *** study investigated how different factors,such as the loading of the catalyst,the initial concentration of tetracycline,p H levels,and the wight ratio of Cd Te QDs （SiO2+Cd Te QDs） affected the effectiveness of photocatalytic tetracycline *** findings indicated that the optimal degradation efficiency was observed at a catalyst concentration of 0.25 g/L and a solution p H of 9,leading to an impressive degradation rate of 96%within a mere 2 h timeframe.

关键词： Photocatalysis Silica-based catalyst Photocatalytic degradation Photocatalytic mechanism

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Closing the Experiment-Modeling-Perturbation Loop in Whole-Brain Neuroscience

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1212-1214页

作者： Misha B.Ahrens Janelia research Campus Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVAUSA

Understanding the mechanisms by which the central nervous system processes information,forms memories,makes decisions,and executes actions is a challenging *** is an interdisciplinary field in which cell biology,anatomy,network theory,and other scientific disciplines come together to jointly push our knowledge of brain function forward.

关键词： execute knowledge jointly

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Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1075-1087页

作者： Hyeongmun Kim Chul Kang Dogeun Jang Yulan Roh Sang Hwa Lee Joong Wook Lee Jae Hee Sung Seong Ku Lee Ki-Yong Kim Advanced Photonics research institute GISTGwangju61005Korea Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECHPohang37673Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangju61005Korea institute for research in Electronics and Applied Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742USA

Terahertz(THz)waves,known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies,can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and ***,we demonstrate the generation of ionizing,multicycle,15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses.A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy,pulse duration,and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per *** particular,a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical *** intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma *** study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases,which will open up new opportunities,including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.

关键词： optical interferometer matched

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Modification of streamer-to-leader transition model based on radial thermal expansion in the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第1期26卷 42-49页

作者：耿江海林果王平丁玉剑丁杨俞华 Department of Electric Power Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003People’s Republic of China China Electric Power research institute Beijing 100192People’s Republic of China Xinjiang Electric Power Company research institute Urumchi 830000People’s Republic of China Shanxi Electric Power Company research institute Taiyuan 030001People’s Republic of China

Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude *** this work,sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra High Voltage(UHV)test base at an altitude of 2200 *** experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current,electric field intensity and instantaneous optical *** duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-toleader transition were obtained at high *** on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem,we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude,and calculated the stem temperature,stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader *** with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m,the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%,while the classical model was 6.97%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified *** the comparisons and analysis,several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.

关键词： streamer-to-leader transition model high altitude streamer stem convective diffusion radial thermal expansion

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An adaptive finite-difference method for seismic traveltime modeling based on 3D eikonal equation

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 195-205页

作者： Bao-Ping Qiao Qing-Qing Li Wei-Guang He Dan Zhao Qu-Bo Wu CNNC Beijing research institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShangdongChina SINOPEC Geophysical research institute Nanjing211103JiangsuChina

3D eikonal equation is a partial differential equation for the calculation of first-arrival traveltimes and has been widely applied in many scopes such as ray tracing,source localization,reflection migration,seismic monitoring and tomographic *** recent years,many advanced methods have been developed to solve the 3D eikonal equation in heterogeneous ***,there are still challenges for the stable and accurate calculation of first-arrival traveltimes in 3D strongly inhomogeneous *** this paper,we propose an adaptive finite-difference(AFD)method to numerically solve the 3D eikonal *** novel method makes full use of the advantages of different local operators characterizing different seismic wave types to calculate factors and traveltimes,and then the most accurate factor and traveltime are adaptively selected for the convergent updating based on the Fermat *** with global fast sweeping describing seismic waves propagating along eight directions in 3D media,our novel method can achieve the robust calculation of first-arrival traveltimes with high precision at grid points either near source point or far away from source point even in a velocity model with large and sharp *** numerical examples show the good performance of the AFD method,which will be beneficial to many scientific applications.

关键词： 3D eikonal equation Accurate traveltimes Global fast sweeping 3D inhomogeneous media Adaptive finite-difference method

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Response of soil nutrients to terracing and environmental factors in the Loess Plateau of China

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 230-240页

作者： Die Chen Wei Wei Liding Chen Bojun Ma Hao Li Department of Soil and Water Conservation Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan 430010China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China research Center on Mountain Torrent&Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources Wuhan 430010China

Terracing is a widely adopted agricultural practice in mountainous regions around the world that aims to conserve soil and water *** nutrients play a crucial role in determining soil quality,particularly in landscapes prone to *** are influenced by factors such as land-use type,slope aspect,and *** this study,we sought to examine the impact of terracing on soil nutrients(soil organic content(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate-nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK),and available potassium(AK))and how they vary with environmental factors in the Chinese Loess *** the growing season,we collected 540 soil samples from the 0 to 100 cm soil layer across five major land-use types,different slope aspects,and varying ***,a meta-analysis of literature data further corroborated the effective accumulation of soil nutrients through terracing in the Loess *** findings are as follows:(1)Terraced fields,regardless of land-use type,showed a significant improvement in SOC and TN content.(2)Soil nutrient contents within terraced fields were predominantly higher on sunny slopes.(3)Terraces at lower altitudes are characterized by elevated SOC concentrations.(4)A meta-analysis of literature data pertaining to terracing and soil nutrients in this region confirmed the effective accumulation of soil nutri-ents through *** elucidated outcomes of this study offer a profound theoretical underpinning for the accurate planning and management of terraces,the scientific utilization of land resources,and the enhancement of land productivity.

关键词： Terrace Soil nutrients Land-use Slope aspect Altitude Loess Plateau

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Presepsin as a biomarker of bacterial translocation and an indicator for the prescription of probiotics in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 822-831页

作者： Irina Efremova Roman Maslennikov Elena Poluektova Oleg Medvedev Anna Kudryavtseva George Krasnov Maria Fedorova Filipp Romanikhin Maria Zharkova Oxana Zolnikova Gyunay Bagieva Vladimir Ivashkin Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologySechenov UniversityMoscow 119435Russia Department of scientific Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human MicrobiomeMoscow 119435Russia Department of Pharmacology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119192Russia Department of Post-Genomic research Laboratory Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

BACKGROUND The gut–liver axis and bacterial translocation are important in cirrhosis,but there is no available universal biomarker of cellular bacterial translocation,for which presepsin may be a *** To evaluate the relationship of the blood presepsin levels with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis in the absence of obvious *** This study included 48 patients with Child–Pugh cirrhosis classes B and C and 15 healthy *** fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene *** levels of presepsin were measured.A total of 22 patients received a probiotic(Saccharomyces boulardii)for 3 *** Presepsin levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy individuals[342(91-2875)vs 120(102-141)pg/mL;P=0.048].Patients with elevated presepsin levels accounted for 56.3%of all included *** had lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and overall severity of cirrhosis as assessed using the Child–Pugh *** with elevated presepsin levels had an increased abundance of the main taxa responsible for bacterial translocation,namely Bacilli and Proteobacteria(including the main class Gammaproteobacteria and the minor taxa Xanthobacteraceae and Stenotrophomonas),and a low abundance of bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae(including the minor genus Fusicatenibacter),which produce short-chain fatty acids that have a positive effect on intestinal barrier *** presepsin level directly correlated with the relative abundance of Bacilli,Proteobacteria,and inversely correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and *** 3 months of taking the probiotic,the severity of cirrhosis on the Child–Pugh scale decreased significantly only in the group with elevated presepsin levels[from 9(8-11)to 7(6-9);P=0.004],while there were no significant changes in the group with normal presepsin levels[from 8(7-8)to 7(6-8);P=0.123].A high level of presepsin

关键词： Dysbiosis Gut Intestinal permeability Leaky gut Gut-liver axis Liver Microbiota

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加速实现可持续发展目标:来自中国的见解

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Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 574-577页

作者：皋磊 Commonwealth scientific and Industrial research Organisation Waite CampusUrrbrae SA 5064Australia

Since the inception of the United Nations’2030 Agenda,commonly known as the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),in2015,we have now reached the halfway point in this ambitious global ***,progress towards the SDGs has veered significantly off track,partly due to key global changes such as the COVID-19 pandemic[1],necessitating an immediate acceleration of efforts[2,3](as shown in Fig.1a).While the SDGs represent a global consensus,the substantial work required to achieve them needs to be carried out at the national,regional,and local scales,where concrete and feasible actions must be taken to accelerate the SDG achievement within the 2030 *** underscores the urgent need for science-driven transformations to fully achieve SDGs in the remaining seven ***,the information necessary to support these transformations is still lacking,highlighting the pressing requirement for corresponding research *** endeavors should encompass gaining a comprehensive understanding of the current status of SDG implementations across varying scales,identifying the bottlenecks that hinder progress,setting priorities for implementation,and exploring pathways to expedite progress.

关键词：可持续发展目标 Sustainable hinder

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