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High Field MRI in Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)

Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第3期7卷 190-198页

作者： Cherif Mohamadou Aidara Caroline Magne Philomene Kouna Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba Radiology Office of Fann University Hospital Dakar-Fann Sénégal Internal Medecine Office of polyclinique el rapha Trois Quartiers Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of polyclinique el rapha Trois Quartiers Libreville Gabon

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping thickness is a forest and rural disease;where agriculture is the main activity. It is a chronic and lethal disease without treatment. HAT is caused by two parasites;Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense (gTB) and Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense (rTB) transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly. It is endemic condition in Africa between the 15° north latitude and the 20° south latitude. It is reported outside this area in travelers who stayed in endemic zone. Infection by gTB is wider and more frequent (98%) than that by rTB (2%). The Democratic Republic of Congo is the most affected country with more than 75% of reported cases. The geographical distribution is not homogeneous. There are more affected regions in a zone called “foci” which represents areas favorable to the development of the vector. Its diagnosis and treatment are very important because of its social and economic impact at both the individual and community levels. Promising molecules including fexinidazole are currently undergoing testing. Nowadays populations move more and more easily but the discovery of this disease in daily neuroradiological practice is exceptional. We propose in this paper through two observations, reminders on epidemiological, clinical and MRI features of HAT. It typically performs the edematous, bilateral and diffuse encephalitis. It is important to distinguish these aspects from the arsenic-induced encephalitis that may occur during treatment. Only vector control allows eradicating this disease. WHO has set targets elimination of HAT as a public health problem for 2020 deadline.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis High Field MRI Diffuse Encephalitis Optic Tract Arsenic-Induced Encephalitis

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MRI Signal Abnormalities of the Optic Tracts, a Marker of Meningoencephalitis Caused by Trypanosoma Gambiense (TG)—A Delayed Patho-Radlological Correlation

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Cherif Mohamadou Aidara Caroline Magne Nfally Badji Lera Geraud Akpo Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Hamidou Deme Philomène Kouna Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba elhadj Niang Radiology Office of “De la Paix University Hospital” Ziguinchor Senegal Internal Medicine Office of polyclinique el rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Radiology Office of polyclinique el rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Parasitic meningoencephalitis presents several etiologies which sometimes depend on their geographical location. They require thorough blood and cerebrospinal fluid check-up for directing an efficient treatment. Clinicians and radiologists are constantly looking for specific signs that could point to a particular etiology. The meningoencephalitis caused by Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TG) is a rare disease characterized by a slow progression, over years sometimes. Its non-specific presentation either clinically or in imaging can lead to misdiagnosis and thus, delay the treatment. However, involvement of the optic tracts seems to be characteristic of this condition, on old data from animal experimentation and recent high-field MRI data. MRI is the best current technique to explore the brain, cranial nerves, and visual pathways. In this article, we are going to present two observations of meningoencephalitis caused by HAT and then discuss some specific aspects of this neglected and re-emerging disease.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense Diffuse Meningo-Encephalitis Optic Tract Evolvement

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Management and Development of Newborns from Mothers Carrying HBsAg at the el rapha Polyclinic in Libreville, Gabon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 468-478页

作者： eliane Kuissi Kamgaing Steeve Minto’o Rogombe Aude-Mariella Lembet Mikolo Raïssa Koumba Maniaga Edmée Mintsa Mi Nkama Edgar-Brice Ngoungou Maiga Aité Blaise Okissi Marcelle Djiomo Simon Ategbo polyclinique el rapha Libreville Gabon Département de Pédiatrie Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS) Libreville Gabon Department of Biostatistics Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS) Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a significant public health problem. Infected children Objective: We aimed to assess newborns’ management and outcome from reactive HBs Ag mothers at the El Rapha Polyclinic in Libreville, Gabon. Methodology: Prospective longitudinal study, carried out over four years, including all neonates born from reactive HBsAg mothers admitted in the delivery room. The parameters studied were maternal age, gestation, marital status, pregnancy follow-up, hepatitis B vaccination status, knowledge of hepatitis B, anti-Hbc antibodies’ levels, HBeAg. For the newborn: term, birth weight, management at birth, and hepatitis B serological status at 12 months. Results: We included 45 newborns. Mothers’ mean age was 30.9 ± seven years. In 32.6% of cases, antenatal consultations were ≤4, and 9.3% were vaccinated for hepatitis B. Mothers had chronic hepatitis in 74.4% of cases. All neonates were vaccinated for hepatitis B at birth;68.9% received hepatitis B immunoglobulin. At 12 months, 77.8% had HBs antibody positive, and 6.7% were HBsAg positive. Conclusion: Hepatitis B prevalence is significant among parturients. It is essential to set up a national strategy for managing the mother-child couple in a context of positive HBsAg.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis B Newborn Management Evolution Gabon

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High-Field MRI Contribution in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS). Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第3期8卷 141-149页

作者： Chérif Mohamadou Aidara Philomène Kouna Jennifer Nyangui Mapaga Nfally Badji Hamidou Deme Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba el Hadj Niang Radiology Department Fann University Hospital Dakar Sénégal Neurology Department El Rapha Polyclinic Trois Quartiers BP 256 Libreville Gabon

Background: Tolosa Hunt Syndrome is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology of the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure. Because of the difficulty in establishing histological evidence, his diagnosis is based on a set of arguments established by the International Headache Society. MRI allows indirect visualization of the granuloma and plays a key role in diagnosis and follow-up. Aim: To illustrate High-field MRI contribution in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS). Cases Presentation: Two patients, a 25-year-old female and a 40-year-old male were recruited in this retrospective case report study at the Radiology service of Fann University Hospital (Dakar Senegal). The first patient has been suffering from a right retro-orbital pain and diplopia for 2 months and the second from a painful oculomotor nerve palsy for 3 months. Blood tests, lumbar puncture, thyroid hormone levels and an infectious screen were done. Screening for converting enzymes, and serum antibodies were also done. They underwent a high field MRI (Siemens 1.5T) with T1, T2, FLAIR, T2*, diffusion B1000, TOF polygon, CISS 3D and T1 gadolinium sequences in the 3 planes space. No significant abnormality was detected in blood tests or CSF analysis. Screening for converting enzymes and serum antibodies screen were also negative. For each patient, MRI examinations showed a non tumoral thickening of the right cavernous sinus, suggesting a granulomatous involvement. Tolosa Hunt Syndrome was evoked firstly. They were put on corticotherapy at high doses with a spectacular regression of symptoms. The Criteria of the International Headache Society of THS were met in both patients. Conclusion: High-field MRI is a significant diagnostic tool in the assessment of painful ophthalmoplegia. It allows a direct visualization of the granuloma of the cavernous sinus and assesses its course throughout the disease.

关键词： Painful Ophthalmoplegia Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome Criterias of International Headache Society High-Field MRI

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Central Nervous System Lesions in HIV/AIDS: About 35 Cases in Libreville (Gabon)

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Open Journal of Radiology 2020年第4期10卷 203-214页

作者： Sessi Miralda Kiki Kofi Mensa Savi de Tové Sonia Adjadohoun Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Djivèdé Akanni Patricia Yèkpè-Ahouansou Olivier Biaou Lucien Mwanyombet Philomène Kouna Ndouongo Radiology Department of the el rapha Polyclinic in Libreville Libreville Republic of Gabon Regional and Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Medical Imaging Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Republic of Benin Medical Imaging Department Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey Calavi Cotonou Republic of Benin

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with an increasing prevalence of related cognitive impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the early detection of lesions. This work aimed to describe the MRI aspects of different brain lesions occurred in HIV positive patients in our practice. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 2014 to July 2016 in the medical imaging department of the el rapha private Polyclinic in Libreville, Gabon. It included all patients referred for imaging for the exploration of a Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions at MRI, based on clinical and/or paraclinical arguments. Results: Among the 39 patients included, 19 (48.7%) had a previous brain CT scan, 11 of which were normal (28.2%). Thirty-five (89.74%) patients had a pathological MRI. The main etiologies found were toxoplasmosis (37.14%), tuberculosis (17.14%), cerebral atrophy (17.14%) and HIV encephalitis (14.28%). Among the eleven patients with a normal Computer Tomography scan, the MRI found 7 abnormalities including 1 case of toxoplasmosis, 3 cases of HIV encephalitis and 3 cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). Conclusion: MRI played an important role in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in HIV-infected individuals. It can be used to differentiate and characterize various brain lesions. Improving its accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa should contribute to better care for people living with HIV.

关键词： HIV Infection Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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The Rain on Underground Porous Media Part Ⅰ:Analysis of a Richards Model

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第2期34卷 193-212页

作者： Christine BERNARDI Adel BLOUZA Linda el ALAOUI Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions CNRS & Université Pierre et Marie CurieBC 1874 Place Jussieu75252 Paris Cedex 05France Laboratoire de Mathématiques raphaёl Salem(UMR 6085 CNRS) Université de RouenAvenue de l'UniversitéBP 1276801 Saint-tienne-du-RouvrayFrance Universit Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris CitLAGACNRS(UMR 7539)F-93430VilletaneuseFrance

The Richards equation models the water flow in a partially saturated underground porous medium under the *** it rains on the surface,boundary conditions of Signorini type must be considered on this part of the *** authors first study this problem which results into a variational inequality and then propose a discretization by an implicit Euler's scheme in time and finite elements in *** convergence of this discretization leads to the well-posedness of the problem.

关键词： Richards equation, Porous media, Euler's implicit scheme, Finite element discretization Parabolic variational inequality

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扩散加权MRI对于检测胰腺积液合并感染的附加价值

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国际医学放射学杂志 2017年第3期 356-356页

作者： B.Borens M.Arvanitakis J.Absil S.el Bouchaibi C.Matos P.Eisendrath 李安宁 polyclinique Santa Maria

摘要目的探讨扩散加权MRI对于检测胰腺积液合并感染（PFC）的附加价值。方法 48例需要内镜透壁引流的PFC病人在行内镜之前行常规MRI和DWI（b=1 000 s/mm2）。MR影像被随机分为2个系列（系列1,常规MRI;系列2,常规MRI、DW-MRI和ADC图）。... 详细信息

摘要目的探讨扩散加权MRI对于检测胰腺积液合并感染（PFC）的附加价值。方法 48例需要内镜透壁引流的PFC病人在行内镜之前行常规MRI和DWI（b=1 000 s/mm2）。MR影像被随机分为2个系列（系列1,常规MRI;系列2,常规MRI、DW-MRI和ADC图）。2位独立的影像分析者分别对影像进行定性和定量分析（ADC）。以PFC内容物的细菌学分析作为金标准。以非参数检验进行比较。2位数据分析者分别对2组数据的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值（NPV）、阳性预测值（PPV）和准确度进行计算。绘制受试者操作特征

关键词：扩散加权 DW 常规 MRI 胰腺积液附加价值合并感染

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Implications of carbon catabolite repression for plant–microbe interactions

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 13-33页

作者： Theophile Franzino Hasna Boubakri Tomislav Cernava Danis Abrouk Wafa Achouak Sylvie Reverchon William Nasser Feth el Zahar Haichar INSA-Lyon UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSUMR5240MicrobiologieAdaptationPathogénieUniversitéLyon10 rue Raphaël Dubois69622 VilleurbanneFrance UniversitéLyon UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSINRAEVetAgro SupUMRÉcologie Microbienne69622 VilleurbanneFrance Institute of Environmental Biotechnology Graz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12/IGraz 8010Austria Aix Marseille Université CEACNRSBIAMLab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere(LEMiRE)13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-DuranceFrance

Carbon catabolite repression(CCR)plays a key role in many physiological and adaptive responses in a broad range of microorganisms that are commonly associated with eukaryotic *** a mixture of different carbon sources is available,CCR,a global regulatory mechanism,inhibits the expression and activity of cellular processes associated with utilization of secondary carbon sources in the presence of the preferred carbon *** is known to be executed by completely different mechanisms in different bacteria,yeast,and *** addition to regulating catabolic genes,CCR also appears to play a key role in the expression of genes involved in plant–microbe ***,we present a detailed overview of CCR mechanisms in various *** highlight the role of CCR in beneficial as well as deleterious plant–microbe interactions based on the available *** addition,we explore the global distribution of known regulatory mechanisms within bacterial genomes retrieved from public repositories and within metatranscriptomes obtained from different plant *** integrating the available literature and performing targeted meta-analyses,we argue that CCR-regulated substrate use preferences of microorganisms should be considered an important trait involved in prevailing plant–microbe interactions.

关键词： carbon catabolite repression CCR carbon utilization plant–microbe interaction rhizosphere substrate-use preferences

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