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Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第3期18卷 583-586页

作者： ZHANG Hua HE Pin-jing SHAO Li-ming FENG Jun-hui CAO Qun-ke State Key Laboratory of pollution control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： leaching behavior air pollution control residues MINTEQA2 incineration plant heavy metals

Progress of Air pollution control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1423-1431页

作者： Xi Lu Shaojun Zhang Jia Xing Yunjie Wang Wenhui Chen Dian Ding Ye Wu Shuxiao Wang Lei Duan Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and control of Air pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution *** economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in *** have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality *** control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in *** 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented *** ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical *** improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.

关键词： Air pollution control Ecological civilization PM2.5 Low-carbon development Ozone

Efectiveness of national air pollution control policies on the air quality in metropolitan areas of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第1期26卷 13-22页

作者： Shuxiao Wang Jia Xing Bin Zhao Carey Jang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and control of Air pollution Complex US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Tsinghua University

Understanding the effectiveness of national air pollution controls is important for control policy design to improve the future air quality in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness of major national control policies implemented recently in China through a modeling analysis. The sulfur dioxide （SO2） control policy during the llth Five Year Plan period （2006-2010） had succeeded in reducing the national SO2 emission in 2010 by 14% from its 2005 level, which correspondingly reduced ambient SO2 and sulfate （SO42-） concentrations by 13%-15% and 8%-10% respectively over east China. The nitrogen oxides （NOx） control policy during the 12th Five Year Plan period （2011-2015） targets the reduction of the national NOx emission in 2015 by 10% on the basis of 2010. The simulation results suggest that such a reduction in NOx emission will reduce the ambient nitrogen dioxide （NO2）, nitrate （NO3-）, 1-hr maxima ozone （03） concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 8%, 3%-14%, 2% and 2%--4%, respectively over east China. The application of new emission standards for power plants will further reduce the NO2, NO3-, 1-hr maxima 03 concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 2%-4%, 1%-%, 0-2% and 1%-2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the inter-provincial impacts of emission reduction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, which indicated the need to implement joint regional air pollution control.

关键词： air pollution control sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides power plant

Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 91-99页

作者： Qingru Wu Shuxiao Wang Mei Yang Haitao Su Guoliang Li Yi Tang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and control of Air pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266061 China

Large-scale gold production（LSGP） is one of the five convention-related atmospheric mercury（Hg） emission sources in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. However, field experiments on Hg flows of the whole process of LSGP are limited. To identify the atmospheric Hg emission points and understand Hg emission characteristics of LSGP, Hg flows in two gold smelters were studied. Overall atmospheric Hg emissions accounted for 10%–17% of total Hg outputs and the Hg emission factors for all processes were 7.6–9.6 kg/ton. There were three dominant atmospheric Hg emission points in the studied gold smelters, including the exhaust gas of the roasting process, exhaust gas from the environmental fog collection stack and exhaust gas from the converter of the refining process. Atmospheric Hg emissions from the roasting process only accounted for 16%–29% of total emissions and the rest were emitted from the refining process. The overall Hg speciation profile（gaseous elemental Hg/gaseous oxidized Hg/particulate-bound Hg） for LSGP was 34.1/57.1/8.8. The dominant Hg output byproducts included waste acid, sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching residue. Total Hg outputs from these three byproducts were 80% in smelter A and 84% in smelter B. Our study indicated that previous atmospheric Hg emissions from large-scale gold production might have been *** emission control in LSGP is not especially urgent in China compared to other significant emission sources（e.g., cement plants）. Instead, LSGP is a potential Hg release source due to the high Hg output proportions to acid and sludge.

关键词： Large-scale gold production Mercury Flow analysis Emission characteristics

Performance evaluation on the pollution control against wet weather overflow based on on-site coagulation/flocculation in terminal drainage pipes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 201-210页

作者： Zongqun Chen Wei Jin Hailong Yin Mengqi Han Zuxin Xu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of pollution control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

The pollution caused by wet weather overflow in urban drainage systems is a main factor causing blackening an odorization of urban *** conventional overflow treatment based on coagulation/flocculation in terminal drainage systems requires relatively large space and long retention time demand that makes it not applicable in crowded urban drainage systems or under heavy ***-site coagulation/flocculation in terminal drainage pipes was proposed in this study which was aimed to transfer the coagulation/flocculation process to the inside of pipes at the terminal drainage system to save space and reduce the retention time of the coagulation/flocculation *** optimized dose of chemicals was studied first which was 80 mg/L of coagulant and 0.8 mg/L of *** for only 5 min can remove most of the pollutants at 406.5 m of transmission *** addition,the relation of wet weather overflow rate and concentration of pollution load on the on-site coagulation/flocculation process was investigated,which indicated that high removal of pollutant was gained at a large range of flow velocity and pollutant ***,the study confirmed electric neutralization,bridging,and net capture as the major mechanisms in this process,and further optimization was *** proposed process can reduce much turbidity,chemical oxygen demand,and total phosphorous,but hardly remove soluble ammonia and *** work provides scientific guidance to address wet weather overflow in terminal drainage pipes.

关键词： Wet weather overflow On-site coagulation/flocculation Fast removal of particulate pollutants

Whole-Process pollution control for Cost-Effective and Cleaner Chemical Production A Case Study of the Tungsten Industry in China

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Engineering 2019年第4期5卷 768-776页

作者： Hongbin Cao He Zhao Di Zhang Chenming Liu Xiao Lin Yuping Li Pengge Ning Jiajun Sun Yi Zhang Zhi Sun Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process pollution control and National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Division of Environment Technology and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In this research,a methodology named whole-process pollution control(WPPC)is demonstrated that improves the effectiveness of process *** methodology considers waste/emission treatment as a step of the whole production process with respect to the minimization of cost and environmental impact for the whole *** following procedures are introduced in a WPPC process optimization:①a material and energy flow investigation and optimization based on a systematic understanding of the distribution and physiochemical properties of potential pollutants;②a process optimization to increase the utilization efficiency of different elements and minimize pollutant emissions;and③an evaluation to reveal the effectiveness of the optimization *** production of ammonium paratungstate was chosen for the case *** factors of the different optimization schemes-namely the cost-effectiveness factor and the environmental impact indicator-were evaluated and *** research demonstrates that by considering the nature of potential pollutants,technological innovations,economic viability,environmental impacts,and regulation requirements,WPPC can efficiently optimize a metal production process.

关键词： Whole-process pollution control Process optimization Industrial pollution Tungsten

Environmental behavior, human health effect, and pollution control of heavy metal(loid)s toward full life cycle processes

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第4期1卷 229-243页

作者： Haoyu Deng Yuling Tu Han Wang Ziyi Wang Yanyu Li Liyuan Chai Wenchao Zhang Zhang Lin School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research Center for control&Treatment of Heavy Metal pollution Changsha 410083China School of Environment and Energy Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and RecyclingSouth China University of TechnologyGuangdong 510006China

Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)have caused serious environmental pollution and health *** the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs,the related toxicity mechanisms,and pollution control,their relationship remains a *** generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human ***,the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence,transport,and fate of HMs in the ***,we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical ***,the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route,toxicity mechanism,and adverse *** addition,the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were ***,based on the research trend,we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms,and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.

关键词： Heavy metal(loid)s Full life cycle Toxicity Environment pollution control

Review of water pollution control in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第2期2卷 142-149页

作者： Tingyao GAO Hongbin CHEN Siqing XIA Zengyan ZHOU School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092P.R.C National Engineering Research Center for Urban pollution control Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092

Water resource shortage and pollution has seriously threatened the survival and development of developing *** of China’s specific economical and social circumstances,complete adoption of developed countries’experience is *** present,China needs to develop strategies and technologies in source water pollution control and municipal environmental remediation that embrace the country’s specific need to battle the water resource *** them,efficient source water pretreatment is a critical step to ensure a safe municipal water *** developed countries,it is not yet feasible in China to treat water supplied to the household and have it meet the standard of direct drinking;therefore,it is more appropriate to refer to it as service *** a beneficial supplement,an additional community drinking water network and household drinking water apparatus can be considered.

关键词： municipal aquatic environmental pollution control water supply safety China

Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of air pollution control

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 1056-1065页

作者： Xuezhen QIU Yun ZHU Carey JANG Che-Jen LIN Shuxiao WANG Joshua FU Junping XIE Jiandong WANG Dian DING Shicheng LONG Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and pollution control College of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 China USEPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards RTP NC 27711 USA Department of Civil Engineering Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710-0024 USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-2010 USA

Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA） has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program- Community Edition （BenMAP-CE） to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compro- mising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM2.5. The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than USS334billion ofeconomic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.

关键词： air quality assessment human health benefit,economic benefit air quality attainment assessment airpollution control strategy decision support system