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Climate pledges versus commitment: Are policy actions of Middle-East and North African countries consistent with their emissions targets?

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第4期13卷 612-621页

作者： Hermas ABUDU Presley K.WESSEH Jr Boqiang LIN School of Management China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyCollaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityFujian361005China Belt and Road Research institute Xiamen UniversityFujian361005China

Carbon emission is inevitable,and changes with energy consumption and economic development,presents policy options toward sustainable development ***,there is little assurance from policymakers in committing to climate change pledges:taking the Middle-East and North African(MENA)region as a specific case with using 2019 as a cut-off *** conducted an interim assessment of the Paris Agreement to ascertain whether climate actions are in tandem with emissions reduction *** use of difference-in-difference technique as a quasiexperiment supported by fixed-effects and placebo treatment models,the results point to evidence of less than 1%effective CO_(2) emissions reduction as of 2019 compared to the 2015 *** current carbon emissions reduction commitment level is far-reaching contrary to the Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)pledged(16.43%on average by 2030 compared to the 2015 level).The analysis suggests that achieving NDCs commitments are currently major burden on policymakers since the economic development is highly linked with nonrenewable energy ***,a more comprehensive framework when accounting for all available renewable and clean energy projects shows reduction levels in the range of 30%-40%from 2020 to *** results suggest that the Paris Agreement in MENA countries may be more effective from 2020,thus underscore the importance of capturing ongoing projects(involving renewable and clean energy technologies)into interim policy *** shared implication is that greater efforts are demanded from the region and at country levels to further decrease emissions through the use of negative emissions technologies particularly in the electricity generation sector.

关键词： Paris Agreement Carbon emissions reduction potential Carbon effciency:Climate change policy quasi-experiment MENA climate change performance

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Feeding More People on an Increasingly Fragile Planet: China's Food and Nutrition Security in a National and Global Context

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1193-1205页

作者： Shenggen Fan Joanna Brzeska International Food policy Research institute

Developing and developed countries alike are increasingly facing the dififcult question of how to feed more people amidst a host of emerging demographic, environmental, and health challenges. At the same time, in addition to food quantity, increased attention is being given to food quality attributes, in particular nutrition and safety. This is especially evident in China, where concerns are on the rise regarding the ability of China’s food production systems to deliver nutritious and safe food to a growing, urbanizing and more aflfuent population. These food and nutrition concerns come at a time when China is an increasingly inlfuential actor within the global food security network through activities such as production, consumption and trade. We argue that China has the opportunity to increase food and nutrition security both nationally and globally through a comprehensive policy agenda that focuses on institutional reforms, investments for and in agriculture, productive social safety nets, mutually beneifcial trade, and the exchange of know-how and technologies among developing countries and donors. This agenda will help China adapt its food production systems to the changing face of agriculture and to play a vital role in addressing the emerging challenges facing food and nutrition security within and beyond China in the coming decades.

关键词： food security nutrition China agricultural development

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China's Regional Disparity and Its policy Responses

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China & World Economy 2008年第4期16卷 16-32页

作者： Minjia Chen Yongnian Zheng Research Associate China Policy Institute School of Contemporary Chinese Studies University of Nottingham Nottingham UK Professor China Policy Institute School of Contemporary Chinese Studies University of Nottingham Nottingham UK

The fruits of China＇s rapid economic development over the 3 decades have not been distributed fairly across different regions. Using data from a sample of 815 Chinese listed firrns during 1998-2004, our error-correction investment model showes evidence of different financial constraints on firms＇ investment in different regions. We argue that China＇s regional development policies have contributed greatly to the regional inequalities. To control the rising inequality, China has shifted its focus from the coast to the interior regions. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the government to direct the economy, as market mechanisms now have afar greater influence on the economy than the government does. The people-centered approach of the current leadership has meant that substantial attention has been placed on regional development disparities in an attempt to build a ＂harmonious society. ＂ China needs further extensive reforms if all the measures for reducing regional disparity are to be effective.

关键词： China development policy error-correction model regional inequality

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Enhancing China's Innovation Performance:The policy Choices

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China & World Economy 2014年第2期22卷 42-60页

作者： Xiaolan Fu Rongping Mu Technology and Management for Development Centre Oxford University institute for policy and Management ChineseAcademy of Sciences

Transforming China into an innovation-driven economy has been one of the top priorities of the Chinese Government. This paper examines the policy choices involved in the extended national innovation performance framework for creating an open innovation system. Innovation capabilities, incentives and institutional frameworks are examined. The paper argues that China should continue to increase its investment in R ＆D and in education, and that there should also be an attempt to strengthen the incentive system at the macro, meso and micro levels. This strengthening may include reforms to： release the power of competition and guide resources towards innovative sectors; adopt appropriate human resource management, such as appraisal and remuneration systems; create effective policies for research funding management; and evaluate the efficiency of research to encourage the creativity of researchers, managers and employees. The paper also discusses the space for industrial policy in the 21st century.

关键词： China innovation policy

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2014年第3期23卷 266-299页

作者： Lian-biao CUI Lei ZHU Marco SPRINGMANN Ying FAN Center for Energy and Environmental policy Research Institute of Policy and ManagementChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Economics University of Oldenburg

The Green Climate Fund （GCF） has been one of the core issues of the world climate summits under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） in recent years. However, the GCF has not progressed smoothly, and currently there are no satisfactory schemes for raising and distributing the fund. This paper first discusses how to finance the GCF among Annex II countries. It introduces the ＇preference score compromises＇（PSC） approach which is based on environmental responsibility and economic capacity, with historical emissions as an indicator for environmental responsibility and GDP as indicator for economic capacity. The results show that the United States and the European Union are the two largest contributors to the GCF, sponsoring more than 80% of the funds. Second, we discuss how to allocate the funds among non-Annex II parties. The ＇adaptation needs＇（AN） approach, which takes account of economic strength and climate damages, is proposed to achieve the adaptation purpose of the GCF, and the results reveal that African countries with high levels of climate vulnerability could get most funds, with a share of almost 30%. Regarding the mitigation purpose of the GCF, this research introduces two approaches： the ＇carbon reduction contribution＇（CC） approach and the ＇incremental cost＇（IC） approach. Both approaches could achieve significant reductions in carbon emissions in non-Annex II parties, whereas the latter may provide limited adaptation finance but result in more mitigation effects. This paper also develops a method to combine abatement efficiency and adaptation fairness of the GCF, and we find that with an equal split between the AN and CC （or AN and IC） approaches, the amount of USD 100 billion could finance an emissions reduction of 1613 MtCO2 （2477 MtCO2）, while allocating USD 16 （or USD 9） per capita for adaptation in non-Annex II parties. The schemes proposed may be useful for promoting the development of the GCF in the future.

关键词： Climate change green climate fund preference score compromises carbon reductioncontribution mitigation and adaptation

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Toward a more open and collaborative climate change policy framework in Hong Kong and Macao within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2020年第3期18卷 179-187页

作者： Coco Du Christine Loh institute for Public policy and InnovationPolicy and Entrepreneurship Thrust AreaThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou511458China institute for the Environment The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao enjoy a high degree of autonomy from the national policy system in devising their local policies,including measures related to climate *** Kong and Macao each have their own climate change policies,some aspects of which are more advanced than policies in China's *** their high degree of policy autonomy has advantages,this has also isolated them from China's larger environmental management and practices that continue to advance at *** paper reviews the climate change policies of the two special administrative regions and analyzes their strengths and innovations,particularly in *** also identifies areas where there could be closer engagement,collaboration,and capacity-building with the China's Mainland,which has the potential for greater positive impacts,especially on a regional basis.

关键词： Climate change policy High degree of autonomy Hong Kong Macao Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Collaboration

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Managing Climate Change Risk in China's Agricultural Sector: The Potential for an Integrated Risk Management Framework

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第7期13卷 1418-1431页

作者： Kevin Z.Chen Claire Hsu International Food policy Research institute-Beijing Office

Climate change poses a serious threat to the future food security of China, which is among the most disaster-prone countries in the world. This paper discusses the implications of climate change for China＇s agricultural sector. Its main objectives are to identify the agricultural risks associated with climate change, to introduce a conceptual framework for agricultural climate risk management and to enumerate key adaptation strategies, challenges, and recommendations.

关键词： climate change food security risk management agricultural development

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Examining the Influence of Fertility policy Adjustments on Gender Equality in China During the Period of Exceptionally Slow Population Growth

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China CDC weekly 2023年第27期5卷 605-608页

作者： Xueyan Yang Wanxin Li Rui Li institute for Population and Development Studies School of Public Policy and AdministrationXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina

The Chinese population is entering a new stage of development,marked by the fertility intentions of women of childbearing age continuing to decline and concerns over their consistently low fertility *** number of newborns has been decreasing annually,with 2022 figures falling below 10 million for the first time since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,resulting in negative population growth(1).Currently,China’s population over the age of 60 years is nearing 300 million and is projected to surpass 20%of the total population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

关键词： Population fertility annually

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policy Options for China's Bio-ethanol Development and the Implications for Its Agricultural Economy

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China & World Economy 2008年第6期16卷 112-126页

作者： Huanguang Qiu Jikun Huang Michiel Keyzer Wim van Veen Research Fellow Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of GeographicSciences and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Professor and Director Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Instituteof Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Professor and Director Center for World FoodStudy Free University the Netherlands Research Fellow Center for World Food Study Free University the Netherlands

The present paper analyzes the potential impacts of bio-ethanol expansion on agricultural production, food prices and farmers＇ incomes in different regions of China. The results show that increase in demand for feedstock to produce bio-ethanol will lead to large increase in the prices of agricultural products. The increase in prices will trigger a significant rise in the production of feedstock at the cost of lower rice and wheat production. The study also reveals that the impacts of bio-ethanol on farmers＂ incomes vary largely among regions and farmer groups. Given the expected expansion of bio-ethanol production in the future, and the limited land resources for feedstock production in China, the viability of different crops as feedstock for bio-ethanol requires careful analysis before a large-scale expansion of China＇s bio-ethanol program. Bio-ethanol production in China should be relying more on the second generation of bio-ethanol technologies （i.e. using celluloses to produce bio-ethanol）, and China＇s government should increase research investment in this field.

关键词： agricultural development bio-ethanol policy options

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The Analysis of Public policy on the Construction of University Science Parks In China

The Analysis of Public Policy on the Construction of Univers...

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2006 International Conference on Public Administration

作者： FAN Xu Public Management and Public policy institute South China University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)7811142686

the trend of building the university science parks is in the ascendant. Effectual policy has very important spiriting function in the construction and development of Chinese university science parks. The author analyzed the macroscopic, mesoscopic microscopic policy applied to Chinese university science parks, discussed the special policy on building the university science parks quickly, considered that it is an important task for quickening the construction of university science park in China to build and perfect the public policy system

关键词： university science park policy 1 Introduction

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