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Balancing Openness and Protection:Homogenization of Regulatory Laws in Digital Service Trade

China Finance and Economic Review 2024年第2期13卷 67-89页

作者： Cuihong Yang Xiaolin Wang Huijuan Wang Yan Xia Academy of Mathematics and Systems science Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Academy of Mathematics and Systems science CASand School of Economics and ManagementUCAS School of Statistics and Mathematics Central University of Finance and Economics. Institutes of science and Development CAS School of Public policy and Management UCAS

Digital service trade has emerged as a pivotal engine for global economic transformation and ***,the implementation of differentiated regulatory measures for trade in digital services among economies has led to increasingly frequent trade *** paper constructs a regulatory homogeneity network for digital service trade in 60 major economies,and systematically evaluates the structural characteristics of the network and the regulatory homogeneity among economies from 2014 to ***,this paper empirically examines the impact of the partnership characteristics of regulatory homogenization in the network of major economies on their *** analysis of the network structure shows that major economies are more inclined to optimize and simplify existing trade partnerships,and are moving towards more diversified restrictive measures in the regulatory model of digital services trade,which has led to the rise of trade *** empirical text results show that expanding and deepening the regulatory homogeneous partnership of trade in digital services promotes the export of digital services in major *** promotion effect is mainly achieved by reducing the cost of digital service trade and enhancing business *** addition,the export promotion effect of developing regulatory homogenization partnerships is better than that of increasing the openness of digital service trade,and the homogenization of policies between openness and protection is more *** paper provides important implications for coordinating the openness and security of digital services trade:China should actively cooperate with multilateral and bilateral digital service trade partners to jointly build a homogeneous environment for regulatory *** particular,it is necessary to deepen the regulatory homogeneity partnership with Asian and developing economies to expand the infl uence of the“China model”in the global regulation of digital s

关键词： digital service trade regulatory cooperation regulatory homogenization partnerships high-quality trade development

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Food security amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Asia:Evidence from rural Tajikistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2853-2867页

作者： Yuhan Zhao Chen Qian Yumei Zhang Xiande Li Kamiljon T.Akramov Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Academy of Global Food Economics and policy College of Economics and ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China International Food policy Research Institute(IFPRI) WashingtonD.C.20005USA

Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central *** present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the COVID-19 *** on an extensive household survey data set from Tajikistan,we estimate the expenditure,income,and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS ***,we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic *** are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups,with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods,such as meat,fruit,eggs,and milk,in rural ***,our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the COVID-19 *** findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.

关键词： international remittances food security COVID-19 Tajikistan Central Asia

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Unveiling the secrets of diatom-mediated calcification:Implications for the biological pump

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2895-2909页

作者： Yiwen PAN Yifan LI Chen-Tung Arthur CHEN Zong-Pei JIANG Wei-Jun CAI Yunwen SHEN Zesheng DING Qixian CHEN Yanan DI Wei FAN Chenba ZHU Ying CHEN Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 570203China Department of Oceanography Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGaoxiong 80424China School of Marine science and policy University of DelawareNewark DE 19716USA Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Siliceous diatoms are one of the most prominent actors in the oceans,and they account for approximately 40%of the primary production and particulate organic carbon export *** is believed that changes in carbon flux caused by variations in diatom distribution can lead to significant climate *** the fundamental pathways of diatom-driven carbon sequestration have long been established,there are no reports of CaCO_(3) precipitation induced by marine diatom *** manuscript introduces novel details regarding the enhancement of aragonite precipitation during photosynthesis in Skeletonema costatum in both artificial and natural *** direct measurements of cell surfaces via a pH microelectrode and zeta potential analyzer,it was determined that the diatom-mediated promotion of CaCO_(3) precipitation is achieved through the creation of specific microenvironments with concentrated[CO_(3)^(2-)]and[Ca^(2+)]and/or the dehydrating effect of adsorbed Ca^(2+).Based on this mechanism,it is highly plausible that diatom-mediated calcification could occur in the oceans,an assertion that was supported by the significant deviation of total alkalinity(TA)from the conservative TA-salinity mixing line during a Skeletonema costatum bloom in the East China Sea and other similar *** newly discovered calcification pathway establishes a link between particulate inorganic and organic carbon flux and thus helps in the reassessment of marine carbon export fluxes and CO_(2) sequestration *** discovery may have important ramifications for assessing marine carbon cycling and predicting the potential effects of future ocean acidification.

关键词： Diatom bloom Skeletonema costatum Calcification Biological carbon pump Counter carbonate pump

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Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Community Engagement:Dual Mediating Roleof Brand and Community Identifications in the Chinese Decor Industry

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social sciences 2024年第1期17卷 51-72页

作者： Moazzam Abbas Zubair Nawaz Andeela Sahar Fatima School of Management Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Leadership and Management Studies National Defence UniversityIslamabadPakistan School of Applied Psychology Social Work and PolicyUniversiti Utara MalaysiaKedahMalaysia

Despite a plethora of studies on how corporate social responsibility(CSR)generates favorable consumer outcomes,the existing literature provides limited insights about how CSR may affect inter-consumer connection and brand community *** consumer engagement in the brand community is one of the key marketing objectives for strengthening the brand-consumer *** study aims to explore the role of corporate social responsibility in enhancing brand community engagement and examines the dual mediating role of brand identification and community *** research was conducted and an adapted questionnaire was *** data were collected from 405 Chinese consumers,and structural equational modeling was used to test the *** demonstrated that CSR motivates consumers to engage with the brand ***,brand identification and community identification perform the role of partial mediators.

关键词： Corporate social responsibility Community engagement Chinese consumers Brand identification Community identification

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Probing the Affinity of Coronavirus with Contact Surfaces in Simulated Body Fluids

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Environment & Health 2024年第5期2卷 269-277页

作者： Yarong Qi Xun Guan Yun Shen Xitong Liu Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonD.C.20052United States Department of Environmental science Policyand ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

Transmission of viral pathogens has raised serious public health concerns,but the affinity and strength of viruses adhering to hightouch surfaces are not *** systematically investigated the propensities of a coronavirus,Murine hepatitis virus A59(MHV),adhering onto and releasing from four representative contact surfaces,silica,stainless steel,cellulose,and polystyrene,in simulated saliva and urine using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring(QCM-D).We also quantified the interactions between MHV and contact surfaces using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Both initial adhesion rates and saturated adhesion mass of MHV were higher in urine buffer than in saliva buffer,which is attributed to the higher repulsions between the virus and surfaces in the presence of *** maximum adhesion mass of MHV follows the order of stainless steel>silica>cellulose≈polystyrene in both urine and saliva *** steel and silica are surfaces with likely higher risks of virus contamination due to their highest maximum adhesion mass in both urine and saliva buffers and lower virus release percentages upon water *** results of this study will provide insights into risk assessment and control of pathogens associated with contact surfaces.

关键词： Coronavirus Contact surfaces Silica Stainless steel Cellulose Polystyrene Fomite transmission

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Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Tasks

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 911-926页

作者： Wentao Liu Xiaolong Xu Jintao Wu Jielin Jiang School of Computer science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As an emerging privacy-preservation machine learning framework,Federated Learning(FL)facilitates different clients to train a shared model collaboratively through exchanging and aggregating model parameters while raw data are kept local and *** this learning framework is applied to Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),the resultant Federated Reinforcement Learning(FRL)can circumvent the heavy data sampling required in conventional DRL and benefit from diversified training data,besides privacy preservation offered by *** FRL implementations presuppose that clients have compatible tasks which a single global model can *** practice,however,clients usually have incompatible(different but still similar)personalized tasks,which we called task *** may severely hinder the implementation of FRL for practical *** this paper,we propose a Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning(FMRL)framework by integrating Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML)and ***,we innovatively utilize Proximal policy Optimization(PPO)to fulfil multi-step local training with a single round of ***,considering the sensitivity of learning rate selection in FRL,we reconstruct the aggregation optimizer with the Federated version of Adam(Fed-Adam)on the server *** experiments demonstrate that,in different environments,FMRL outperforms other FL methods with high training efficiency brought by Fed-Adam.

关键词： federated learning reinforcement learning meta-learning personalization

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Reducing idleness in financial cloud services via multi-objective evolutionary reinforcement learning based load balancer

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 20-40页

作者： Peng YANG Laoming ZHANG Haifeng LIU Guiying LI Department of Statistics and Data science Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Computation Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp. Ltd Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology

In recent years, various companies have started to shift their data services from traditional data centers to the cloud. One of the major motivations is to save on operational costs with the aid of cloud elasticity. This paper discusses an emerging need from financial services to reduce the incidence of idle servers retaining very few user connections, without disconnecting them from the server side. This paper considers this need as a bi-objective online load balancing problem. A neural network based scalable policy is designed to route user requests to varied numbers of servers for the required elasticity. An evolutionary multi-objective training framework is proposed to optimize the weights of the policy. Not only is the new objective of idleness reduced by over 130% more than traditional industrial solutions, but the original load balancing objective itself is also slightly improved. Extensive simulations with both synthetic and real-world data help reveal the detailed applicability of the proposed method to the emergent problem of reducing idleness in financial services.

关键词： evolutionary reinforcement learning evolutionary multi-objective optimization load balance cloud computing

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Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe F.Bozeman III School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity Framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data science Justice Systemic Equity

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Drivers for Inter-city Innovation Networks Across Chinese Cities:Modelling Physical Versus Intangible Effects

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Chinese Geographical science 2024年第4期34卷 706-721页

作者： GAO Yujie SCHERNGELL Thomas NEULÄNDTNER Martina School of Applied Economics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Center for Innovation Systems&policy Austrian Institute of TechnologyVienna 1210Austria

Cross-region innovation is widely recognized as an important source of the long-term regional innovation *** the recent past,a growing number of studies has investigated the network structure and mechanisms of cross-region innovation collaboration in various ***,existing research mainly focuses on physical effects,such as geographical distance and high-speed railway *** studies ignore the intangible drivers in a changing environment,the more digitalized economy and the increasingly solidified innovation network ***,the focus of this study is on estimating determinants of innovation networks,especially on intangible drivers,which have been largely neglected so *** city-level data of Chinese patents(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Province of China),we trace innovation networks across Chinese cities over a long period of *** integrating a measure on Information and Communications Technology(ICT)development gap and network structural effects into the general proximity framework,this paper explores the changing mechanisms of Chinese innovation networks from a new *** results show that the structure of cross-region innovation networks has changed in *** mechanisms behind this development,the results confirm the increasingly important role of intangible drivers in Chinese inter-city innovation collaboration when controlling for effects of physical proximity,such as geographical *** digitalization and coordinated development are the mainstream trends in China and other developing countries,these countries'inter-city innovation collaboration patterns will witness dramatic changes under the influence of intangible drivers.

关键词： inter-city innovation network co-patents information and communications technology development network structural effect spatial interaction model China

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Repositioning fertilizer manufacturing subsidies for improving food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 430-443页

作者： Zongyi Wu Xiaolong Feng Yumei Zhang Shenggen Fan Academy of Global Food Economics and policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

China removed fertilizer manufacturing subsidies from 2015 to 2018 to bolster market-oriented reforms and foster environmentally sustainable ***,the impact of this policy reform on food security and the environment remains inadequately ***,although green and low-carbon technologies offer environmental advantages,their widespread adoption is hindered by prohibitively high *** study analyzes the impact of removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies and explores the potential feasibility of redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in the diffusion of these *** the China Agricultural University Agri-food Systems model,we analyzed the potential for achieving mutually beneficial outcomes regarding food security and environmental *** findings indicate that removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies has reduced greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from agricultural activities by 3.88 million metric tons,with minimal impact on food *** fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in green and low-carbon technologies,including slow and controlled-release fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizers,and machine deep placement of fertilizer,emerges as a strategy to concurrently curtail GHG emissions,ensure food security,and secure robust economic ***,we propose a comprehensive set of government interventions,including subsidies,field guidance,and improved extension systems,to promote the widespread adoption of these technologies.

关键词： food security fertilizer manufacturing subsidies agri-food systems greenhouse gas emissions

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