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Comparison of the Minimum Bounding Rectangle and Minimum Circumscribed Ellipse of Rain Cells from TRMM

Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 391-406页

作者： Hongke CAI Yaqin MAO Xuanhao ZHU Yunfei FU Renjun ZHOU plateau atmospheric and environment laboratory of sichuan province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China

Based on the TRMM dataset, this paper compares the applicability of the improved MCE(minimum circumscribed ellipse), MBR(minimum bounding rectangle), and DIA(direct indexing area) methods for rain cell fitting. These three methods can reflect the geometric characteristics of clouds and apply geometric parameters to estimate the real dimensions of rain cells. The MCE method shows a major advantage in identifying the circumference of rain cells. The circumference of rain cells identified by MCE in most samples is smaller than that identified by DIA and MBR, and more similar to the observed rain cells. The area of rain cells identified by MBR is relatively robust. For rain cells composed of many pixels(N> 20), the overall performance is better than that of MCE, but the contribution of MBR to the best identification results,which have the shortest circumference and the smallest area, is less than that of MCE. The DIA method is best suited to small rain cells with a circumference of less than 100 km and an area of less than 120 km^(2), but the overall performance is mediocre. The MCE method tends to achieve the highest success at any angle, whereas there are fewer “best identification”results from DIA or MBR and more of the worst ones in the along-track direction and cross-track direction. Through this comprehensive comparison, we conclude that MCE can obtain the best fitting results with the shortest circumference and the smallest area on behalf of the high filling effect for all sizes of rain cells.

关键词： TRMM minimum bounding rectangle minimum circumscribed ellipse

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Mechanism of Diabatic Heating on Precipitation and the Track of a Tibetan plateau Vortex over the Eastern Slope of the Tibetan plateau

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 155-172页

作者： Yuanchang DONG Guoping LI Xiaolin XIE Long YANG Peiwen ZHANG Bo ZENG Institute of plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration(CMA)/Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disaster in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610072China School of atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Meteorological Observation Data Center of sichuan province Chengdu 610072China sichuan Branch of Meteorologist Training Institute CMAChengdu 610072China

Existing studies contend that latent heating(LH)will replace sensible heating(SH)to become the dominant factor affecting the development of the Tibetan plateau vortex(TPV)after it moves off the Tibetan plateau(TP).However,in the process of the TPV moving off the TP requires that the airmass traverse the eastern slope of the Tibetan plateau(ESTP)where the topography and diabatic heating(DH)conditions rapidly *** LH gradually replaces SH to become the dominant factor in the development of the TPV over the ESTP is still not very *** this paper,an analysis of a typical case of a TPV with a long life history over the ESTP is performed by using multi-sourced meteorological data and model *** results show that SH from the TP surface can change the TPV-associated precipitation distribution by temperature advection after the TPV moves off the *** LH can then directly promote the development of the TPV and has a certain guiding effect on the track of the *** SH can control the active area of LH by changing the falling area of the TPV-associated precipitation,so it still plays a key role in the development and tracking of the TPV even though it has moved out of the main body of the TP.

关键词： eastern slope of the Tibetan plateau diabatic heating Tibetan plateau vortex precipitation distribution track

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Circulation Background and Genesis Mechanism of a Cold Vortex over the Tibetan plateau during Late April 2018

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1201-1216页

作者： Duming GAO Jiangyu MAO Guoxiong WU Yimin LIU State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in plateau and Basin Key laboratory of sichuan province Institute of Plateau MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationChengdu 610072China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China

A cold vortex occurred over the northeastern Tibetan plateau(TP)on 27 April 2018 and subsequently brought excessive rainfall to the spring farming area in southern China when moving *** study investigates the genesis mechanism of the cold TP vortex(TPV)by diagnosing reanalysis data and conducting numerical *** demonstrate that the cold TPV was generated in a highly baroclinic environment with significant contributions of positive potential vorticity(PV)forcing from the tropopause and diurnal thermodynamic impact from the *** a positive PV anomaly in the lower stratosphere moved towards the TP,the PV forcing at the tropopause pushed the tropospheric isentropic surfaces upward,forming isentropic-isplacement ascent and reducing static stability over the *** descent of the tropopause over the TP also produced a tropopause folding over the northeastern TP associated with a narrow high-PV column intruding downwards over the TPV genesis site,resulting in ascending air in the free ***,in conjunction with the descending air in the valley area during the night,produced air stretching just at the TPV genesis *** the surface cooling at night increased the surface static stability,the aforementioned vertical air-stretching thus converted the produced static stability to vertical ***,the cold TPV was generated over the valley at night.

关键词： tropopause PV forcing air column stretching static stability vertical vorticity

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Four decades of full-scale nitrous oxide emission inventory in China

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 137-149页

作者： Minqi Liang Zheyan Zhou Peiyang Ren Han Xiao Xu-Ri Zhongmin Hu Shilong Piao Hanqin Tian Qing Tong Feng Zhou Jing Wei Wenping Yuan School of atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University State Key laboratory of Tibetan plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Agro-Forestry environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan province Hainan University Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory(Zhuhai)

China is among the top nitrous oxide（N2O）-emitting countries, but existing national inventories do not provide full-scale emissions including both natural and anthropogenic sources. We conducted a four-decade（1980–2020） of comprehensive quantification of Chinese N2O inventory using empirical emission factor method for anthropogenic sources and two up-to-date process-based models for natural sources. Total N2O emissions peaked at 2287.4（1774.8–2799.9） Gg N2O yr-1in 2018, and agriculture-developed regions, like the East, Northeast, and Central, were the top N2O-emitting regions. Agricultural N2O emissions have started to decrease after 2016 due to the decline of nitrogen fertilization applications, while, industrial and energetic sources have been dramatically increasing after 2005. N2O emissions from agriculture, industry,energy, and waste represented 49.3%, 26.4%, 17.5%, and 6.7% of the anthropogenic emissions in 2020,respectively, which revealed that it is imperative to prioritize N2O emission mitigation in agriculture,industry, and energy. Natural N2O sources, dominated by forests, have been steadily growing from 317.3（290.3–344.1） Gg N2O yr-1in 1980 to 376.2（335.5–407.2） Gg N2O yr-1in 2020. Our study produces a Full-scale Annual N2O dataset in China（FAN2020）, providing emergent counting to refine the current national N2O inventories.

关键词： nitrous oxide four decades anthropogenic sources natural sources

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A cell transcriptomic profile p ovides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 182-200页

作者： Yongliang Fan Long Jin Zhiping He Tiantian Wei Tingting Luo Jiaman Zhang Can Liu Changjiu Dai Chao A Yan Liang Xuan Tao Xuebin Lv Yiren Gu Mingzhou Li State Key laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Key laboratory of Qinghai‑Tibetan plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China Animal Breeding and Genetics Key laboratory of sichuan province Sichuan Animal Science AcademyChengdu 610000China

Background Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring *** Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages(d 90 of gestation, G90;d 0 after lactation, L0;d 20 after lactation, L20;2 d post natural involution, PI2;7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation(G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation(L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution(PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populatio

关键词： Adipocytes Cell–cell interaction Development Mammary gland snRNA-seq

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Joint Effects of Multipollutant Mixtures on Mortality in Chengdu,China

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 112-116页

作者： ZHANG Ying TIAN Qi Qi HU Wen Dong ZHANG Shao Bo WANG Shi Gong ZHENG Can Jun plateau Atmosphere and environment Key laboratory of sichuan province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225SichuanChina Yunnan R&D Institute of Natural Disaster on Chengdu University of Information Technology Kunming 650034YunnanChina Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and environment sichuan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station Chengdu 610225SichuanChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Significant epidemiological research has revealed that exposure to air pollution is substantially associated with numerous detrimental health consequences^([1-3]).The negative health effects of individual air pollutants(e.g.,fine particulate matter:PM_(2.5);nitrogen dioxide:NO_(2);carbon monoxide,CO;or ozone:O_(3))have been widely explored^([4]).However,humans are constantly exposed to multipollutant mixtures in real life,and biological responses to inhaled pollutants are likely to depend on the interplay of pollutant ***,it is critical and imperative to explore the joint effects of multipollutant mixtures on human beings.

关键词： mixtures monoxide consequences

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Improvement of cloud microphysical parameterization and its advantages in simulating precipitation along the sichuan-Xizang Railway

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 856-873页

作者： Xiaoqi XU Zhiwei HENG Yueqing LI Shunjiu WANG Jian LI Yuan WANG Jinghua CHEN Peiwen ZHANG Chunsong LU China Meteorological Administration Transportation Meteorology Key laboratory Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in plateau and Basin Key laboratory of sichuan province Institute of Plateau MeteorologyCMAChengdu 610072China State Key laboratory of Disaster Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China China Meteorological Administration Aerosol-Cloud and Precipitation Key laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The sichuan-Xizang Railway is an important part of the railway network in China, and geological disasters, such as mountain floods and landslides, frequently occur in this region. Precipitation is an important cause of these disasters;therefore,accurate simulation of the precipitation in this region is highly important. In this study, the descriptions for uncertain processes in the cloud microphysics scheme are improved;these processes include cloud droplet activation, cloud-rain autoconversion, rain accretion by cloud droplets, and the entrainment-mixing process. In the default scheme, the cloud water content of different sizes corresponds to the same cloud droplet concentration, which is inconsistent with the actual content;this results in excessive cloud droplet size, unreasonable related conversion rates of microphysical process(such as cloud-rain autoconversion), and an overestimation of precipitation. Our new scheme overcomes the problem of excessive cloud droplet size. The processes of cloudrain autoconversion and rain accretion by cloud droplets are similar to the stochastic collection equation, and the mixing mechanism of cloud droplets is more consistent with that occurred during the actual physical process in the cloud. Based on the new and old schemes, multiple precipitation processes in the flood season of 2021 along the sichuan-Xizang Railway are simulated, and the results are evaluated using ground observations and satellite data. Compared to the default scheme, the new scheme is more suitable for the simulation of cloud physics, reducing the simulation deviation of the liquid water path and droplet radius from 2 times to less than 1 time and significantly alleviating the overestimation of precipitation intensity and range of precipitation center. The average root-mean-square error is reduced by 22%. Our results can provide a scientific reference for improving precipitation forecasting and disaster prevention in this region.

关键词： The sichuan-Xizang Railway Cloud microphysics Precipitation Model improvement

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An observed nocturnal ozone transport event in the sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 10-18页

作者： Ruyue Guo Guangming Shi Dan Zhang Yang Chen Chao Peng Chongzhi Zhai Fumo Yang Department of environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization Chengdu 610065China Chongqing Academy of Eco-environmental Science Chongqing 401147China Research Center for atmospheric environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Key laboratory for Urban atmospheric environment Integrated Observation&Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing Chongqing 401147China

The ozone(O_(3))pollution in China drew lots of attention in recent years,and the sichuan Basin(SCB)was one of the regions confronting worsening O_(3)pollution *** previous studies have shown that regional transport is an important contributor to O_(3)***,very few features of the O_(3)profile during transport have been reported,especially in the border regions between different administrative *** this study,we conducted tethered balloon soundings in SCB during the summer of 2020 and captured a nocturnal O_(3)transport event during the ***,the O_(3)transport occurred in the bottom of the residual layer,between 200 and 500 m above ground ***,the transport pathway was directed from southeast to northwest based on the analysis of the wind field and air mass *** effect of transport in the residual layer on the surface O_(3)concentration was related to the spatial distribution of O_(3).For cities with high O_(3)concentrations in the upwind region,the transport process would bring clean air masses and abate *** downwind lightly polluted cities,the transport process would slow down the decreasing or even increase the surface O_(3)concentration during the *** provided observational facts on the profile features of a transboundary O_(3)transport event between two provincial administrative divisions,which implicated the importance of joint prevention and control ***,the sounding parameters were limited and the quantitative analysis was preliminary,more integrated,and thorough studies of this topic were called for in the future.

关键词： Ozone sichuan basin Transport event Vertical profile

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Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2084-2102页

作者： Lin WANG Wen CHEN Gang HAUNG Ting WANG Qiulin WANG Xiaoyun SU Zixuan REN Chakrit CHOTAMONSAK Atsamon LIMSAKUL Kritanai TORSRI CAS Key laboratory of Regional Climate-environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in plateau and Basin Key laboratory of sichuan province Chengdu 610072China Department of atmospheric Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Carbon Neutrality Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau Hangzhou 310051China Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand environmental Science Research Center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Climate Change and environmental Research Center TechnopolisKlong 5Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division Hydro-Informatics InstituteMinistry of Higher EducationScienceResearch and InnovationBangkok 10900Thailand

In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological *** study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms *** nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time *** contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is *** on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during *** them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of *** events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,*** results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of *** regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over *** 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western *** key dynamic processes are outlined as *** the one hand,the negative PDO p

关键词： Super drought Multiscalar Compounding effect Mechanism analysis Southwest China

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Distribution and Formation Causes of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) Double High Pollution Events in China during 2013–20

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1235-1250,I0004-I0021页

作者： Zhixuan TONG Yingying YAN Shaofei KONG Jintai LIN Nan CHEN Bo ZHU Jing MA Tianliang ZHAO Shihua QI Department of atmospheric Science School of Environmental SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei province Wuhan 430074China laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Eco-environmental Monitoring Centre of Hubei province Wuhan 430074China Key laboratory of atmospheric Chemistry China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China School of atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone(O_(3))double high pollution(DHP)events have occurred frequently over China in recent years,but their causes are not completely *** this study,the spatiotemporal distribution of DHP events in China during 2013–20 is *** synoptic types affecting DHP events are identified with the Lamb–Jenkinson circulation classification *** meteorological and chemical causes of DHP events controlled by the main synoptic types are further *** show that DHP events(1655 in total for China during 2013–20)mainly occur over the North China Plain,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,sichuan Basin,and Central *** occurrence frequency increases by 5.1%during 2013–15,and then decreases by 56.1%during 2015–*** main circulation types of DHP events are“cyclone”and“anticyclone”,accounting for over 40%of all DHP events over five main polluted regions in China,followed by southerly or easterly flat airflow types,like“southeast”,“southwest”,and“east”.Compared with non-DHP events,DHP events are characterized by static or weak wind,high temperature(20.9℃ versus 23.1℃)and low humidity(70.0%versus 64.9%).The diurnal cycles of meteorological conditions cause PM_(2.5)(0300–1200 LST,Local Standard Time=UTC+8 hours)and O_(3)(1500–2100 LST)to exceed the national standards at different periods of the DHP *** pollutant conversion indices further indicate the rapid secondary conversions during DHP events,and thus the concentrations of NO_(2),SO_(2) and volatile organic compounds decrease by 13.1%,4.7%and 4.4%,*** results of this study can be informative for future decisions on the management of DHP events.

关键词： double high pollution events PM_(2.5) ozone spatiotemporal distribution meteorological causes chemical composition characteristics

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